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The Thermodesulfobacteriota are a phylum of thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria.
Sulfur-reducing bacteria are microorganisms able to reduce elemental sulfur (S0) to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These microbes use inorganic sulfur compounds as electron acceptors to sustain several activities such as respiration, conserving energy and growth, in absence of oxygen. The final product or these processes, sulfide, has a considerable influence on the chemistry of the environment and, in addition, is used as electron donor for a large variety of microbial metabolisms. Several types of bacteria and many non-methanogenic archaea can reduce sulfur. Microbial sulfur reduction was already shown in early studies, which highlighted the first proof of S0 reduction in a vibrioid bacterium from mud, with sulfur as electron acceptor and H2 as electron donor. The first pure cultured species of sulfur-reducing bacteria, Desulfuromonas acetoxidans, was discovered in 1976 and described by Pfennig Norbert and Biebel Hanno as an anaerobic sulfur-reducing and acetate-oxidizing bacterium, not able to reduce sulfate. Only few taxa are true sulfur-reducing bacteria, using sulfur reduction as the only or main catabolic reaction. Normally, they couple this reaction with the oxidation of acetate, succinate or other organic compounds. In general, sulfate-reducing bacteria are able to use both sulfate and elemental sulfur as electron acceptors. Thanks to its abundancy and thermodynamic stability, sulfate is the most studied electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration that involves sulfur compounds. Elemental sulfur, however, is very abundant and important, especially in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, hot springs and other extreme environments, making its isolation more difficult. Some bacteria – such as Proteus, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas and Salmonella – have the ability to reduce sulfur, but can also use oxygen and other terminal electron acceptors.
Caldithrix is a genus of thermophilic and anaerobic bacteria, currently assigned to its own phylum.
Thermodesulfobacterium hydrogeniphilum is a species of Sulfate-reducing bacteria. It is thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, non-spore-forming, marine species, with type strain SL6T.
The Nautiliaceae are a family of bacteria placed in an order to itself, Nautiliales, or in the order Campylobacterales. The members of the family are all thermophilic. They are:
Caminibacter hydrogeniphilus is a species of thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium. It is anaerobic, rod-shaped, motile and has polar flagella. The type strain is AM1116T.
Nautilia lithotrophica is a thermophilic sulfur-reducing epsilon-proteobacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. It is strictly anaerobic, with type strain 525T.
Caminibacter profundus is a species of moderately thermophilic, microaerobic to anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium. It is a Gram-negative, non-motile rod, with type strain CRT.
Tepidibacter is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae.
Desulfurobacterium atlanticum is a thermophilic, anaerobic and chemolithoautotrophic bacterium from the family Aquificaceae. In 2006 it was isolated from marine hydrothermal systems and proposed to become a new bacterial species.
Caminibacter is a genus of anaerobic and thermophilic bacteria from the family Nautiliaceae.
Caloranaerobacter azorensis is a Gram-negative, thermophilic, anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic and motile bacterium from the genus of Caloranaerobacter which has been isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent from the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent site from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Tepidibacter formicigenes is a Gram-positive, spore-forming and anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Tepidibacter which has been isolated from hydrothermal vent fluid from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Vulcanibacillus is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae with one known species. Vulcanibacillus modesticaldus has been isolated from a hydrothermal vent from the Rainbow Vent Field.
Deferrisoma palaeochoriense is a thermophilic, anaerobic and mixotrophic bacterium from the genus of Deferrisoma which has been isolated from a hydrothermal vent from the Palaeochori Bay from Greece.
Nautilia abyssi is a thermophilic, sulfur-reducing and strictly anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Nautilia which has been isolated from a hydrothermal chimney from the East Pacific Rise.
Nautilia nitratireducens is a Gram-negative thermophilic, chemosynthetic, anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Nautilia which has been isolated from a hydrothermal vent from the East Pacific Rise.
Nitratiruptor sp. is a genus of deep sea gram-negative Campylobacterota isolated from Iheya North Hydrothermal field in Okinawa Trough (Japan). This rod-shaped microorganism grows chemolithoautotrophically in a wide variety of electron donors and acceptors in absence of light and oxygen. It is also a thermophilic group capable of growing within the range of 37–65 °C with the optimal at 55 °C.
Paramaledivibacter is a strictly anaerobic, slightly halophilic, non-spore-forming and moderately thermophilic genus of bacteria from the family of Clostridiaceae with one known species. Clostridium caminithermale has been reclassified to Paramaledivibacter caminithermalis. Paramaledivibacter caminithermalis has been isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent from the Atlantic Ocean Ridge.
Exiguobacterium profundum is a Gram-positive, halotolerant, facultative anaerobic, moderately thermophilic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Exiguobacterium which has been isolade from a hydrothermal vent from the East Pacific Rise.
References
- 1 2 "Caminibacter". LPSN .
- ↑ "Caminibacter mediatlanticus Taxon Passport - StrainInfo". www.straininfo.net.
- ↑ "Caminibacter mediatlanticus". www.uniprot.org.
- ↑ "Details: DSM-16658". www.dsmz.de.
- ↑ Voordeckers, JW; Starovoytov, V; Vetriani, C (March 2005). "Caminibacter mediatlanticus sp. nov., a thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, nitrate-ammonifying bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 55 (Pt 2): 773–9. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.63430-0 . PMID 15774661.
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