CRIS experiment

Last updated
Isotope Separator On Line Device
(ISOLDE)
List of ISOLDE experimental setups
COLLAPS, CRIS, EC-SLI, IDS, ISS, ISOLTRAP, LUCRECIA, Miniball, MIRACLS, SEC, VITO, WISArD
Other facilities
MEDICIS Medical Isotopes Collected from ISOLDE
508Solid State Physics Laboratory
The Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (CRIS) experiment at ISOLDE CRIS experiment.jpg
The Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (CRIS) experiment at ISOLDE

The Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (CRIS) experiment is located in the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The experiment aims to study ground-state properties of exotic nuclei and produce high purity isomeric beams used to decay studies. CRIS does this by using the high resolution technique of fast beam collinear laser spectroscopy, with the high efficiency technique of resonance ionization. [1] [2]

Contents

Background

The technique of fast beam collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy is a merger of two traditional approaches to laser spectroscopy: in-source resonance ionization spectroscopy and fluorescence-detection fast beam collinear laser spectroscopy. [3]

Resonance ionization spectroscopy is based on stepwise photo-ionization, which uses tunable lasers to match the laser light's photon energy to an atomic transition of an element. The photons will be resonantly absorbed if the light is incident on an atomic beam. By using a series of precisely tuned lasers, an electron will be excited through the energy level structure almost to the ionization potential of the element. The element can then be ionized to an autoionising state or non-resonant ionization state. [4] [5] The technique allows for an elemental selectivity in ionization and isotopic selectivity in measurement, as other elements will not be affected by the tuned laser light. [6]

Fluorescence-detection fast beam collinear laser spectroscopy is a high-resolution technique that resolves the hyperfine structure and isotope shift of an atomic transition. [7] This is done by superimposing two beams, an ionic or atomic beam and a tuned narrow-bandwidth laser beam. At resonance, the beam is scanned and fluorescent photons are emitted and collected by a photon detector. [8] The fast beam used in this technique limits the distribution of kinetic energies, and reduces the Doppler broadening of the resonance peak. [9]

Experimental setup

CRIS beamline in the ISOLDE facility at CERN CRIS Beamline.jpg
CRIS beamline in the ISOLDE facility at CERN

CRIS bends bunched radioactive beams that have been accelerated, mass separated and cooled to room temperature, produced by the ISOLDE facility and directs them to overlap in space and time with the pulsed laser beams. [1] An alkali-filled charge exchange cell (CEC) is used to neutralise the ion beam, before it is directed through a differential pumping region and deflector plates. [10] Here, the residual ions that weren't neutralised are deflected and dumped, and the neutral beam proceeds to the interaction region, kept at ultra high vacuum (10−10 mbar). [11] [12]

In the interaction region, the atoms are resonantly ionized by the lasers and then deflected through horizontal and vertical deflection plates. Scanning the narrow frequency band of the lasers, while monitoring the ion count rate yields a spectrum of the hyperfine structure of the atom. [13]

The ions are counted with a MagneToF ion detector (previously a micro channel plate was used), and at the end of the beamline the Decay Spectroscopy Station (DSS) allows CRIS to make decay measurements of the isotopes. [14] [11]

Results

Prior to the CRIS experiment, the first demonstration of the new fast beam collinear resonance ionization technique at the ISOLDE facility resulted in an efficiency of 0.001%, due to a low duty cycle. [15] In 2008, the CRIS experiment was proposed to implement this technique to simultaneously achieve high efficiency and resolution. [11] Since then, the experiment has demonstrated a 1% experimental efficiency. [10]

In 2012, the CRIS experiment performed their first sensitive measurements of francium isotopes and found good agreement with model predictions of its nuclear structure. [16] Since then, the experiment has been able to make more precision measurements of nuclear structure, including charge radii, dipole [ disambiguation needed ] and quadrupole moments, and isotope shifts. [1]

Since 2020, the CRIS experiment has been working on a new approach to study short-lived radioactive molecules. [17] These radioactive molecules are promising probes to uncover new physics. [17] [18]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antihydrogen</span> Exotic particle made of an antiproton and positron

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">On-Line Isotope Mass Separator</span> Physics facility at CERN

The ISOLDE Radioactive Ion Beam Facility, is an on-line isotope separator facility located at the heart of the CERN accelerator complex on the Franco-Swiss border. The name of the facility is an acronym for Isotope Separator On Line DEvice. Created in 1964, the ISOLDE facility started delivering radioactive ion beams to users in 1967. Originally located at the Synchro-Cyclotron (SC) accelerator, the facility has been upgraded several times most notably in 1992 when the whole facility was moved to be connected to CERN's ProtonSynchroton Booster (PSB). Entering its 6th decade of existence, ISOLDE is currently the longest-running facility in operation at CERN, a longevity due to a continuous development of the facility and its experiments that has kept ISOLDE at the forefront of science with radioactive ion beams. From the first pioneering isotope separation on-line (ISOL) beams to the latest technical advances allowing for the production of the most exotic species, ISOLDE benefits a wide range of physics communities with applications covering nuclear, atomic, molecular and solid-state physics, but also biophysics and astrophysics, as well as high-precision experiments looking for physics beyond the Standard Model. The facility is operated by the ISOLDE Collaboration, comprising CERN and sixteen (mostly) European countries. As of 2019, close to 1000 experimentalists around the world are coming to ISOLDE to perform typically 50 different experiments per year.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Synchro-Cyclotron (CERN)</span>

The Synchro-Cyclotron, or Synchrocyclotron (SC), built in 1957, was CERN’s first accelerator. It was 15.7 metres (52 ft) in circumference and provided beams for CERN's first experiments in particle and nuclear physics. It accelerated particles to energies up to 600 MeV. The foundation stone of CERN was laid at the site of the Synchrocyclotron by the first Director-General of CERN, Felix Bloch. After its remarkably long 33 years of service time, the SC was decommissioned in 1990. Nowadays it accepts visitors as an exhibition area in CERN.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Resonance ionization</span> Process to excite an atom beyond its ionization potential to form an ion

Resonance ionization is a process in optical physics used to excite a specific atom beyond its ionization potential to form an ion using a beam of photons irradiated from a pulsed laser light. In resonance ionization, the absorption or emission properties of the emitted photons are not considered, rather only the resulting excited ions are mass-selected, detected and measured. Depending on the laser light source used, one electron can be removed from each atom so that resonance ionization produces an efficient selectivity in two ways: elemental selectivity in ionization and isotopic selectivity in measurement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CERN-MEDICIS</span>

CERN-MEDical Isotopes Collected from ISOLDE (MEDICIS) is a facility located in the Isotope Separator Online DEvice (ISOLDE) facility at CERN, designed to produce high-purity isotopes for developing the practice of patient diagnosis and treatment. The facility was initiated in 2010, with its first radioisotopes (terbium-155) produced on 12 December 2017.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">COLLAPS experiment</span>

The COLinear LAser SPectroscopy (COLLAPS) experiment is located in the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The purpose of the experiment is to investigate ground and isomeric state properties of exotic, short lived nuclei, including spins, electro-magnetic moments and charge radii. The experiment has been operating since the late 1970s, and is the oldest active experiment at ISOLDE.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ISOLDE Decay Station experiment</span>

The ISOLDE Decay Station (IDS) is a permanent experiment located in the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The purpose of the experiment is to measure decay properties of radioactive isotopes using spectroscopy techniques for a variety of applications, including nuclear engineering and astrophysics. The experimental setup has been operational since 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ISOLTRAP experiment</span>

The high-precision mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP experiment is a permanent experimental setup located at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The purpose of the experiment is to make precision mass measurements using the time-of-flight (ToF) detection technique. Studying nuclides and probing nuclear structure gives insight into various areas of physics, including astrophysics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MIRACLS experiment</span>

The Multi Ion Reflection Apparatus for Collinear Spectroscopy (MIRACLS) is a permanent experiment setup being constructed at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The purpose of the experiment is to measure properties of exotic radioisotopes, from precise measurements of their hyperfine structure. MIRACLS will use laser spectroscopy for measurements, aiming to increase the sensitivity of the technique by trapping ion bunches in an ion trap.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SEC experiment</span>

The Scattering Experiments Chamber (SEC) experiment is a permanent experimental setup located in the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The station facilitates diversified reaction experiments, especially for studying low-lying resonances in light atomic nuclei via transfer reactions. SEC does not detect gamma radiation, and therefore is complementary to the ISOLDE Solenoidal Spectrometer (ISS) and Miniball experiments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VITO experiment</span>

The VITOexperiment is a permanent experimental setup located in the ISOLDE facility at CERN, in the form of a beamline. The purpose of the beamline is to investigate the weak interaction, and determine properties of short-lived unstable atomic nuclei. VITO does this with laser-polarised radioactive beams which allows for versatile studies. The beamline is a modification of the former Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) beamline hosting ASPIC.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "CRIS | ISOLDE". isolde.web.cern.ch. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
  2. ↑ Flanagan, Kieran (April 2013). "CRIS: A New Sensitive Device for Laser Spectroscopy of Exotic Nuclei". Nuclear Physics News. 23 (2): 24–26. Bibcode:2013NPNew..23...24F. doi:10.1080/10619127.2013.793094. ISSN   1061-9127. S2CID   120041351.
  3. ↑ Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis, Michail; Reilly, Jordan R.; Koszorus, Agota; Wilkins, Shane G.; Lalanne, Louis; Geldhof, Sarina; Nichols, Miranda; Wang, Quanjun; Borne, Bram van den; Chorlton, David; Cocolios, Thomas E.; Flanagan, Kieran T.; Ruiz, Ronald F. Garcia; de Groote, Ruben; Hanstorp, Dag (March 2023). "Voltage scanning and technical upgrades at the Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy experiment". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 541: 86–89. arXiv: 2303.15312 . Bibcode:2023NIMPB.541...86A. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2023.04.054. S2CID   257766596.
  4. ↑ Marsh, B (2013). "Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Sources". CAS - CERN Accelerator School: Ion Sources. doi:10.5170/CERN-2013-007.203.
  5. ↑ Day Goodacre, T.; Billowes, J.; Binnersley, C. L.; Bissell, M. L.; Chrysalidis, K.; Cocolios, T. E.; de Groote, R. P.; Farooq-Smith, G. J.; Fedorov, D. V.; Fedosseev, V. N.; Flanagan, K. T.; Franchoo, S.; Garcia Ruiz, R. F.; Gins, W.; Heinke, R. (2018-12-01). "Radium ionization scheme development: The first observed autoionizing states and optical pumping effects in the hot cavity environment". Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. 150: 99–104. Bibcode:2018AcSpe.150...99D. doi:10.1016/j.sab.2018.10.002. ISSN   0584-8547. S2CID   105204354.
  6. ↑ Köster, U. (10 May 2001). "Resonance ionization laser ion sources". Nuclear Physics A. 701 (1–4): 441–451. doi:10.1016/S0375-9474(01)01625-6.
  7. ↑ Imgram, Phillip; König, Kristian; Krämer, Jörg; Ratajczyk, Tim; Maaß, Bernhard; Müller, Patrick; Sommer, Felix; Nörtershäuser, Wilfried (2020-03-30). "High-precision collinear laser spectroscopy at the Collinear Apparatus for Laser Spectroscopy and Applied Physics (COALA)". Hyperfine Interactions. 241 (1): 48. Bibcode:2020HyInt.241...48I. doi:10.1007/s10751-019-1690-8. ISSN   1572-9540. S2CID   254545818.
  8. ↑ Neugart, R. (1987), "Collinear Fast-Beam Laser Spectroscopy", Progress in Atomic Spectroscopy, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 75–126, doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1857-6_2, ISBN   978-1-4612-9036-0 , retrieved 2023-07-14
  9. ↑ Maier, F. M.; Fischer, P.; Heylen, H.; Lagaki, V.; Lechner, S.; Plattner, P.; Sels, S.; Wienholtz, F.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Schweikhard, L.; Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S. (Dec 2019). "Simulations of a proof-of-principle experiment for collinear laser spectroscopy within a multi-reflection time-of-flight device". Hyperfine Interactions. 240 (1): 1. Bibcode:2019HyInt.240...54M. doi:10.1007/s10751-019-1575-x. ISSN   0304-3843. S2CID   254550467.
  10. 1 2 Cocolios, T. E.; Al Suradi, H. H.; Billowes, J.; Budinčević, I.; de Groote, R. P.; De Schepper, S.; Fedosseev, V. N.; Flanagan, K. T.; Franchoo, S.; Garcia Ruiz, R. F.; Heylen, H.; Le Blanc, F.; Lynch, K. M.; Marsh, B. A.; Mason, P. J. R. (2013-12-15). "The Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (CRIS) experimental setup at CERN-ISOLDE". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. XVIth International Conference on ElectroMagnetic Isotope Separators and Techniques Related to their Applications, December 2–7, 2012 at Matsue, Japan. 317: 565–569. Bibcode:2013NIMPB.317..565C. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2013.05.088. ISSN   0168-583X.
  11. 1 2 3 Procter, T J; Aghaei-Khozani, H; Billowes, J; Bissell, M L; Blanc, F Le; Cheal, B; Cocolios, T E; Flanagan, K T; Hori, H; Kobayashi, T; Lunney, D; Lynch, K M; Marsh, B A; Neyens, G; Papuga, J (2012-09-18). "Development of the CRIS (Collinear Resonant Ionisation Spectroscopy) beam line". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 381 (1): 012070. Bibcode:2012JPhCS.381a2070P. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/381/1/012070. ISSN   1742-6588. S2CID   53655523.
  12. ↑ Khan, Muhammad Minhaj (26 August 2021). Integration of a Tape Roll for Decay Spectroscopy to Control the Build-Up of Background Radioactivity (Thesis). IMT Atlantique.
  13. ↑ "The CRIS Website". isolde-cris.web.cern.ch. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  14. ↑ Koszorús, Á; Yang, X. F.; Jiang, W. G.; Novario, S. J.; Bai, S. W.; Billowes, J.; Binnersley, C. L.; Bissell, M. L.; Cocolios, T. E.; Cooper, B. S.; de Groote, R. P.; Ekström, A.; Flanagan, K. T.; Forssén, C.; Franchoo, S. (April 2021). "Charge radii of exotic potassium isotopes challenge nuclear theory and the magic character of $N = 32$". Nature Physics. 17 (4): 439–443. arXiv: 2012.01864 . Bibcode:2021NatPh..17..439K. doi:10.1038/s41567-020-01136-5. ISSN   1745-2473. S2CID   234356572.
  15. ↑ Schulz, C; Arnold, E; Borchers, W; Neu, W; Neugart, R; Neuroth, M; Otten, E W; Scherf, M; Wendt, K; Lievens, P; Kudryavtsev, Y A; Letokhov, V S; Mishin, V I; Petrunin, V V (1991-11-28). "Resonance ionization spectroscopy on a fast atomic ytterbium beam". Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. 24 (22): 4831–4844. Bibcode:1991JPhB...24.4831S. doi:10.1088/0953-4075/24/22/020. ISSN   0953-4075. S2CID   250857276.
  16. ↑ "Summer Student takes ISOLDE by surprise". CERN. 2023-06-28. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
  17. 1 2 Ruiz, R. F. Garcia; Berger, R.; Billowes, J.; Binnersley, C. L.; Bissell, M. L.; Breier, A. A.; Brinson, A. J.; Chrysalidis, K.; Cocolios, T.; Cooper, B.; Flanagan, K. T.; Giesen, T. F.; de Groote, R. P.; Franchoo, S.; Gustafsson, F. P. (2020-05-28). "Spectroscopy of short-lived radioactive molecules: A sensitive laboratory for new physics". Nature. 581 (7809): 396–400. arXiv: 1910.13416 . doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2299-4. ISSN   0028-0836. PMC   7334132 . PMID   32461650.
  18. ↑ Arrowsmith-Kron, Gordon; Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis, Michail; Au, Mia; et al. (4 Feb 2023). "Opportunities for Fundamental Physics Research with Radioactive Molecules". arXiv: 2302.02165 .{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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