Call Equiname

Last updated
Call Equiname
SireBelfort
GrandsireTyrant
DamCherry Season
Damsire Silly Season
Sex Gelding
Foaled28 May 1990 [1]
CountryUnited Kingdom
Colour Grey
BreederMrs L Steele
OwnerKaren McLintock
Paul Barber et al
TrainerDon Eddy
Paul Nicholls
Record21: 11-3-2
Earnings£176,866
Major wins
Kennel Gate Novices' Hurdle (1995)
Victor Chandler Chase (1999)
Queen Mother Champion Chase (1999)

Call Equiname (foaled 28 May 1990) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse who competed under National Hunt rules. In a racing career frequently interrupted by injury he raced twenty-one times in eight seasons, winning eleven races. Despite an undistinguished pedigree, he showed promise in his early career, winning the Kennel Gate Novices' Hurdle in 1995. He reached his peak in the spring of 1999 when he won the Victor Chandler Chase and the Queen Mother Champion Chase. He was retired from racing in January 2001.

Contents

Background

Call Equiname was a grey gelding bred in the United Kingdom by Mrs L Steele. He was by far the most notable horse sired by Belfort, a moderate racehorse and an obscure breeding stallion. Call Equinames dam, Cherry Season, won one minor race from fifteen starts in 1982 and 1983. [2]

As a yearling, Call Equiname was sent to the Doncaster bloodstock sale in September 1991 and bought for 1,500 guineas by Don Eddy acting on behalf of Karen McLintock. [3] Although it was originally intended to use the horse for dressage, [4] he was trained for racing by Eddy at his stable at Black Heddon, Northumberland. According to the Encyclopedia of British Horse Racing, Equiname was a company set up to allow advertisers to name a horse without actually buying one and Call Equiname was intended to act as their "mobile advertisement". [5]

Throughout his racing career, Call Equiname's efforts were compromised by a series of injury problems: the Racing Post described him as having "legs like glass and a heart of oak". [6]

Racing career

1993/1994 season: National Hunt flat races

Call Equiname made his racecourse debut in a National Hunt Flat race at Musselburgh Racecourse on 7 January 1994. Starting at odds of 5/1 in a fourteen-runner field he accelerated clear of his opponents in the last three furlongs to win by fifteen lengths from Benbeath. After finishing second when favourite for a similar event at Doncaster Racecourse three weeks later he ended his first season in a National Hunt flat race at Ayr Racecourse in April. Starting the 7/4 favourite, he led from the start and won by six lengths from Sparky Gayle. [7]

In May 1994 Call Equiname was sent back to the Doncaster sales and was bought for 64,000 guineas by Paul Nicholls who moved the gelding to his stable in Somerset. [8] For the remainder of his racing career, Call Equiname was owned by Paul Barber in a variety of partnerships. In his early days at Nicholls's yard Call Equiname was extremely aggressive: according to Robin Oakley he was "almost certainly responsible" for the death of the highly promising chaser See More Indians (winner of the Feltham Novices' Chase) who was euthanised after his leg was "shattered" by a kick from Call Equiname. [9]

1994/1995 & 1995/1996 seasons: Novice hurdles

On 28 October 1994, Call Equiname made his first appearance as a hurdler in a novice event at Wetherby Racecourse. He jumped poorly and finished fourth of the nineteen runners behind Callisoe Bay. On his only other appearance of the season, he started favourite for a similar even at Newbury Racecourse in March but was beaten four lengths by the 66/1 outsider Raqib. [10]

Having failed to win in the previous season, Call Equiname was still eligible to compete in novice hurdle events in the 1995/1996 campaign and had his most active season, racing seven times and ridden in all of his races by Tony McCoy. On 30 September 1995, he recorded his first win over obstacles when winning at Chepstow Racecourse, beating Speedwell Prince by half a length. He was then matched against more experienced hurdlers in a handicap race at the same course in November and finished unplaced behind Lightening Lad under top weight of 167 pounds. A week later, the gelding was then moved up in class for the Grade 2 Flowers Fine Ales Novices' Hurdle and finished second of the twelve runners behind the Josh Gifford-trained Mandy's Mantino. On 1 December, Call Equiname conceded ten pounds to nine opponents in a novices' event at Sandown Park Racecourse and won by four lengths from Crack On. Two weeks later Call Equiname started the 7/4 favourite for the Kennel Gate Novices' Hurdle at Ascot Racecourse. McCoy sent the favourite into the lead at the second last flight of hurdles and Call Equiname prevailed in a closely contested finish, winning by a neck and a short head from Speedwell Prince and Strong Promise. [11]

On 23 February 1996 Call Equiname started 4/7 favourite for a novices' handicap at Kempton Park Racecourse. Carrying top weight of 162 pounds he took the lead at the fourth hurdle and drew away from his rivals to win by twenty lengths from Peace Lord. In March, Call Equiname ran for the first time at the Cheltenham Festival when he contested the Supreme Novices' Hurdle and started 10/1 fourth choice in the betting behind Castle Sweep, Kimanicky and Dance Beat. He was never in contention and finished eleventh of the twenty-seven runners behind the Jenny Pitman-trained Indefence.

1996/1997 season: Novice chases

In the 1996/1997 season Call Equiname was campaigned in novice steeplechases and was unbeaten in an abbreviated campaign which comprised only two races. At Chepstow on 5 October he was ridden by Richard Dunwoody and started at odds of 4/5 for a two and a half mile novices' event. He won by eighteen lengths from Sonic Star, the only one of his three opponents to complete the course. Three weeks later in a similar event at Worcester Racecourse he was reunited with McCoy and won by one and a half lengths from Fine Thyne at odds of 8/13. [12]

1997/1998 & 1998/1999 seasons: Steeplechases

On his only appearance of the 1997/1998 season, Call Equiname was matched against more experienced chasers in the Mitsubishi Shogun Trophy Handicap Chase at Chaltenham on 14 November 1997. Ridden by Timmy Murphy, he took the lead at the second last fence and won by a length from Time Won't Wait. [13]

When Call Equiname appeared for the Victor Chandler Chase at Kempton on 23 January 1999 he was running for only the second time in more than twenty-six months. Ridden by Robert Thornton he started at odds of 15/2 in a seven runner field. After being restrained by Thornton in the early stages he made progress from the seventh fence and took the lead from the favourite Get Real at the final fence. Get Real regained the advantage on the run-in, but Call Equiname rallied to retake the lead in the final strides to win by a neck. [14]

On 17 March, three years after his previous appearance at the Festival, Call Equiname returned to Cheltenham to contest the Queen Mother Champion Chase. Ridden for the first time by Mick Fitzgerald, who was given the ride ahead of the less experienced table jockey Joe Tizzard he started the 7/2 second favourite behind Edredon Bleu in a thirteen runner field. The other contenders included Papillon, Direct Route (1998 Tingle Creek Trophy), Hill Society, Ask Tom (1997 Tingle Creek Trophy), Celibate (Game Spirit Chase), Mulligan (Arkle Novice Chase) and Or Royal (Arkle Challenge Trophy). Fitzgerald positioned the gelding towards the middle of the closely bunched field as Edredon Bleu set the pace. He jumped the second last in fourth but then made rapid progress on the rail on the final turn and entered the straight in second place before moving up to challenge the favourite at the final fence. Call Equiname overhauled Edredon Bleu a hundred yards from the finish and won by one and a quarter lengths, with Direct Route a further three and a half lengths back in third place. [15] After the race Fitzgerald said "Any race here is good but when you win them they're even better. He was fantastic but he was stopping in front". [16] Commenting on the horse's chronic leg problems, Nicolls said "Call Equiname has given us plenty of headaches and has been pin-fired, bar-fired and implanted." [17] On the same subject, one of his co-owners said: "We bought him as a four-year-old, he's now nine and he's had bad shins for the last five years". [6]

Call Equiname started the 11/10 favourite for the Melling Chase at Aintree Racecourse in April but after a making a jumping error at the fourth last fence he sustained his first defeat in over three years as he finished third behind Direct Route and Mulligan.

Later career

In November 1999 Call Equiname carried top weight of 164 pounds in the Murphy's Gold Cup over two and a half miles at Cheltenham and started the 3/1 favourite. He was never in contention and was tailed off when pulled up by Fitgerald four fences from the finish. According to the racecourse vet the horse was "distressed" after the race [18] and was found to be suffering from an irregular heartbeat. [19] When carrying 168 pounds in a handicap over the same course and distance in December, the gelding weakened badly in the closing stages and finished last of the four runners, again ending the race in a distressed condition. After a break of over ten months, Call Equiname returned in the Haldon Gold Cup at Exeter Racecourse on 31 October 2000 and finished third behind Bellator and Upgrade.

Retirement

In January 2001 Call Equiname was retired from racing. Nicholls commented "On his day he was top-notch. He has been a great servant to us and a privilege to train, even if he has suffered from recurring injury problems". [20]

Pedigree

Pedigree of Call Equiname (GB), grey gelding, 1990 [1]
Sire
Belfort (FR)
1977		Tyrant (USA)
1966		 Bold Ruler Nasrullah
Miss Disco
Anadem My Babu
Anne of Essex
Belle de Retz (IRE)
1962		 Gilles de Retz Royal Charger
Ma Soeur Anne
Abracadabra Abernant
Malcolmia
Dam
Cherry Season (GB)
1980		Silly Season (USA)
1962		 Tom Fool Menow
Gaga
Double Deal Straight Deal
Nonats
Tudor Gus (GB)
1971		Gustav Grey Sovereign
Gamesmistress
Tudor Garth Tudor Minstrel
Cherrygarth (Family: 1-t)

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Imperial Call</span> Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse

Imperial Call was an Irish racehorse. He was a specialist steeplechaser who ran thirty-two times and won sixteen races under National Hunt rules. After showing promise as a hurdler and novice chaser, Imperial Call emerged as a top-class jumper with a win in the Hennessy Gold Cup in February 1996. A month later, he became the first Irish-trained horse for ten years to win Britain's most prestigious steeplechase, the Cheltenham Gold Cup. His subsequent career was disrupted by injury problems but he won further major races including the Punchestown Chase in 1998 and the Punchestown Gold Cup in 1999. Unlike most modern racehorses, Imperial Call was not a Thoroughbred.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silviniaco Conti</span> French racehorse

Silviniaco Conti was a French-bred, British-trained Selle Français racehorse who competed in National Hunt races. After winning several important races over hurdles he emerged as a leading long-distance steeplechaser in 2012. After winning both his races in his native country, the horse won his first three races in England, culminating with a success in the two and a half mile Ascot Hurdle. After running poorly over shorter distances he was ruled out of a bid for the Champion Hurdle and was switched to steeplechasing. In his first season as a chaser he won the Mildmay Novices' Chase and finished second in a strong renewal of the Feltham Chase. In the 2012/2013 season he won the Charlie Hall Chase, Betfair Chase and Denman Chase and in the following season he was rated the best jumper in Britain and Ireland after wins in the King George VI Chase and Betfred Bowl. In the 2014/2015 season he recorded repeat victories in the Betfair Chase, King George VI Chase and Betfred Bowl but failed when favourite for the Cheltenham Gold Cup. In the following season he was beaten in his first three races but returned to form in February to win the Grade One Ascot Chase by 20 lengths.

Albertas Run was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse who competed in National Hunt races. He won two National Hunt Flat races and became a successful hurdler, winning the National Hunt Novices' Handicap Hurdle Final and the John Smith's Extra Cold Handicap Hurdle in 2007. He became more successful as a Steeplechaser, winning four Grade I races: the Royal and SunAlliance Chase, the Melling Chase and two runnings of the Ryanair Chase. His other wins included the Reynoldstown Novices' Chase, the Amlin 1965 Chase and the Old Roan Chase.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trabolgan</span> Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse

Trabolgan is a retired, Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse who competed in National Hunt racing. In a racing career which was seriously disrupted by injuries and other health problems, he won five times from seventeen starts between December 2002 and March 2010. After showing promising, but unremarkable form in his early career he showed great improvement when switched to steeplechasing in the autumn of 2004. In March 2005 at Cheltenham Racecourse he won the Grade I Royal & SunAlliance Chase, one of the season's most prestigious races for Novice chasers. On his next appearance in November 2005, he won the Hennessy Cognac Gold Cup under the biggest weights carried to victory in the race for twenty years. At the time, he was regarded as one of the best steeplechasers in training, but he never won again: he missed the next three years with injury and failed to recover his form when returning to the track.

Rule Supreme is a retired, Irish Thoroughbred racehorse who competed in National Hunt racing. During a racing career which lasted from May 2001 until December 2009 he won eleven of his forty-six races and was placed on nineteen occasions. He showed some promise in his early career but emerged as a top-class performer in 2004 when he won the Royal & SunAlliance Chase at Cheltenham Racecourse in England and the Grande Course de Haies d'Auteuil at Auteuil Hippodrome in France. In the following year he won the Hennessy Gold Cup at Leopardstown Racecourse in Ireland. After his career in National Hunt races was ended by injury he had some success on the amateur Point-to-point circuit.

Back In Front is a retired, Irish Thoroughbred racehorse who competed in National Hunt racing. The gelding showed early promise in National Hunt Flat races, winning twice and finishing third in an exceptionally strong renewal of the Champion Bumper. He was one of the leading novice hurdlers in the 2003–04 season, winning four races including the Supreme Novices' Hurdle in England and the Evening Herald Champion Novice Hurdle in Ireland. In the following season he won the Morgiana Hurdle and was regarded as a Champion Hurdle contender before being sidelined by injury. Back In Front won the Bula Hurdle in 2004 but ran poorly when joint-favourite for the Champion Hurdle in 2005. He had little success when switched to steeplechasing and was retired in 2007, having won eleven of his twenty-five races.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pineau de Re</span> French-bred racehorse

Pineau de Re is a French-bred, British-trained AQPS racehorse best known for winning the 2014 Grand National.

Teeton Mill was a British Thoroughbred racehorse who competed under National Hunt rules. He originally competed in hunter chases, which are confined to horses who have taken part in fox hunting, and won five of his first six races. When moved into open competition he won four consecutive races including the Badger Beer Chase, Hennessy Gold Cup, King George VI Chase and the Ascot Chase before sustaining a career-ending injury in the 1999 Cheltenham Gold Cup.

Martha's Son was a British Thoroughbred racehorse who competed under National Hunt rules. After competing in minor hurdle events for the first two years of his racing career, he demonstrated dramatic improvement when switched to steeplechasing, winning nine consecutive races including the Peterborough Chase, Victor Chandler Chase and Comet Chase. He returned after a long injury lay-off to produce his best form as a ten-year-old in the spring of 1997, defeating strong fields in both the Queen Mother Champion Chase and the Melling Chase. His veteran trainer Tim Forster regarded him as the best horse he had ever trained. Martha's Son was retired from racing after failing to recover from serious muscular injuries in a race in November 1997. He died in May 1999.

Klairon Davis was a French-bred, Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse who competed under National Hunt rules. In a racing career which lasted from April 1993 and May 2001, he won twenty of his fifty-four races and was placed on sixteen occasions. After beginning in National Hunt Flat races he competed over hurdles winning the Punchestown Champion Novice Hurdle in 1994. In the following season he raced in novice chases and recorded major wins in the Dennys Gold Medal Chase, Arkle Novice Chase and Arkle Challenge Trophy. In 1996 he had his biggest success when taking the Queen Mother Champion Chase and followed up in the BMW Handicap Chase. He was never as good again, but won a second BMW Chase in 1997 and took the Normans Grove Chase in 1998, 1999 and 2001 before retiring at the age of twelve. During his career he had sustained rivalries with the leading Irish jumpers Sound Man and Merry Gale.

Deep Sensation was a British Thoroughbred racehorse who competed under National Hunt rules. He ran in six consecutive Cheltenham Festivals and is best known for his win in the 1993 Queen Mother Champion Chase. In his first three seasons he was campaigned in hurdle races, recording his most notable success in the 1990 Tote Gold Trophy. When switched to larger obstacles he was one of the leading novice steeplechasers of 1991/1992, winning the Lightning Novices' Chase and the Nottinghamshire Novices' Chase. He reached his peak in the following season, when he took the H & T Walker Gold Cup, the Queen Mother Champion Chase and the Melling Chase. He never won another major race but recorded two minor wins and was placed in several important chases over the next two years. He was retired from racing after a narrow defeat in the 1995 Melling Chase after winning thirteen of his forty-nine races and being placed on twenty-one occasions. He died in November 2003 at the age of eighteen.

Remittance Man was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse who competed under National Hunt rules. He was noted for his consistency, excellent jumping and nervous temperament. Between December 1988 and April 1990 he competed in hurdle races, and showed promise by winning two of his twelve races including the Grade 2 Bristol Novices' Hurdle and never finishing worse than third. When switched to compete in steeplechases he showed immediate improvement and won thirteen of his first fourteen races over fences. In his first season of steeplechasing his wins included the Noel Novices' Chase, Wayward Lad Novices' Chase, Galloway Braes Novices' Chase and Arkle Challenge Trophy. He had his greatest success in the 1991/1992 season when he won the Arlington Premier Chase, Queen Mother Champion Chase and Melling Chase. In the following autumn he won the Desert Orchid Chase and the Peterborough Chase but then sustained a serious tendon injury. He won his comeback race in February 1994 but was beaten in his three remaining races.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dodging Bullets</span> British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse

Dodging Bullets is a British Thoroughbred racehorse, best known for his performances in National Hunt races. Bred by the leading jockey Frankie Dettori he had a flat racing career of limited importance, winning two minor races from nine starts as a three-year-old in 2011. He showed better form when switched to hurdles, winning the Sharp Novices' Hurdle in 2012. He proved even better when he began to compete in steeplechases, winning the November Novices' Chase and the Wayward Lad Novices' Chase in 2013. In the 2014/2015 National Hunt season he emerged as one of the best chasers in Britain, recording three consecutive Grade 1 wins in the Tingle Creek Chase, Clarence House Chase and Queen Mother Champion Chase.

Princeful was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse who competed in National Hunt racing. After showing useful form in his early career, winning two National Hunt Flat races and a novice hurdle, he improved through the handicap ranks in the 1997/1998 National Hunt season before recording an upset win in the Stayers' Hurdle. He looked better than ever in the following year, winning the Long Distance Hurdle and the Long Walk Hurdle, but was brought down and badly injured in his first and only appearance in a steeplechase. He never recovered his best form thereafter and was retired from racing in 2002 with a record of seven wins and three places from eighteen races.

Anzum was a British Thoroughbred racehorse best known for his performances in National Hunt racing. After failing to win in eight races on the flat he made an immediate impact when switched to hurdle races, winning his first six races over obstacles including the Summit Junior Hurdle and taking third place in the Triumph Hurdle. After winning only once in the next three years he established himself as a leading staying hurdler in 1999 with wins in the Stayers' Hurdle, Champion Stayers Hurdle and Long Walk Hurdle. He ran his last race in April 2001 and was retired with a record of ten wins and fourteen places from thirty-two starts.

Karshi was a British Thoroughbred racehorse best known for his performances in National Hunt racing. He was a moderate performer on the flat, winning one minor event in eleven attempts, but showed improved form when tried over hurdles despite recurring injury problems. In his first season over obstacles he won two novice races and finished third in the Sun Alliance Novices' Hurdle. In the following season he won the Lonesome Glory Hurdle and recorded his most important victory when winning the Stayers' Hurdle at odds of 20/1. He also produced several good performances under big weights in handicap races and won his only race over fences before leg injuries ended his racing career.

Cyborgo was a French-bred, British-trained AQPS racehorse. A full-brother to Hors La Loi III he began his racing career in his native country before being transferred to England to compete in National Hunt racing. In his first season in Britain he won two of his six races over hurdles including the Mersey Novices' Hurdle. In the following year he won five consecutive races including the Rendlesham Hurdle before finishing second in the Stayers' Hurdle and then returned after a twelve-month absence to win the Stayers' Hurdle at the second attempt in 1996. When Cyborgo began to compete in steeplechases in 1997 he won four of his first five races including Mildmay Novices' Chase but never won again. He was retired from professional racing 1999 and died two years later at the age of eleven. Cyborgo was noted for his front-running style and produced many of his best performances on soft or heavy going.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charter Party (horse)</span> Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse

Charter Party was an Irish-bred British-trained thoroughbred racehorse, best known for his win in the 1988 Cheltenham Gold Cup. He overcame persistent injury problems to win twelve races under National Hunt rules. He showed promise as a hurdler and as a Novice steeplechaser before recording his first major win in the 1986 National Hunt Handicap Chase. As a ten-year-old in 1988 he defeated Desert Orchid in the Gainsborough Chase, before taking the Gold Cup at Cheltenham in March. He never won again, but produced a fine effort to finish third on heavy ground in the 1989 Gold Cup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thistlecrack</span> British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse

Thistlecrack is a British Thoroughbred racehorse who competes in National Hunt races. Unraced until he was five years old, he recorded his first win in a National Hunt Flat race in 2014. In the 2014/15 National Hunt season he won two minor hurdle races before improving when tried over long distances and winning the Grade 1 Sefton Novices' Hurdle. In the following season he established himself as the best staying hurdler in Britain with wins in the Long Distance Hurdle, Long Walk Hurdle, Cleeve Hurdle, World Hurdle and Liverpool Hurdle. When switched to steeplechasing in the following season he made an immediate impact, taking the Worcester Novices' Chase before beating more experienced horses in the King George VI Chase. His later career was beset by injury problems and he never won again, being retired from racing in March 2021 at the age of thirteen.

Minella Times is a retired Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse who competed in National Hunt racing. In 2021, he won the Grand National under Rachael Blackmore, becoming the first horse ridden by a female jockey to win the race.

References

  1. 1 2 "Call Equiname pedigree". equineline.com.
  2. ↑ Timeform staff (1984). Racehorses of 1983. Timeform. ISBN   0-900599-40-5.
  3. ↑ "Doncaster bloodstock sale September 1991". Racing Post . Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
  4. ↑ "karen mclintock". karenmclintock.co.uk. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  5. ↑ Vamplew, Wray; Kay, Joyce (2005). Encyclopedia of British Horse Racing. Routledge. p. 203.
  6. 1 2 Graham Cunningham (18 March 1999). "Equiname has Champion call; Nicholls vindicated as Fitzgerald gets delicate grey home in a rousing finish". Racing Post. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  7. ↑ "Ayr NHF race result". Racing Post. 16 April 1994. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
  8. ↑ "Doncaster Bloodstock sale May 1994". Racing Post . Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
  9. ↑ Robin Oakley (2014). The Cheltenham Festival: A Centenary History. Aurum Books. ISBN   9781781313909 . Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  10. ↑ "Newbury novice hurdle result". Racing Post. 25 March 1995. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  11. ↑ "Kennel Gate Novices' Hurdle result". Racing Post. 16 December 1995. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  12. ↑ "Fred Rimell Memorial Novices Chase result". Racing Post. 26 October 1996.
  13. ↑ "Mitsubishi Shogun Trophy Handicap Chase result". Racing Post. 14 November 1997.
  14. ↑ "Victor Chandler Chase result". Racing Post. 23 January 1999. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  15. ↑ "Queen Mother Champion Chase result". Racing Post. 17 March 1999. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  16. ↑ "Call Equiname takes Champion Chase". BBC News. 17 March 1999. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  17. ↑ "Aintree bid next for Call Equiname". Coventry Evening Telegraph. 18 March 1999. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  18. ↑ "Murphy's Gold Cup result". Racing Post. 13 November 1999. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  19. ↑ "Racing: Equiname out to restore esteem". The Independent . 9 December 2000. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  20. ↑ Horse & Hound staff (26 January 2001). "Call Equiname retires". Horse & Hound . Retrieved 28 December 2014.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.