CRIS experiment

Last updated
Isotope Separator On Line Device
(ISOLDE)
List of ISOLDE experimental setups
COLLAPS, CRIS, EC-SLI, IDS, ISS, ISOLTRAP, LUCRECIA, Miniball, MIRACLS, SEC, VITO, WISArD
Other facilities
MEDICIS Medical Isotopes Collected from ISOLDE
508Solid State Physics Laboratory
The Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (CRIS) experiment at ISOLDE CRIS experiment.jpg
The Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (CRIS) experiment at ISOLDE

The Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (CRIS) experiment is located in the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The experiment aims to study ground-state properties of exotic nuclei and produce high purity isomeric beams used for decay studies. CRIS does this by using the high resolution technique of fast beam collinear laser spectroscopy, with the high efficiency technique of resonance ionization. [1] [2]

Contents

Background

The technique of fast beam collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy is a merger of two traditional approaches to laser spectroscopy: in-source resonance ionization spectroscopy and fluorescence-detection fast beam collinear laser spectroscopy. [3]

Resonance ionization spectroscopy is based on stepwise photo-ionization, which uses tunable lasers to match the laser light's photon energy to an atomic transition of an element. The photons will be resonantly absorbed if the light is incident on an atomic beam. By using a series of precisely tuned lasers, an electron will be excited through the energy level structure almost to the ionization potential of the element. The element can then be ionized to an autoionising state or non-resonant ionization state. [4] [5] The technique allows for an elemental selectivity in ionization and isotopic selectivity in measurement, as other elements will not be affected by the tuned laser light. [6]

Fluorescence-detection fast beam collinear laser spectroscopy is a high-resolution technique that resolves the hyperfine structure and isotope shift of an atomic transition. [7] This is done by superimposing two beams, an ionic or atomic beam and a tuned narrow-bandwidth laser beam. At resonance, the beam is scanned and fluorescent photons are emitted and collected by a photon detector. [8] The fast beam used in this technique limits the distribution of kinetic energies, and reduces the Doppler broadening of the resonance peak. [9]

Experimental setup

CRIS beamline in the ISOLDE facility at CERN CRIS Beamline.jpg
CRIS beamline in the ISOLDE facility at CERN

CRIS bends bunched radioactive beams that have been accelerated, mass separated and cooled to room temperature, produced by the ISOLDE facility and directs them to overlap in space and time with the pulsed laser beams. [1] An alkali-filled charge exchange cell (CEC) is used to neutralise the ion beam, before it is directed through a differential pumping region and deflector plates. [10] Here, the residual ions that weren't neutralised are deflected and dumped, and the neutral beam proceeds to the interaction region, kept at ultra high vacuum (10−10 mbar). [11] [12]

In the interaction region, the atoms are resonantly ionized by the lasers and then deflected through horizontal and vertical deflection plates. Scanning the narrow frequency band of the lasers, while monitoring the ion count rate yields a spectrum of the hyperfine structure of the atom. [13]

The ions are counted with a MagneToF ion detector (previously a micro channel plate was used), and at the end of the beamline the Decay Spectroscopy Station (DSS) allows CRIS to make decay measurements of the isotopes. [14] [11]

Results

Prior to the CRIS experiment, the first demonstration of the new fast beam collinear resonance ionization technique at the ISOLDE facility resulted in an efficiency of 0.001%, due to a low duty cycle. [15] In 2008, the CRIS experiment was proposed to implement this technique to simultaneously achieve high efficiency and resolution. [11] Since then, the experiment has demonstrated a 1% experimental efficiency. [10]

In 2012, the CRIS experiment performed their first sensitive measurements of francium isotopes and found good agreement with model predictions of its nuclear structure. [16] Since then, the experiment has been able to make more precision measurements of nuclear structure, including charge radii, electromagnetic dipole and quadrupole moments, and isotope shifts. [1]

Since 2020, the CRIS experiment has been working on a new approach to study short-lived radioactive molecules. [17] These radioactive molecules are promising probes to uncover new physics. [17] [18]

Related Research Articles

Isotope separation is the process of concentrating specific isotopes of a chemical element by removing other isotopes. The use of the nuclides produced is varied. The largest variety is used in research. By tonnage, separating natural uranium into enriched uranium and depleted uranium is the largest application. In the following text, mainly uranium enrichment is considered. This process is crucial in the manufacture of uranium fuel for nuclear power plants and is also required for the creation of uranium-based nuclear weapons. Plutonium-based weapons use plutonium produced in a nuclear reactor, which must be operated in such a way as to produce plutonium already of suitable isotopic mix or grade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antihydrogen</span> Exotic particle made of an antiproton and positron

Antihydrogen is the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen. Whereas the common hydrogen atom is composed of an electron and proton, the antihydrogen atom is made up of a positron and antiproton. Scientists hope that studying antihydrogen may shed light on the question of why there is more matter than antimatter in the observable universe, known as the baryon asymmetry problem. Antihydrogen is produced artificially in particle accelerators.

Yang Fujia was a Chinese nuclear physicist. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a renowned nuclear physicist and a Chancellor of the University of Nottingham, England. He was President of the University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ISOLDE</span> Physics facility at CERN

The ISOLDE Radioactive Ion Beam Facility, is an on-line isotope separator facility located at the centre of the CERN accelerator complex on the Franco-Swiss border. Created in 1964, the ISOLDE facility started delivering radioactive ion beams (RIBs) to users in 1967. Originally located at the Synchro-Cyclotron (SC) accelerator, the facility has been upgraded several times most notably in 1992 when the whole facility was moved to be connected to CERN's ProtonSynchroton Booster (PSB). ISOLDE is currently the longest-running facility in operation at CERN, with continuous developments of the facility and its experiments keeping ISOLDE at the forefront of science with RIBs. ISOLDE benefits a wide range of physics communities with applications covering nuclear, atomic, molecular and solid-state physics, but also biophysics and astrophysics, as well as high-precision experiments looking for physics beyond the Standard Model. The facility is operated by the ISOLDE Collaboration, comprising CERN and sixteen (mostly) European countries. As of 2019, close to 1,000 experimentalists around the world are coming to ISOLDE to perform typically 50 different experiments per year.

Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to fragment molecules in the gas phase usually for structural analysis of the original (parent) molecule.

Rydberg ionization spectroscopy is a spectroscopy technique in which multiple photons are absorbed by an atom causing the removal of an electron to form an ion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of mass spectrometry</span>

The history of mass spectrometry has its roots in physical and chemical studies regarding the nature of matter. The study of gas discharges in the mid 19th century led to the discovery of anode and cathode rays, which turned out to be positive ions and electrons. Improved capabilities in the separation of these positive ions enabled the discovery of stable isotopes of the elements. The first such discovery was with the element neon, which was shown by mass spectrometry to have at least two stable isotopes: 20Ne and 22Ne. Mass spectrometers were used in the Manhattan Project for the separation of isotopes of uranium necessary to create the atomic bomb.

A radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) beam cooler is a device for particle beam cooling, especially suited for ion beams. It lowers the temperature of a particle beam by reducing its energy dispersion and emittance, effectively increasing its brightness (brilliance). The prevalent mechanism for cooling in this case is buffer-gas cooling, whereby the beam loses energy from collisions with a light, neutral and inert gas. The cooling must take place within a confining field in order to counteract the thermal diffusion that results from the ion-atom collisions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antiproton Decelerator</span> Particle storage ring at CERN, Switzerland

The Antiproton Decelerator (AD) is a storage ring at the CERN laboratory near Geneva. It was built from the Antiproton Collector (AC) to be a successor to the Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) and started operation in the year 2000. Antiprotons are created by impinging a proton beam from the Proton Synchrotron on a metal target. The AD decelerates the resultant antiprotons to an energy of 5.3 MeV, which are then ejected to one of several connected experiments.

Atomic Spectroscopy and Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons (ASACUSA), AD-3, is an experiment at the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN. The experiment was proposed in 1997, started collecting data in 2002 by using the antiprotons beams from the AD, and will continue in future under the AD and ELENA decelerator facility.

The Synchro-Cyclotron, or Synchrocyclotron (SC), built in 1957, was CERN’s first accelerator. It was in circumference and provided for CERN's first experiments in particle and nuclear physics. It accelerated particles to energies up to 600 MeV. The foundation stone of CERN was laid at the site of the Synchrocyclotron by the first Director-General of CERN, Felix Bloch. After its remarkably long 33 years of service time, the SC was decommissioned in 1990. Nowadays it accepts visitors as an exhibition area in CERN.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Resonance ionization</span> Process to excite an atom beyond its ionization potential to form an ion

Resonance ionization is a process in optical physics used to excite a specific atom beyond its ionization potential to form an ion using a beam of photons irradiated from a pulsed laser light. In resonance ionization, the absorption or emission properties of the emitted photons are not considered, rather only the resulting excited ions are mass-selected, detected and measured. Depending on the laser light source used, one electron can be removed from each atom so that resonance ionization produces an efficient selectivity in two ways: elemental selectivity in ionization and isotopic selectivity in measurement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CERN-MEDICIS</span>

CERN-MEDical Isotopes Collected from ISOLDE (MEDICIS) is a facility located in the Isotope Separator Online DEvice (ISOLDE) facility at CERN, designed to produce high-purity isotopes for developing the practice of patient diagnosis and treatment. The facility was initiated in 2010, with its first radioisotopes (terbium-155) produced on 12 December 2017.

Sylvain Liberman was a French physicist, specializing in atomic physics and laser spectroscopy. He is known as the leader of the scientific team that made the first measurements of the optical spectrum of francium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COLLAPS experiment</span>

The COLinear LAser SPectroscopy (COLLAPS) experiment is located in the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The purpose of the experiment is to investigate ground and isomeric state properties of exotic, short lived nuclei, including spins, electro-magnetic moments and charge radii. The experiment has been operating since the late 1970s, and is the oldest active experiment at ISOLDE.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ISOLDE Decay Station experiment</span>

The ISOLDE Decay Station (IDS) is a permanent experiment located in the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The purpose of the experiment is to measure decay properties of radioactive isotopes using spectroscopy techniques for a variety of applications, including nuclear engineering and astrophysics. The experimental setup has been operational since 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ISOLTRAP experiment</span>

The high-precision mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP experiment is a permanent experimental setup located at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The purpose of the experiment is to make precision mass measurements using the time-of-flight (ToF) detection technique. Studying nuclides and probing nuclear structure gives insight into various areas of physics, including astrophysics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MIRACLS experiment</span>

The Multi Ion Reflection Apparatus for Colinear Laser Spectroscopy (MIRACLS) is a permanent experiment setup being constructed at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The purpose of the experiment is to measure properties of exotic radioisotopes, from precise measurements of their hyperfine structure. MIRACLS will use laser spectroscopy for measurements, aiming to increase the sensitivity of the technique by trapping ion bunches in an ion trap.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SEC experiment</span>

The Scattering Experiments Chamber (SEC) experiment is a permanent experimental setup located in the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The station facilitates diversified reaction experiments, especially for studying low-lying resonances in light atomic nuclei via transfer reactions. SEC does not detect gamma radiation, and therefore is complementary to the ISOLDE Solenoidal Spectrometer (ISS) and Miniball experiments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VITO experiment</span>

The Versatile Ion polarisation Technique Online (VITO) experiment is a permanent experimental setup located in the ISOLDE facility at CERN, in the form of a beamline. The purpose of the beamline is to perform a wide range of studies using spin-polarised short-lived atomic nuclei. VITO uses circularly-polarised laser light to obtain polarised radioactive beams of different isotopes delivered by ISOLDE. These have already been used for weak-interaction studies, biological investigations, and more recently nuclear structure research. The beamline is located at the site of the former Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) beamline hosting ASPIC.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "CRIS | ISOLDE". isolde.web.cern.ch. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
  2. ↑ Flanagan, Kieran (April 2013). "CRIS: A New Sensitive Device for Laser Spectroscopy of Exotic Nuclei". Nuclear Physics News. 23 (2): 24–26. Bibcode:2013NPNew..23...24F. doi:10.1080/10619127.2013.793094. ISSN   1061-9127. S2CID   120041351.
  3. ↑ Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis, Michail; Reilly, Jordan R.; Koszorus, Agota; Wilkins, Shane G.; Lalanne, Louis; Geldhof, Sarina; Nichols, Miranda; Wang, Quanjun; Borne, Bram van den; Chorlton, David; Cocolios, Thomas E.; Flanagan, Kieran T.; Ruiz, Ronald F. Garcia; de Groote, Ruben; Hanstorp, Dag (March 2023). "Voltage scanning and technical upgrades at the Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy experiment". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 541: 86–89. arXiv: 2303.15312 . Bibcode:2023NIMPB.541...86A. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2023.04.054. S2CID   257766596.
  4. ↑ Marsh, B (2013). "Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Sources". CAS - CERN Accelerator School: Ion Sources. doi:10.5170/CERN-2013-007.203.
  5. ↑ Day Goodacre, T.; Billowes, J.; Binnersley, C. L.; Bissell, M. L.; Chrysalidis, K.; Cocolios, T. E.; de Groote, R. P.; Farooq-Smith, G. J.; Fedorov, D. V.; Fedosseev, V. N.; Flanagan, K. T.; Franchoo, S.; Garcia Ruiz, R. F.; Gins, W.; Heinke, R. (2018-12-01). "Radium ionization scheme development: The first observed autoionizing states and optical pumping effects in the hot cavity environment". Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. 150: 99–104. Bibcode:2018AcSpB.150...99D. doi: 10.1016/j.sab.2018.10.002 . ISSN   0584-8547. S2CID   105204354.
  6. ↑ Köster, U. (10 May 2001). "Resonance ionization laser ion sources". Nuclear Physics A. 701 (1–4): 441–451. doi:10.1016/S0375-9474(01)01625-6.
  7. ↑ Imgram, Phillip; König, Kristian; Krämer, Jörg; Ratajczyk, Tim; Maaß, Bernhard; Müller, Patrick; Sommer, Felix; Nörtershäuser, Wilfried (2020-03-30). "High-precision collinear laser spectroscopy at the Collinear Apparatus for Laser Spectroscopy and Applied Physics (COALA)". Hyperfine Interactions. 241 (1): 48. Bibcode:2020HyInt.241...48I. doi: 10.1007/s10751-019-1690-8 . ISSN   1572-9540. S2CID   254545818.
  8. ↑ Neugart, R. (1987), "Collinear Fast-Beam Laser Spectroscopy", Progress in Atomic Spectroscopy, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 75–126, doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1857-6_2, ISBN   978-1-4612-9036-0 , retrieved 2023-07-14
  9. ↑ Maier, F. M.; Fischer, P.; Heylen, H.; Lagaki, V.; Lechner, S.; Plattner, P.; Sels, S.; Wienholtz, F.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Schweikhard, L.; Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S. (Dec 2019). "Simulations of a proof-of-principle experiment for collinear laser spectroscopy within a multi-reflection time-of-flight device". Hyperfine Interactions. 240 (1): 54. Bibcode:2019HyInt.240...54M. doi:10.1007/s10751-019-1575-x. ISSN   0304-3843. S2CID   254550467.
  10. 1 2 Cocolios, T. E.; Al Suradi, H. H.; Billowes, J.; Budinčević, I.; de Groote, R. P.; De Schepper, S.; Fedosseev, V. N.; Flanagan, K. T.; Franchoo, S.; Garcia Ruiz, R. F.; Heylen, H.; Le Blanc, F.; Lynch, K. M.; Marsh, B. A.; Mason, P. J. R. (2013-12-15). "The Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (CRIS) experimental setup at CERN-ISOLDE". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. XVIth International Conference on ElectroMagnetic Isotope Separators and Techniques Related to their Applications, December 2–7, 2012 at Matsue, Japan. 317: 565–569. Bibcode:2013NIMPB.317..565C. doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2013.05.088 . ISSN   0168-583X.
  11. 1 2 3 Procter, T J; Aghaei-Khozani, H; Billowes, J; Bissell, M L; Blanc, F Le; Cheal, B; Cocolios, T E; Flanagan, K T; Hori, H; Kobayashi, T; Lunney, D; Lynch, K M; Marsh, B A; Neyens, G; Papuga, J (2012-09-18). "Development of the CRIS (Collinear Resonant Ionisation Spectroscopy) beam line". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 381 (1): 012070. Bibcode:2012JPhCS.381a2070P. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/381/1/012070 . ISSN   1742-6588. S2CID   53655523.
  12. ↑ Khan, Muhammad Minhaj (26 August 2021). Integration of a Tape Roll for Decay Spectroscopy to Control the Build-Up of Background Radioactivity (Thesis). IMT Atlantique.
  13. ↑ "The CRIS Website". isolde-cris.web.cern.ch. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  14. ↑ Koszorús, Á; Yang, X. F.; Jiang, W. G.; Novario, S. J.; Bai, S. W.; Billowes, J.; Binnersley, C. L.; Bissell, M. L.; Cocolios, T. E.; Cooper, B. S.; de Groote, R. P.; Ekström, A.; Flanagan, K. T.; Forssén, C.; Franchoo, S. (April 2021). "Charge radii of exotic potassium isotopes challenge nuclear theory and the magic character of $N = 32$". Nature Physics. 17 (4): 439–443. arXiv: 2012.01864 . Bibcode:2021NatPh..17..439K. doi:10.1038/s41567-020-01136-5. ISSN   1745-2473. S2CID   234356572.
  15. ↑ Schulz, C; Arnold, E; Borchers, W; Neu, W; Neugart, R; Neuroth, M; Otten, E W; Scherf, M; Wendt, K; Lievens, P; Kudryavtsev, Y A; Letokhov, V S; Mishin, V I; Petrunin, V V (1991-11-28). "Resonance ionization spectroscopy on a fast atomic ytterbium beam". Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. 24 (22): 4831–4844. Bibcode:1991JPhB...24.4831S. doi:10.1088/0953-4075/24/22/020. ISSN   0953-4075. S2CID   250857276.
  16. ↑ "Summer Student takes ISOLDE by surprise". CERN. 2023-06-28. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
  17. 1 2 Ruiz, R. F. Garcia; Berger, R.; Billowes, J.; Binnersley, C. L.; Bissell, M. L.; Breier, A. A.; Brinson, A. J.; Chrysalidis, K.; Cocolios, T.; Cooper, B.; Flanagan, K. T.; Giesen, T. F.; de Groote, R. P.; Franchoo, S.; Gustafsson, F. P. (2020-05-28). "Spectroscopy of short-lived radioactive molecules: A sensitive laboratory for new physics". Nature. 581 (7809): 396–400. arXiv: 1910.13416 . doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2299-4. ISSN   0028-0836. PMC   7334132 . PMID   32461650.
  18. ↑ Arrowsmith-Kron, Gordon; Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis, Michail; Au, Mia; et al. (2024). "Opportunities for fundamental physics research with radioactive molecules". Reports on Progress in Physics. 87 (8). arXiv: 2302.02165 . Bibcode:2024RPPh...87h4301A. doi:10.1088/1361-6633/ad1e39. PMID   38215499.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.