Histone deacetylase 2

HDAC2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3MAX, 4LXZ, 4LY1
Identifiers
Aliases	HDAC2 , HD2, RPD3, YAF1, histone deacetylase 2, KDAC2
External IDs	OMIM: 605164 MGI: 1097691 HomoloGene: 68187 GeneCards: HDAC2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 6 (human) [1] Band 6q21 Start 113,933,028 bp [1] End 114,011,308 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse) [2] Band 10 19.44 cM|10 B1 Start 36,850,540 bp [2] End 36,877,885 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in ganglionic eminence stromal cell of endometrium islet of Langerhans rectum smooth muscle tissue body of pancreas left uterine tube popliteal artery canal of the cervix monocyte Top expressed in ganglionic eminence maxillary prominence medial ganglionic eminence abdominal wall vas deferens hand dermis superior cervical ganglion trigeminal ganglion condyle More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function nucleosomal DNA binding heat shock protein binding transcription factor binding RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding enzyme binding NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific) protein deacetylase activity chromatin binding NF-kappaB binding protein binding sequence-specific DNA binding hydrolase activity histone deacetylase activity RNA binding histone deacetylase binding deacetylase activity promoter-specific chromatin binding Cellular component cytoplasm nucleus NuRD complex ESC/E(Z) complex Sin3 complex chromatin nucleoplasm histone deacetylase complex protein-containing complex Sin3-type complex membrane integral component of membrane Biological process cellular response to retinoic acid cellular response to heat rhythmic process response to amphetamine negative regulation of DNA binding cardiac muscle hypertrophy odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth positive regulation of proteolysis positive regulation of interleukin-1 production response to cocaine cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process histone H3 deacetylation chromatin remodeling negative regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation regulation of transcription, DNA-templated response to nicotine embryonic digit morphogenesis negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated histone H4 deacetylation fungiform papilla formation positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production response to caffeine negative regulation of dendritic spine development hair follicle placode formation epidermal cell differentiation positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation negative regulation of neuron projection development response to hyperoxia dendrite development negative regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II eyelid development in camera-type eye positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition circadian regulation of gene expression response to lipopolysaccharide behavioral response to ethanol negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated cellular response to dopamine blood coagulation positive regulation of cell population proliferation histone deacetylation positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II cellular response to hydrogen peroxide regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein chromatin organization positive regulation of male mating behavior Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3066 15182 Ensembl ENSG00000196591 ENSMUSG00000019777 UniProt Q92769 P70288 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001527 NM_008229 RefSeq (protein) NP_001518 NP_032255 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 113.93 – 114.01 Mb Chr 10: 36.85 – 36.88 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC2 gene. ^[5] It belongs to the histone deacetylase class of enzymes responsible for the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues at the N-terminal region of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). As such, it plays an important role in gene expression by facilitating the formation of transcription repressor complexes and for this reason is often considered an important target for cancer therapy. ^[6]

Though the functional role of the class to which HDAC2 belongs has been carefully studied, the mechanism by which HDAC2 interacts with histone deacetylases of other classes has yet to be elucidated. HDAC2 is broadly regulated by protein kinase 2 (CK2) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), but biochemical analysis suggests its regulation is more complex (evinced by the coexistence of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in three distinct protein complexes). ^[7] Essentially, the mechanism by which HDAC2 is regulated is still unclear by virtue of its various interactions, though a mechanism involving p300/CBP-associated factor and HDAC5 has been proposed in the context of cardiac reprogramming. ^[8]

Generally, HDAC2 is considered a putative target for the treatment for a variety of diseases, due to its involvement in cell cycle progression. Specifically, HDAC2 has been shown to play a role in cardiac hypertrophy, ^[8] Alzheimer's disease, ^[9] Parkinson's disease, ^[10] acute myeloid leukemia (AML), ^[11] osteosarcoma, ^[12] and stomach cancer. ^[13]

Structure and mechanism

This image shows the structure of the HDAC2 enzyme. The two consecutive benzene rings form the foot pocket, where as the single benzene rings forms the lipophilic tube.

HDAC2 belongs to the first class of histone deactylases. The active site of HDAC2 contains a Zn²⁺ ion coordinated to the carbonyl group of a lysine substrate and a water molecule. The metallic ion facilitates the nucleophilic attack of the carbonyl group by a coordinated water molecule, leading to the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate. This intermediate is momentarily stabilized by hydrogen bond interactions and metal coordination, until it ultimately collapses resulting in the deacetylation of the lysine residue. ^[14]

The HDAC2 active site consists of a lipophilic tube which leads from the surface to the catalytic center, and a 'foot pocket' containing mostly water molecules. The active site is connected to Gly154, Phe155, His183, Phe210, and Leu276. The footpocket is connected to Tyr29, Met35, Phe114, and Leu144. ^[15]

Function

This gene product belongs to the histone deacetylase family. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes and are responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal region of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). This protein also forms transcriptional repressor complexes by associating with many different proteins, including YY1, a mammalian zinc-finger transcription factor. Thus, it plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. ^[16]

Disease relevance

Cardiac hypertrophy

HDAC2 has been shown to play a role in the regulatory pathway of cardiac hypertrophy. Deficiencies in HDAC2 were shown to mitigate cardiac hypertrophy in hearts exposed to hypertrophic stimuli. However, in HDAC2 transgenic mice with inactivated glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (Gsk3beta), hypertrophy was observed at a higher frequency. In mice with activated Gsk3beta enzymes and HDAC2 deficiencies, sensitivity to hypertrophic stimulus was observed at a higher rate. The results suggest regulatory roles of HDAC2 and GSk3beta. ^[17]

The HDAC2 enzyme attacking a lysine residue.

Mechanisms by which HDAC2 responds to hypertrophic stress have been proposed, though no general consensus has been met. One suggested mechanism puts forth casein kinase dependent phosphorylation of HDAC2, while a more recent mechanism suggests acetylation regulated by p300/CBP-associated factor and HDAC5. ^[8]

Alzheimer's disease

It has been found that patients with Alzheimer's disease experience a decrease in the expression of neuronal genes. ^[18] Furthermore, a recent study found that inhibition of HDAC2 via c-Abl by tyrosine phosphorylation prevented cognitive and behavioral impairments in mice with Alzheimer's disease. ^[19] The results of the study support the role of c-Abl and HDAC2 in the signaling pathway of gene expression in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Currently, efforts to synthesize an HDAC2 inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease are based on a pharmacophore with four features: one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, and two aromatic rings. ^[9]

Parkinson's disease

HDAC inhibitors have been regarded as a potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is usually accompanied by an increase in the number of microglial proteins in the substantia nigra of the brain. In vivo evidence has shown a correlation between the number of microglial proteins and the upregulation of HDAC2. ^[10] It is thought therefore that HDAC2 inhibitors could be effective in treating microglial-initiated loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain.

Cancer therapy

The role of HDAC2 in various forms of cancer such as osteosarcoma, gastric cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia have been studied. A recent study discovered decreased metastasis formation in mouse models that develop pancreatic cancer when the murine ortholog Hdac2 was genetically depleted. ^[20] Current research is focused on creating inhibitors that decrease the upregulation of HDAC2.

Anti-influenza virus factor

HDAC2 plays a role in regulating the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription I (STAT1) and interferon-stimulated gene such as viperin. This shows that HDAC2 might be a component of cellular innate antiviral response. To circumvent the anti-viral potential, influenza A virus dysregulates HDAC2 by inducing its degradation by proteasomal degradation. ^[21]

Interactions

Histone deacetylase 2 has been shown to interact with:

• Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related, ^[22]
• BUB3, ^[23]
• CDC20, ^[23]
• CDH1, ^[23]
• CHD3, ^{[24] [25] [26]}
• CHD4, ^{[22] [24] [25]}
• DNMT1, ^[27]
• EED, ^[28]
• EZH2 ^[28] and
• FKBP3, ^[29]
• GATA4, ^[30]
• GTF2I, ^{[24] [31]}
• HDAC10, ^[32]
• HDAC1, ^{[24] [25] [28] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41]}
• HMG20B, ^{[24] [34]}
• HSPA4, ^[35]
• Host cell factor C1, ^[42]
• MTA1, ^{[24] [33] [43]}
• MTA2, ^{[24] [33] [39]}
• MXD1, ^{[44] [45]}
• Mad1, ^[23]
• Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2, ^{[39] [46] [47]}
• PHF21A, ^{[24] [34] [48]}
• PPP1R8, ^[49]
• RBBP4, ^{[24] [25] [50] [51]}
• RCOR1, ^{[34] [52]}
• RELA, ^{[53] [54]}
• Retinoblastoma protein, ^[55]
• SAP30, ^{[39] [56] [57]}
• SIN3A, ^{[24] [25] [44] [50] [51] [58] [59]}
• SMARCA5, ^[26]
• SNW1, ^[60]
• SUV39H1, ^[61]
• Sp1 transcription factor, ^{[51] [62] [63]}
• Sp3 transcription factor, ^{[62] [63]}
• TOP2B, ^[64] and
• YY1. ^{[65] [66] [67]}

See also

• Histone deacetylase

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000196591 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000019777 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Betz R, Gray SG, Ekström C, Larsson C, Ekström TJ (September 1998). "Human histone deacetylase 2, HDAC2 (Human RPD3), is localized to 6q21 by radiation hybrid mapping". Genomics. 52 (2): 245–246. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5435. PMID   9782097.
6. "Tissue expression of HDAC2 - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas". www.proteinatlas.org. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
7. Seto E, Yoshida M (April 2014). "Erasers of histone acetylation: the histone deacetylase enzymes". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 6 (4): a018713. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a018713. PMC   3970420 . PMID   24691964.
8. Eom GH, Nam YS, Oh JG, Choe N, Min HK, Yoo EK, et al. (March 2014). "Regulation of acetylation of histone deacetylase 2 by p300/CBP-associated factor/histone deacetylase 5 in the development of cardiac hypertrophy". Circulation Research. 114 (7): 1133–1143. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.303429 . PMID   24526703.
9. Choubey SK, Jeyakanthan J (June 2018). "Molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry-based approaches to identify isoform selective HDAC2 inhibitor - a novel target to prevent Alzheimer's disease". Journal of Receptor and Signal Transduction Research. 38 (3): 266–278. doi:10.1080/10799893.2018.1476541. PMID   29932788. S2CID   49385438.
10. Tan Y, Delvaux E, Nolz J, Coleman PD, Chen S, Mastroeni D (August 2018). "Upregulation of histone deacetylase 2 in laser capture nigral microglia in Parkinson's disease". Neurobiology of Aging. 68: 134–141. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.018. PMID   29803514. S2CID   44067840.
11. Lei L, Xia S, Liu D, Li X, Feng J, Zhu Y, et al. (July 2018). "Genome-wide characterization of lncRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia". Briefings in Bioinformatics. 19 (4): 627–635. doi:10.1093/bib/bbx007. PMC   6355113 . PMID   28203711.
12. La Noce M, Paino F, Mele L, Papaccio G, Regad T, Lombardi A, et al. (December 2018). "HDAC2 depletion promotes osteosarcoma's stemness both in vitro and in vivo: a study on a putative new target for CSCs directed therapy". Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. 37 (1): 296. doi: 10.1186/s13046-018-0978-x . PMC   6276256 . PMID   30509303.
13. Wei J, Wang Z, Wang Z, Yang Y, Fu C, Zhu J, Jiang D (2017). "MicroRNA-31 Function as a Suppressor Was Regulated by Epigenetic Mechanisms in Gastric Cancer". BioMed Research International. 2017: 5348490. doi: 10.1155/2017/5348490 . PMC   5733238 . PMID   29333444.
14. Lombardi PM, Cole KE, Dowling DP, Christianson DW (December 2011). "Structure, mechanism, and inhibition of histone deacetylases and related metalloenzymes". Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 21 (6): 735–743. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2011.08.004. PMC   3232309 . PMID   21872466.
15. Bressi JC, Jennings AJ, Skene R, Wu Y, Melkus R, De Jong R, et al. (May 2010). "Exploration of the HDAC2 foot pocket: Synthesis and SAR of substituted N-(2-aminophenyl)benzamides". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 20 (10): 3142–3145. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.091. PMID   20392638.
16. "Entrez Gene: HDAC2 histone deacetylase 2".
17. Trivedi CM, Luo Y, Yin Z, Zhang M, Zhu W, Wang T, et al. (March 2007). "Hdac2 regulates the cardiac hypertrophic response by modulating Gsk3 beta activity". Nature Medicine. 13 (3): 324–331. doi:10.1038/nm1552. PMID   17322895. S2CID   33021404.
18. Ginsberg SD, Alldred MJ, Che S (January 2012). "Gene expression levels assessed by CA1 pyramidal neuron and regional hippocampal dissections in Alzheimer's disease". Neurobiology of Disease. 45 (1): 99–107. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.07.013. PMC   3220746 . PMID   21821124.
19. Gonzalez-Zuñiga M, Contreras PS, Estrada LD, Chamorro D, Villagra A, Zanlungo S, et al. (October 2014). "c-Abl stabilizes HDAC2 levels by tyrosine phosphorylation repressing neuronal gene expression in Alzheimer's disease". Molecular Cell. 56 (1): 163–173. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.08.013 . PMID   25219501.
20. Krauß L, Urban BC, Hastreiter S, Schneider C, Wenzel P, Hassan Z, et al. (February 2022). "HDAC2 Facilitates Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis". Cancer Research. 82 (4): 695–707. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-3209 . PMC   9359718 . PMID   34903606. S2CID   245193477.
21. Nagesh PT, Hussain M, Galvin HD, Husain M (2017). "Histone Deacetylase 2 Is a Component of Influenza A Virus-Induced Host Antiviral Response". Frontiers in Microbiology. 8: 1315. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01315 . PMC   5511851 . PMID   28769891.
22. Schmidt DR, Schreiber SL (November 1999). "Molecular association between ATR and two components of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylating complex, HDAC2 and CHD4". Biochemistry. 38 (44): 14711–14717. doi:10.1021/bi991614n. PMID   10545197.
23. Yoon YM, Baek KH, Jeong SJ, Shin HJ, Ha GH, Jeon AH, et al. (September 2004). "WD repeat-containing mitotic checkpoint proteins act as transcriptional repressors during interphase". FEBS Letters. 575 (1–3): 23–29. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.07.089 . PMID   15388328. S2CID   21762011.
24. Hakimi MA, Dong Y, Lane WS, Speicher DW, Shiekhattar R (February 2003). "A candidate X-linked mental retardation gene is a component of a new family of histone deacetylase-containing complexes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (9): 7234–7239. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M208992200 . PMID   12493763.
25. Tong JK, Hassig CA, Schnitzler GR, Kingston RE, Schreiber SL (October 1998). "Chromatin deacetylation by an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelling complex". Nature. 395 (6705): 917–921. Bibcode:1998Natur.395..917T. doi:10.1038/27699. PMID   9804427. S2CID   4355885.
26. Hakimi MA, Bochar DA, Schmiesing JA, Dong Y, Barak OG, Speicher DW, et al. (August 2002). "A chromatin remodelling complex that loads cohesin onto human chromosomes". Nature. 418 (6901): 994–998. Bibcode:2002Natur.418..994H. doi:10.1038/nature01024. PMID   12198550. S2CID   4344470.
27. Rountree MR, Bachman KE, Baylin SB (July 2000). "DNMT1 binds HDAC2 and a new co-repressor, DMAP1, to form a complex at replication foci". Nature Genetics. 25 (3): 269–277. doi:10.1038/77023. PMID   10888872. S2CID   26149386.
28. van der Vlag J, Otte AP (December 1999). "Transcriptional repression mediated by the human polycomb-group protein EED involves histone deacetylation". Nature Genetics. 23 (4): 474–478. doi:10.1038/70602. PMID   10581039. S2CID   6748531.
29. Yang WM, Yao YL, Seto E (September 2001). "The FK506-binding protein 25 functionally associates with histone deacetylases and with transcription factor YY1". The EMBO Journal. 20 (17): 4814–4825. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.17.4814. PMC   125595 . PMID   11532945.
30. "Three-way control of fetal heart-cell proliferation could help regenerate cardiac cells". October 7, 2010.
31. Wen YD, Cress WD, Roy AL, Seto E (January 2003). "Histone deacetylase 3 binds to and regulates the multifunctional transcription factor TFII-I". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (3): 1841–1847. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M206528200 . PMID   12393887.
32. Fischer DD, Cai R, Bhatia U, Asselbergs FA, Song C, Terry R, et al. (February 2002). "Isolation and characterization of a novel class II histone deacetylase, HDAC10". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (8): 6656–6666. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M108055200 . PMID   11739383.
33. Yao YL, Yang WM (October 2003). "The metastasis-associated proteins 1 and 2 form distinct protein complexes with histone deacetylase activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (43): 42560–42568. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M302955200 . PMID   12920132.
34. Hakimi MA, Bochar DA, Chenoweth J, Lane WS, Mandel G, Shiekhattar R (May 2002). "A core-BRAF35 complex containing histone deacetylase mediates repression of neuronal-specific genes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (11): 7420–7425. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.7420H. doi: 10.1073/pnas.112008599 . PMC   124246 . PMID   12032298.
35. Johnson CA, White DA, Lavender JS, O'Neill LP, Turner BM (March 2002). "Human class I histone deacetylase complexes show enhanced catalytic activity in the presence of ATP and co-immunoprecipitate with the ATP-dependent chaperone protein Hsp70". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (11): 9590–9597. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M107942200 . PMID   11777905.
36. Fischle W, Dequiedt F, Hendzel MJ, Guenther MG, Lazar MA, Voelter W, Verdin E (January 2002). "Enzymatic activity associated with class II HDACs is dependent on a multiprotein complex containing HDAC3 and SMRT/N-CoR". Molecular Cell. 9 (1): 45–57. doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00429-4. hdl: 11858/00-001M-0000-002C-9FF9-9 . PMID   11804585.
37. Fischle W, Dequiedt F, Fillion M, Hendzel MJ, Voelter W, Verdin E (September 2001). "Human HDAC7 histone deacetylase activity is associated with HDAC3 in vivo". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (38): 35826–35835. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M104935200 . PMID   11466315.
38. Ashburner BP, Westerheide SD, Baldwin AS (October 2001). "The p65 (RelA) subunit of NF-kappaB interacts with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) corepressors HDAC1 and HDAC2 to negatively regulate gene expression". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 21 (20): 7065–7077. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.20.7065-7077.2001. PMC   99882 . PMID   11564889.
39. Zhang Y, Ng HH, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Bird A, Reinberg D (August 1999). "Analysis of the NuRD subunits reveals a histone deacetylase core complex and a connection with DNA methylation". Genes & Development. 13 (15): 1924–1935. doi:10.1101/gad.13.15.1924. PMC   316920 . PMID   10444591.
40. Hassig CA, Tong JK, Fleischer TC, Owa T, Grable PG, Ayer DE, Schreiber SL (March 1998). "A role for histone deacetylase activity in HDAC1-mediated transcriptional repression". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (7): 3519–3524. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.3519H. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3519 . PMC   19868 . PMID   9520398.
41. Zhang Y, Iratni R, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Reinberg D (May 1997). "Histone deacetylases and SAP18, a novel polypeptide, are components of a human Sin3 complex". Cell. 89 (3): 357–364. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80216-0 . PMID   9150135.
42. Wysocka J, Myers MP, Laherty CD, Eisenman RN, Herr W (April 2003). "Human Sin3 deacetylase and trithorax-related Set1/Ash2 histone H3-K4 methyltransferase are tethered together selectively by the cell-proliferation factor HCF-1". Genes & Development. 17 (7): 896–911. doi:10.1101/gad.252103. PMC   196026 . PMID   12670868.
43. Mazumdar A, Wang RA, Mishra SK, Adam L, Bagheri-Yarmand R, Mandal M, et al. (January 2001). "Transcriptional repression of oestrogen receptor by metastasis-associated protein 1 corepressor". Nature Cell Biology. 3 (1): 30–37. doi:10.1038/35050532. PMID   11146623. S2CID   23477845.
44. Laherty CD, Yang WM, Sun JM, Davie JR, Seto E, Eisenman RN (May 1997). "Histone deacetylases associated with the mSin3 corepressor mediate mad transcriptional repression". Cell. 89 (3): 349–356. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80215-9 . PMID   9150134. S2CID   13490886.
45. Spronk CA, Tessari M, Kaan AM, Jansen JF, Vermeulen M, Stunnenberg HG, Vuister GW (December 2000). "The Mad1-Sin3B interaction involves a novel helical fold". Nature Structural Biology. 7 (12): 1100–1104. doi:10.1038/81944. PMID   11101889. S2CID   12451972.
46. Brackertz M, Boeke J, Zhang R, Renkawitz R (October 2002). "Two highly related p66 proteins comprise a new family of potent transcriptional repressors interacting with MBD2 and MBD3". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (43): 40958–40966. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M207467200 . PMID   12183469.
47. Ng HH, Zhang Y, Hendrich B, Johnson CA, Turner BM, Erdjument-Bromage H, et al. (September 1999). "MBD2 is a transcriptional repressor belonging to the MeCP1 histone deacetylase complex". Nature Genetics. 23 (1): 58–61. doi:10.1038/12659. hdl: 1842/684 . PMID   10471499. S2CID   6147725.
48. Iwase S, Januma A, Miyamoto K, Shono N, Honda A, Yanagisawa J, Baba T (September 2004). "Characterization of BHC80 in BRAF-HDAC complex, involved in neuron-specific gene repression". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 322 (2): 601–608. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.07.163. PMID   15325272.
49. Jin Q, van Eynde A, Beullens M, Roy N, Thiel G, Stalmans W, Bollen M (August 2003). "The protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) regulator, nuclear inhibitor of PP1 (NIPP1), interacts with the polycomb group protein, embryonic ectoderm development (EED), and functions as a transcriptional repressor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (33): 30677–30685. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M302273200 . PMID   12788942.
50. Zhang Y, Dufau ML (June 2003). "Dual mechanisms of regulation of transcription of luteinizing hormone receptor gene by nuclear orphan receptors and histone deacetylase complexes". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 85 (2–5): 401–414. doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00230-9. PMID   12943729. S2CID   28512341.
51. Zhang Y, Dufau ML (September 2002). "Silencing of transcription of the human luteinizing hormone receptor gene by histone deacetylase-mSin3A complex". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (36): 33431–33438. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M204417200 . PMID   12091390.
52. You A, Tong JK, Grozinger CM, Schreiber SL (February 2001). "CoREST is an integral component of the CoREST- human histone deacetylase complex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (4): 1454–1458. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.1454Y. doi: 10.1073/pnas.98.4.1454 . PMC   29278 . PMID   11171972.
53. Kiernan R, Brès V, Ng RW, Coudart MP, El Messaoudi S, Sardet C, et al. (January 2003). "Post-activation turn-off of NF-kappa B-dependent transcription is regulated by acetylation of p65". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (4): 2758–2766. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M209572200 . PMID   12419806.
54. Yu Z, Zhang W, Kone BC (August 2002). "Histone deacetylases augment cytokine induction of the iNOS gene". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 13 (8): 2009–2017. doi: 10.1097/01.asn.0000024253.59665.f1 . PMID   12138131.
55. Lai A, Lee JM, Yang WM, DeCaprio JA, Kaelin WG, Seto E, Branton PE (October 1999). "RBP1 recruits both histone deacetylase-dependent and -independent repression activities to retinoblastoma family proteins". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 19 (10): 6632–6641. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.10.6632. PMC   84642 . PMID   10490602.
56. Zhang Y, Sun ZW, Iratni R, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Hampsey M, Reinberg D (June 1998). "SAP30, a novel protein conserved between human and yeast, is a component of a histone deacetylase complex". Molecular Cell. 1 (7): 1021–1031. doi: 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80102-1 . PMID   9651585.
57. Kuzmichev A, Zhang Y, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Reinberg D (February 2002). "Role of the Sin3-histone deacetylase complex in growth regulation by the candidate tumor suppressor p33(ING1)". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (3): 835–848. doi:10.1128/mcb.22.3.835-848.2002. PMC   133546 . PMID   11784859.
58. Fleischer TC, Yun UJ, Ayer DE (May 2003). "Identification and characterization of three new components of the mSin3A corepressor complex". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (10): 3456–3467. doi:10.1128/mcb.23.10.3456-3467.2003. PMC   164750 . PMID   12724404.
59. Yang L, Mei Q, Zielinska-Kwiatkowska A, Matsui Y, Blackburn ML, Benedetti D, et al. (February 2003). "An ERG (ets-related gene)-associated histone methyltransferase interacts with histone deacetylases 1/2 and transcription co-repressors mSin3A/B". The Biochemical Journal. 369 (Pt 3): 651–657. doi:10.1042/BJ20020854. PMC   1223118 . PMID   12398767.
60. Zhou S, Fujimuro M, Hsieh JJ, Chen L, Hayward SD (February 2000). "A role for SKIP in EBNA2 activation of CBF1-repressed promoters". Journal of Virology. 74 (4): 1939–1947. doi:10.1128/jvi.74.4.1939-1947.2000. PMC   111672 . PMID   10644367.
61. Vaute O, Nicolas E, Vandel L, Trouche D (January 2002). "Functional and physical interaction between the histone methyl transferase Suv39H1 and histone deacetylases". Nucleic Acids Research. 30 (2): 475–481. doi:10.1093/nar/30.2.475. PMC   99834 . PMID   11788710.
62. Won J, Yim J, Kim TK (October 2002). "Sp1 and Sp3 recruit histone deacetylase to repress transcription of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter in normal human somatic cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (41): 38230–38238. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M206064200 . PMID   12151407.
63. Sun JM, Chen HY, Moniwa M, Litchfield DW, Seto E, Davie JR (September 2002). "The transcriptional repressor Sp3 is associated with CK2-phosphorylated histone deacetylase 2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (39): 35783–35786. doi: 10.1074/jbc.C200378200 . PMID   12176973.
64. Tsai SC, Valkov N, Yang WM, Gump J, Sullivan D, Seto E (November 2000). "Histone deacetylase interacts directly with DNA topoisomerase II". Nature Genetics. 26 (3): 349–353. doi:10.1038/81671. PMID   11062478. S2CID   19301396.
65. Yang WM, Yao YL, Sun JM, Davie JR, Seto E (October 1997). "Isolation and characterization of cDNAs corresponding to an additional member of the human histone deacetylase gene family". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (44): 28001–28007. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.44.28001 . PMID   9346952.
66. Yao YL, Yang WM, Seto E (September 2001). "Regulation of transcription factor YY1 by acetylation and deacetylation". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 21 (17): 5979–5991. doi:10.1128/mcb.21.17.5979-5991.2001. PMC   87316 . PMID   11486036.
67. Kalenik JL, Chen D, Bradley ME, Chen SJ, Lee TC (February 1997). "Yeast two-hybrid cloning of a novel zinc finger protein that interacts with the multifunctional transcription factor YY1". Nucleic Acids Research. 25 (4): 843–849. doi:10.1093/nar/25.4.843. PMC   146511 . PMID   9016636.

Further reading

• Ahringer J (August 2000). "NuRD and SIN3 histone deacetylase complexes in development". Trends in Genetics. 16 (8): 351–356. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02066-7. PMID   10904264.
• Verdin E, Dequiedt F, Kasler HG (May 2003). "Class II histone deacetylases: versatile regulators". Trends in Genetics. 19 (5): 286–293. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(03)00073-8. hdl: 2268/80861 . PMID   12711221.
• Zhang Y, Dufau ML (June 2003). "Dual mechanisms of regulation of transcription of luteinizing hormone receptor gene by nuclear orphan receptors and histone deacetylase complexes". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 85 (2–5): 401–414. doi:10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00230-9. PMID   12943729. S2CID   28512341.
• Furukawa Y, Kawakami T, Sudo K, Inazawa J, Matsumine A, Akiyama T, Nakamura Y (1996). "Isolation and mapping of a human gene (RPD3L1) that is homologous to RPD3, a transcription factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 73 (1–2): 130–133. doi:10.1159/000134323. PMID   8646880.
• Yang WM, Inouye C, Zeng Y, Bearss D, Seto E (November 1996). "Transcriptional repression by YY1 is mediated by interaction with a mammalian homolog of the yeast global regulator RPD3". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (23): 12845–12850. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9312845Y. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.23.12845 . PMC   24008 . PMID   8917507.
• Laherty CD, Yang WM, Sun JM, Davie JR, Seto E, Eisenman RN (May 1997). "Histone deacetylases associated with the mSin3 corepressor mediate mad transcriptional repression". Cell. 89 (3): 349–356. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80215-9 . PMID   9150134. S2CID   13490886.
• Zhang Y, Iratni R, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Reinberg D (May 1997). "Histone deacetylases and SAP18, a novel polypeptide, are components of a human Sin3 complex". Cell. 89 (3): 357–364. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80216-0 . PMID   9150135.
• Yang WM, Yao YL, Sun JM, Davie JR, Seto E (October 1997). "Isolation and characterization of cDNAs corresponding to an additional member of the human histone deacetylase gene family". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (44): 28001–28007. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.44.28001 . PMID   9346952.
• Hassig CA, Tong JK, Fleischer TC, Owa T, Grable PG, Ayer DE, Schreiber SL (March 1998). "A role for histone deacetylase activity in HDAC1-mediated transcriptional repression". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (7): 3519–3524. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.3519H. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3519 . PMC   19868 . PMID   9520398.
• Randhawa GS, Bell DW, Testa JR, Feinberg AP (July 1998). "Identification and mapping of human histone acetylation modifier gene homologues". Genomics. 51 (2): 262–269. doi: 10.1006/geno.1998.5370 . PMID   9722949.
• Zhang Y, LeRoy G, Seelig HP, Lane WS, Reinberg D (October 1998). "The dermatomyositis-specific autoantigen Mi2 is a component of a complex containing histone deacetylase and nucleosome remodeling activities". Cell. 95 (2): 279–289. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81758-4 . PMID   9790534. S2CID   18786866.
• Tong JK, Hassig CA, Schnitzler GR, Kingston RE, Schreiber SL (October 1998). "Chromatin deacetylation by an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelling complex". Nature. 395 (6705): 917–921. Bibcode:1998Natur.395..917T. doi:10.1038/27699. PMID   9804427. S2CID   4355885.
• Hsieh JJ, Zhou S, Chen L, Young DB, Hayward SD (January 1999). "CIR, a corepressor linking the DNA binding factor CBF1 to the histone deacetylase complex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (1): 23–28. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96...23H. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.1.23 . PMC   15086 . PMID   9874765.
• Yarden RI, Brody LC (April 1999). "BRCA1 interacts with components of the histone deacetylase complex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (9): 4983–4988. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.4983Y. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.9.4983 . PMC   21803 . PMID   10220405.
• Koipally J, Renold A, Kim J, Georgopoulos K (June 1999). "Repression by Ikaros and Aiolos is mediated through histone deacetylase complexes". The EMBO Journal. 18 (11): 3090–3100. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.11.3090. PMC   1171390 . PMID   10357820.
• Zhang Y, Ng HH, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Bird A, Reinberg D (August 1999). "Analysis of the NuRD subunits reveals a histone deacetylase core complex and a connection with DNA methylation". Genes & Development. 13 (15): 1924–1935. doi:10.1101/gad.13.15.1924. PMC   316920 . PMID   10444591.
• Ng HH, Zhang Y, Hendrich B, Johnson CA, Turner BM, Erdjument-Bromage H, et al. (September 1999). "MBD2 is a transcriptional repressor belonging to the MeCP1 histone deacetylase complex". Nature Genetics. 23 (1): 58–61. doi:10.1038/12659. hdl: 1842/684 . PMID   10471499. S2CID   6147725.
• Wade PA, Gegonne A, Jones PL, Ballestar E, Aubry F, Wolffe AP (September 1999). "Mi-2 complex couples DNA methylation to chromatin remodelling and histone deacetylation". Nature Genetics. 23 (1): 62–66. doi:10.1038/12664. PMID   10471500. S2CID   52868103.
• Lai A, Lee JM, Yang WM, DeCaprio JA, Kaelin WG, Seto E, Branton PE (October 1999). "RBP1 recruits both histone deacetylase-dependent and -independent repression activities to retinoblastoma family proteins". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 19 (10): 6632–6641. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.10.6632. PMC   84642 . PMID   10490602.

External links

• HDAC2+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• FactorBook HDAC2
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt : Q92769 (Histone deacetylase 2) at the PDBe-KB .