Camillien Houde

Last updated

KEEP CANADA BRITISH

DESTROY DREW'S HOUDE

GOD SAVE THE KING

(in later editions, the last line was changed to "VOTE ST. LAURENT"). [3]

Concurrent to his career in provincial and federal politics, Houde was mayor of Montreal from 1928 to 1932, from 1934 to 1936, from 1938 to 1940, and from 1944 to 1954.

World War II controversy

In 1939, Houde said that "French-Canadians are Fascists by blood", and stating that if there was a war between Britain and Fascist Italy, he would prefer to side with Italy. [4]

During World War II, Houde campaigned against conscription. On August 2, 1940, Houde publicly urged the men of Quebec to ignore the national registration measure introduced by the federal government. [5] Three days later, he was placed under arrest by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police on charges of sedition, and then confined without trial [6] in internment camps in Petawawa, Ontario and Ripples, New Brunswick for four years. Upon his release on August 18, 1944, he was greeted by a cheering crowd of 50,000 Montrealers, [7] and won back his job as Montreal mayor in 1944's civic election.

After the war, Houde signed a petition protesting Nazi collaborator Jacques de Bernonville's extradition to France. [8]

Honours

Houde was made Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur and Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1935 [9] and an Officer of the Order of St John in 1953. [10]

Headstone at Cimetiere Notre-Dame-des-Neiges CHoude.JPG
Headstone at Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges

Legacy

On his death in 1958, [11] Camillien Houde was interred in the Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges in Montreal, Quebec in an Italian marble replica of Napoleon's tomb.

Mayor Houde was a reform-minded mayor in the areas of patronage, unemployment, and organized crime. He was also responsible for some of the major public park improvements in Montreal including the park on Mont Royal with its man-made lake and park facilities. "Camilliennes" were public washrooms built by Houde during the Great Depression. [12]

After his death, Mayor Jean Drapeau named a new road over Mount Royal after Houde, an act many considered ironic, as Houde and many others had long opposed building roads over the city's famous mountain.

Other information

Mayor Houde threw a party for the then-new fellowship of Alcoholics Anonymous, which was described by Bill W in the book Alcoholics Anonymous Comes of Age as "probably the first official reception that any A.A. group ever had." [13]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maurice Duplessis</span> Premier of Quebec from 1936 to 1939 and 1944 to 1959

Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis, byname "Le Chef", was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 16th premier of Quebec. A conservative, nationalist, populist, anti-communist, anti-unionist and fervent Catholic, Duplessis and his party, the Union Nationale, dominated provincial politics from the 1920s to the 1950s. With a total of 18 years and 82 days in office, he remains the longest-serving premier in Quebec history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jean Drapeau</span> Quebec politician and mayor of Montreal (1916-1999)

Jean Drapeau was a Canadian politician who served as mayor of Montreal for 2 non-consecutive terms from 1954 to 1957 and from 1960 to 1986. Major accomplishments of the Drapeau Administration include the development of the Montreal Metro entirely underground mass transit subway system running on 'whisper quiet' rubber wheels, a successful international exposition Expo 67 as well as the construction of a major performing arts centre, the Place des Arts. Drapeau also secured the hosting of the 1976 Summer Olympics and was instrumental in building the Olympic Stadium and then world's tallest inclined tower. Drapeau was responsible for securing a Major League Baseball franchise, with the creation of the Montreal Expos in 1969. Drapeau's main legacy is Montreal's attainment of global status under his administration. He was the longest serving mayor of Montreal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of Quebec history (1931–1959)</span>

This section of the Timeline of Quebec history concerns the events relating to the province of Quebec, Canada between the Westminster statute and the "Quiet Revolution."

The Bloc populaire canadien, often shortened to the Bloc populaire or the Bloc, was a political party in the Canadian province of Quebec from 1942 to 1947. It was founded on September 8, 1942 by opponents of conscription during the Second World War. The party ran candidates at both federal and provincial levels. In the 1945 federal election, the party made a minor breakthrough by winning two seats in the House of Commons.

The 1944 Quebec general election was held on August 8, 1944 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Union Nationale, led by former premier Maurice Duplessis, defeated the incumbent Quebec Liberal Party, led by Adélard Godbout. This was the first Quebec provincial election in which women were allowed to vote, having been granted suffrage at the provincial level in 1941.

The 1939 Quebec general election was held on October 25, 1939, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Quebec Liberal Party, led by former premier Adélard Godbout, defeated the incumbent Union Nationale, led by Maurice Duplessis.

The 1931 Quebec general election was held on August 24, 1931, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Quebec Liberal Party, led by Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Conservative Party, led by Camillien Houde.

Charles Ernest Gault was a politician in Quebec, Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adhémar Raynault</span> Canadian politician

Adhémar Raynault was a Canadian politician and a Mayor of Montreal.

The Conservative Party of Quebec was a political party in Quebec, Canada, from 1867 until 1936, when it merged with members of the Action libérale nationale to form the Union Nationale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thérèse Casgrain</span> French-Canadian suffragist, politician and activist

Marie Thérèse Casgrain,, née Forget was a French Canadian feminist, reformer, politician and senator. She was a leader in the fight for women's right to vote in the province of Quebec, as well as the first woman to lead a political party in Canada. In her later life she opposed nuclear weapons and was a consumer activist. A strong federalist, one of her last political actions, at age 83, was to intervene on the "No" side in the 1980 Quebec sovereignty referendum.

Gaspard Fauteux, was a Canadian parliamentarian, Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada (1945–1949), and the 19th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (1950–1958).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Union Nationale (Quebec)</span> Former political party in Quebec, Canada

The Union nationale was a conservative and nationalist provincial political party in Quebec, Canada, that identified with Québécois autonomism. It was created during the Great Depression and held power in Quebec from 1936 to 1939, and from 1944 to 1960 and from 1966 to 1970. The party was founded by Maurice Duplessis, who led it until his death in 1959.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthur Cardin</span> Canadian politician

Pierre-Joseph-Arthur Cardin, also known as Arthur Cardin was a Canadian politician who quit the cabinet of William Lyon Mackenzie King over the issue of conscription.

Candide Rochefort was a politician Quebec, Canada and a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA).

Joseph Gauthier was a politician Quebec, Canada and a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA).

Charles Eugène Parent was a Liberal party and Independent Liberal member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Quebec City, Quebec and became a lawyer by career.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Arthur Mathewson</span> Canadian politician

James Arthur Mathewson was a Canadian politician.

Montréal–Sainte-Marie was a former provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of Quebec, Canada that elected members to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

References

  1. "Montreal Mayor Openly Anti-semitic at Discussion of Jewish School Question". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  2. Shawcross, William (2009). The Queen Mother . New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p.  458.
  3. Templeton, Charles (1983). "Inside the Toronto Star". Charles Templeton, an anecdotal memoir . Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. ISBN   0-77108545-1. OCLC   11158533.
  4. TIME (20 February 1939). "CANADA: Houde for Dictators". TIME. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  5. "Canadian Registration Act Defied by Montreal Mayor". St. Petersburg Times . 3 August 1940. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  6. "Lapointe Orders Houde Interned". Windsor Daily Star . 6 August 1940. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  7. "Houde say term threat to French". Montreal Gazette . 6 December 1944. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  8. "Canada: QUEBEC: Houde's Hero". Time. 20 September 1948. ISSN   0040-781X . Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  9. "No. 34119". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 January 1935. p. 11.
  10. "No. 39743". The London Gazette . 2 January 1953. p. 95.
  11. "Camillien Houde is Dead, 7-Time Mayor". Montreal Gazette . 12 September 1958. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  12. Montpetit, Jonathan (12 April 2017). "Public washrooms make comeback in Montreal, 85 years after Camillien Houde's make-work initiative". CBC News . Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  13. Alcoholics Anonymous Comes of Age, 1957, page 85.

Further reading

His Worship
Camillien Houde
Camillien Houde.jpg
Camillien Houde in 1930
34th Mayor of Montreal
In office
1928–1932
National Assembly of Quebec
Preceded by MLA for Montréal–Sainte-Marie
19231927
Succeeded by
Preceded by MLA for Montréal–Sainte-Marie
1928–1931
Succeeded by
Preceded by MLA for Montréal–Sainte-Marie
19391944
Succeeded by
Parliament of Canada
New constituency Member of Parliament for Papineau
1949–1953
Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Leader of the Quebec Conservative Party
1929–1932
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Leader of the Opposition in Quebec
1929–1931
Succeeded by
Preceded by Mayor of Montreal
1928–1932
Succeeded by
Preceded by Mayor of Montreal
1934–1936
Succeeded by
Preceded by Mayor of Montreal
1938–1940
Succeeded by
Preceded by Mayor of Montreal
1944–1954
Succeeded by