Cagles Mill Lake

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Cagles Mill Lake
Cagles Mill Lake IN.jpg
Cagles Mill Lake as seen from dam. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers photo.
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Cagles Mill Lake
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Cagles Mill Lake
Location Owen / Putnam counties, Indiana, United States [1]
Coordinates 39°27′52″N86°52′58″W / 39.4644628°N 86.8829156°W / 39.4644628; -86.8829156 [2]
Type reservoir
Primary inflows Mill Creek
Primary outflows Mill Creek ( 39°30′00″N86°56′13″W / 39.500°N 86.937°W / 39.500; -86.937 (confluence of Mill Creek and Deer Creek) )
Basin  countries United States
Surface area1,400 acres (570 ha) [3]
Water volume228,120 acre⋅ft (0.28138 km3) Peak 27,112 acre⋅ft (0.033442 km3) Normal
Surface elevation636 feet (194 m) [4]
Website http://www.in.gov/dnr/parklake/2960.htm

Cagles Mill Lake, also known as Cataract Lake [5] or Cagle's Mill Reservoir [6] or Lieber Reservoir, [1] is a reservoir located near Cataract, Indiana, in Lieber State Recreation Area, [7] in west central Indiana on the borders of Putnam and Owen counties. [4] It was Indiana's first flood control reservoir. [7] [3]

Contents

Cagles Mill Dam is a flood control project of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), an earthen dam [4] that was dedicated on 1952-06-18 and completed in December 1953. [6] [1] Its purpose was to alleviate flood damage in the valleys of the Eel, the White, and the Wabash rivers. [4]

The Lake is alimented from the north by Mill Creek [7] and drains out through Mill Creek, once more. [5] Mill Creek flows into Deer Creek which in turn flows into the Eel River to its south, [5] which then makes its way to the White River. [4]

Mill Creek is named for a grist mill, Cagle Mill, that used to operate downstream of where the Lake now is. [7] [8] The mill itself was destroyed and rebuilt several times over the years, finally vanishing for good in 1975. [7] However, its low-level dam still exists. [7]

Near to the site of the mill are the Hoosier Highlands, a recreational area created in 1924, whose name was suggested by Indiana poet William Herschel. [8]

Dam and emergency spillway

The dam ( 39°29′13″N86°55′01″W / 39.487°N 86.917°W / 39.487; -86.917 (Cagles Mill Dam) ) is a 150 feet (46 m) high and 900 feet (270 m) long earth and rock fill structure located roughly 2 miles (3 km) upstream of Mill Creek mouth. [4] It impounds a maximum capacity of 390,731 acre-feet (481,960 Ml), and normal storage of 27,112 acre-feet (33,442 Ml). [1] Its maximum flood control area is 4,840 acres (1,960 ha). [1]

The gaging station (number 597) at Mill Creek near Manhattan ( 39°29′21″N86°55′49″W / 39.48917°N 86.93028°W / 39.48917; -86.93028 (Mill Creek gaging station) ) is 200 feet (61 m) downstream from the mill and 0.75 miles (1.21 km) downstream from the reservoir proper. [9] It has a drainage area of 292 square miles (760 km2) with a datum elevation of 581.83 feet (177.34 m) above mean sea level. [9] The mean rate of discharge measured over the period 1938 to 1950 was 283 cubic feet per second (8.0 kl/s). [9]

The emergency spillway for the lake is located on the north west of the lake ( 39°28′52″N86°54′50″W / 39.481°N 86.914°W / 39.481; -86.914 (Cataract Lake emergency spillway) ) [10] on the dam's left abutment, [4] and is a restricted access area maintained by the USACE. [10] It is 60 feet (18 m) deep and over 1,000 feet (300 m) long, [10] with a crest at 704 feet (215 m) above mean sea level. [4] Thus the lake has a maximum additional capacity of 201,000 acre-feet (248,000 Ml) for temporary flood run-off water. [4]

At the east end of the cut made for the spillway, Pleistocene rocks are exposed. [11] The cut is outwith the Wisconsinan glacial margin on a till plane. [12] It has been the subject of much study over the years, the exposed stratigraphy there proving useful to geologists for evidence of glaciation. [12]

The dam project, performed under authority of the Flood Control Act 1938, cost US$4,263,184(equivalent to $50,103,017 in 2024), US$106,813(equivalent to $1,255,318 in 2024) of which were non-federal funds for the construction of recreation facilities. [4]

Ravines and Winona H. Welch botanical area

Any water flowing down the spillway flows into the St Genevieve Ravine (which runs to 39°29′10″N86°55′12″W / 39.486°N 86.920°W / 39.486; -86.920 (mouth of St Genevieve Ravine) from 39°28′34″N86°55′16″W / 39.476°N 86.921°W / 39.476; -86.921 (St Genevieve Ravine head) ), which has a small rill running down it. [13] The ravine has woods on its westward side containing narrow-leaved spleenwort and Goldie fern. [13] Plants found here by Winona Hazel Welch include Asplenum pinnatifidum (a fern), Fontinalis novae-angliae var. latifola (an aquatic moss), and Pellia epiphylla (a liverwort). [13] The ravine used to be Hoosier Highlands property, but was no longer so by the end of the 1960s. [13]

The next ravine to the west ( 39°29′17″N86°55′34″W / 39.488°N 86.926°W / 39.488; -86.926 (Winona Welch Botanical Area) ) was named the Winona Welch Botanical Area. [13] It remained Hoosier Highlands property by the end of the 1960s, but at the time Welch explored the area both it and the St Genevieve Ravine were Hoosier Highlands property, and where her notes on the area refer to the Hoosier Highlands area they can be referring to either. [13]

Roads and waterfalls

Indiana State Road 42 once went through where Cataract Lake is now and currently has a new, entirely different route on the upper area from its original route.[ citation needed ]

Located on the lake are the state's largest waterfalls, the Cataract Falls ( 39°26′31″N86°49′08″W / 39.442°N 86.819°W / 39.442; -86.819 (Lower Cataract Falls) and 39°26′02″N86°48′47″W / 39.434°N 86.813°W / 39.434; -86.813 (Upper Cataract Falls) ). A main attraction to tourists on the lake is a bald eagle's nest, where the birds return every season.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Schnoebelen et al. 1999, p. 45.
  2. ↑ "Cagles Mill Lake". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved January 15, 2021.
  3. 1 2 Perrey & Corbett 1957, p. 13.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 USACE 1987, p. 47.
  5. 1 2 3 Higgs 2016, p. 47.
  6. 1 2 IMTA 1953, p. 16.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Higgs 2016, p. 138.
  8. 1 2 Baker 1995, p. 171, Hoosier Highlands.
  9. 1 2 3 Wells 1957, p. 603.
  10. 1 2 3 Hasenmueller & Bleuer 1987, p. 349.
  11. ↑ Hasenmueller & Bleuer 1987, p. 82.
  12. 1 2 Hasenmueller & Bleuer 1987, p. 351.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lindsey, Schmelz & Nichols 1969a, p. 567.

Bibliography

  • Higgs, Steven (2016). A Guide to Natural Areas of Southern Indiana: 119 Unique Places to Explore. Indiana Natural Science. Indiana University Press. ISBN   9780253020987.
  • Baker, Ronald L. (1995). From Needmore to Prosperity: Hoosier place names in folklore and history. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN   9780253328663.
  • Hasenmueller, Walter A.; Bleuer, N. K. (1987). "Cataract Lake emergency spillway, southwestern Indiana". In Biggs, Donald L. (ed.). North-Central Section of the Geological Society of America. Decade of North American Geology, Centennial Field Guide. Vol. 3. Geological Society of America. ISBN   9780813754031.
  • Lindsey, Alton Anthony; Schmelz, Damian Vincent; Nichols, Stanley A. (1969a). "Appendix". Natural Areas in Indiana and Their Preservation. Indiana Natural Areas Survey, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University. ISBN   9781883362072.
  • "Cagle's Mill Reservoir". The Fifth Wheel. Vol. 9. Indiana Motor Truck Association. 1953.
  • Water Resources Development by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in Indiana. United States Army Corps of Engineers. 1987.
  • Schnoebelen, Douglas J.; Fenelon, Joseph M.; Baker, Nancy T.; Martin, Jeffrey D.; Bayless, E. Randall; Jacques, David V.; Crawford, Charles G. (1999). Environmental setting and natural factors and human influences affecting water quality in the White River Basin, Indiana. Water-Resources Investigations Report. Vol. 97–4260. doi:10.3133/wri974260.
  • Perrey, Joseph Irving; Corbett, Don Melvin (1957). Hydrology of Indiana Lakes. Geological Survey Water-supply Papers. Vol. 1363. United States Geological Survey. doi:10.3133/wsp1363.
  • Wells, J. V. B. (1957). Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States through September 1950; part 3-A. Ohio River Basin except Cumberland and Tennessee River Basins. Geological Survey Water-supply Papers. Vol. 1305. United States Geological Survey. doi:10.3133/wsp1305.

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