Canada–South Korea relations

Last updated
Canada–South Korea relations
Canada South Korea Locator.png
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg
Canada
Flag of South Korea.svg
South Korea

There are strong diplomatic relations between Canada and South Korea (Republic of Korea). Canadian soldiers participated in the defense of South Korea during the Korean War. Full diplomatic relations between Canada and South Korea were established on January 14, 1963. Canada has an embassy in Seoul, and a consulate in Busan. South Korea has an embassy in Ottawa and three Consulates-General, in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver. Both nations are full members of APEC, OECD and the G20.

Contents

History

Contact between Canada and the Republic of Korea date back to the 19th century when Canadians were some of the first Westerners to arrive on the Korean peninsula, a majority of whom were Christian missionaries, though they branched out into other fields of work. Rev. Canadian James S. Gale (1863-1937) created the Korean-English Dictionary which became the first and most essential tool for the scholarly study of Korea in the West; and did an independent translation of the Bible into the Korean language. Another Canadian, Dr. Oliver R. Avison, was the personal physician to King Kojong (1852-1919) and is considered the founder of modern medical knowledge in Korea. Dr. Frank Schofield, a British-born Canadian from Guelph, Ontario, played an important role in the liberation of Korea from the Japanese occupation. Schofield is the only westerner buried in the patriot section in Korea's National Cemetery. [1] Official contact began in 1947 when Canada participated in the United Nations Commission overseeing election in Korea, and Canada formally recognized the Republic of Korea in 1949.

When war broke out between North Korea and South Korea in 1950, Canada sent 26,971 military personnel to the Korean peninsula as part of a United Nations force, the third largest contingent behind the United States and the United Kingdom. Additionally, Canadians saw action in both naval and air forces with eight destroyers, 3,621 naval officers and men, twenty-two fighter pilots and several technical officers; whom were attached to the U.S. Fifth Air Force. Canada continued peacekeeping operations in Korea with the introduction of the Armistice Agreement. Due to the nature of the Korean War as the "Forgotten War", public awareness has been raised with the dedication of a national monument in 1997 - the Wall of Remembrance in Brampton, Ontario. [2] 516 Canadians died in the war and 378 Canadians lie buried in the United Nations Memorial Cemetery [3] in Busan.

In 2018, two Canadian nationals, Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor, were detained in China after being accused by the Chinese government of espionage and endangering national security. [4] On February 12, 2021, [5] Canada and 57 other nations, including the US, UK, Australia, Germany and Sweden, jointly signed a declaration condemning the use of arbitrarily detaining people for political purposes. In response, China called Canada’s action a “despicable and hypocritical act”. [6] The declaration was supported by 57 countries, though one historically democratic country not on the list of supporters is South Korea, which has been looking to build a stronger relationship with China. [7] On March 22, 2021, Michael Kovrig’s trial began in Beijing behind closed doors. [8]

Economic relations

The Canada-Korea Energy Forum has been held annually since 2009. [9]

Trade

In 2014, South Korea was the 7th largest destination for Canadian exports the 3rd largest in Asia. In December 2009, Canadian Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, traveled to Seoul on his Asian Tour. The two countries talked on opening further trade relations. Despite suggesting trade advancements in technology and resources, South Korea did not commit to a lifting of the ban on Canadian beef. In October 2011, Canadian Agriculture Minister Gerry Ritz stated that he felt confident that South Korea would reopen the South Korean market to Canadian beef by year's end. The ban has existed since 2003. [10]

Trade relations in the beef market have softened as of early 2012, ending the ban of imported beef. Canada continues to make significant strides in relations with Korea in many areas, including open free trade agreements. [11] [12]

On March 11, 2014, Prime Minister Stephen Harper and President Park Geun-hye announced that Canada and South Korea had concluded negotiations on the Canada–Korea Free Trade Agreement. [13] [14]

Canadian-South Korean bilateral trade reached (CAD) $21.9 billion in 2022. In the same year, Canadian export to South Korea were $8.7 billion, while South Korean exports to Canada reached $13.2 billion. [15] Canada's main exports to South Korea were mineral fuels and oils (crude), cereals, wood pulp, mineral ores and meat. South Korea's main exports to Canada were vehicles, electrical equipment, machinery, oils (not crude) and iron/steel. [16]

Investment

As of 2022, South Korea's cumulative investment in Canada amounted to $15.7 billion, Canada's cumulative investment in South Korea was $4.3 billion. [9]

Rejection of Marijuana Legalization

On October 22, 2018, the South Korean government snubbed Canada's legalization of recreational marijuana and warned South Korean citizens in the country that they must comply with South Korean law and will be arrested if they use or are in possession of recreational marijuana in Canada. [17] [18]

Culture

The South Korean government maintains the Korean Education Centre (Korean : 캐나다한국교육원) in Toronto. [19] Kim's Convenience is getting popular and recognised in Korea.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of South Korea</span>

South Korea maintains diplomatic relations with 191 countries. The country has also been a member of the United Nations since 1991, when it became a member state at the same time as North Korea. South Korea has also hosted major international events such as the 1988 Summer Olympics and 2002 World Cup Football Tournament and the 2011 IAAF World Championships Daegu South Korea. Furthermore, South Korea had hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics which took place in Pyeongchang from 9 to 25 February.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Canada</span>

The foreign relations of Canada are Canada's relations with other governments and nations. Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in global affairs with a tendency to pursue multilateral and international solutions. Canada is known for its strong commitment to international peace and security, as well as being a mediator in conflicts, and for providing aid to developing countries. The "golden age of Canadian diplomacy" refers to a period in Canadian history, typically considered to be the mid-20th century, when Canada experienced a high level of success in its foreign relations and diplomatic efforts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Russia–South Korea relations</span> Bilateral relations

Russia–South Korea relations or Russian–South Korean relations are the bilateral foreign relations between Russia and South Korea. Modern relations between the two countries began on September 30, 1990. Due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, relations became very tense after South Korea imposed sanctions against Russia. Russia placed South Korea on a list of "unfriendly countries", along with Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, the United States, European Union members, NATO members, Australia, New Zealand, Switzerland, Micronesia and Ukraine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canada–China relations</span> Bilateral relations

Diplomatic relations between Canada and China officially date back to 1942, when Canada sent an ambassador to the Republic of China. Before then, Canada had been represented by the British ambassador. The Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War and subsequent proclamation of the People's Republic of China in 1949 resulted a break in relations that lasted until 1970, when Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau became one of the first Western leaders to recognize the People's Republic of China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 US beef protest in South Korea</span>

The 2008 US beef protest in South Korea was a series of protest demonstrations made between 24 May 2008 and mid August 2008. against president Lee Myung-bak in Seoul, Korea. The protest involved several hundred thousand and at its height up to one million people. The protest began after the South Korean government reversed a ban on US beef imports. The ban had been in place since December 2003, when mad cow disease was detected in US beef cattle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canada–Chile relations</span> Bilateral relations

Canada and Chile established diplomatic relations in 1892. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Cairns Group, Organization of American States, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mexico–South Korea relations</span> Bilateral relations

The nations of Mexico and South Korea established diplomatic relations in 1962. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia–Latin America Cooperation, G-20 major economies, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canada–Italy relations</span> Bilateral relations

Canada and Italy. Both nations enjoy friendly relations and are close allies and partners through their membership in the G7, G20, NATO and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Relations also centre on the history of Italian migration to Canada; approximately 1.5 million Canadians claim to have Italian ancestry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canada–Sweden relations</span> Bilateral relations

Canada and Sweden have longstanding interstate relations. They are founding members of the AC and have positive cultural and economic relations. In addition, there are more than 300,000 Canadians of Swedish descent. The relationship is backed with many mutual treaties, and sees moderate foreign direct investment and trade. One notable commonality for both Canada and Sweden are their commitments to feminist foreign policy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canada–Turkey relations</span> Bilateral relations

Canada and Turkey have maintained diplomatic relations since 1943. Both countries are members of the G20, NATO, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, United Nations and the World Trade Organization.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iceland–South Korea relations</span> Bilateral relations

Iceland–South Korea relations are primarily based on cooperation over maritime issues, such as whaling and bottom trawling, and on bilateral trade in technology and fish products. Diplomatic relations between Iceland and the Republic of Korea were established on October 10, 1962 according to the Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Icelandic Ministry for Foreign Affairs gives the date as 19 April 1982. Iceland's Embassy in Beijing is accredited to South Korea, and Iceland also has two honorary consulates in Seoul. South Korea's embassy in Oslo, Norway is accredited to Iceland, and South Korea has an honorary consulate in Reykjavík.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">China–Mexico relations</span> Bilateral relations

Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the United Mexican States were established in 1972. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia–Latin America Cooperation, G-20 major economies and the United Nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Korea–United Kingdom relations</span> Bilateral relations

The relationship between the Republic of Korea and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland spans from the 19th century to the present day. Although the Republic of Korea gives 18 January 1949 as the date of the establishment of formal relations with the United Kingdom, diplomatic ties go back to the United Kingdom–Korea Treaty of 1883. British military participation in the Korean War during the 1950s was significant, but relations between the two countries at the time were described as "tenuous", with relatively little known about each other. Commercial and trade relationships grew rapidly during the 1970s. During the Asian Financial Crisis in the late 1990s, Queen Elizabeth II made a state visit to South Korea, which was well received at a time of crisis in the country. Today, there are strong economic and diplomatic links between the two countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canada–Portugal relations</span> Bilateral relations

Canada and Portugal have friendly bilateral relations, the importance of which center on the history of Portuguese migration to Canada. Canadians of full or partial Portuguese ancestry number approximately 482,000 people. Both nations are members of NATO, the OECD, and the United Nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canada–Korea Free Trade Agreement</span>

The Canada–Korea Free Trade Agreement is a free trade agreement between Canada and South Korea. The agreement was concluded at the Blue House in Seoul on 11 March 2014 by Stephen Harper, the Prime Minister of Canada, and Park Geun-hye, the President of South Korea. It is the first free trade agreement between Canada and an Asia Pacific nation. The agreement entered into force on 1 January 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Australia–Korea Free Trade Agreement</span>

The Korea–Australia Free Trade Agreement (KAFTA) is a bilateral free trade agreement designed to diminish barriers to trade and investment between Australia and South Korea, effective from the 12th December 2014. The agreement confers substantially improved market access for Australian exporters of goods and services, as well as for investors seeking opportunities within the South Korean market. KAFTA builds upon several decades of bilateral relations, rooted in diplomatic, trade, and security cooperation, which have evolved since 1962. During that year, President Park Chung-Hee introduced a series of five-year economic plans aimed at fostering South Korea's industrial development and accelerating its integration into the global economy in the aftermath of the Korean War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Korea–Turkey relations</span> Bilateral relations

South Korean–Turkish relations are the foreign relations between South Korea and Turkey. The Turkish embassy is in Seoul, while the South Korean embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul. Both countries are members of the G20.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Singapore–South Korea relations</span> Bilateral relations

Relations between the Republic of Singapore and the Republic of Korea started when a trade mission from South Korea visited the Colony of Singapore in 1950. The two countries established formal diplomatic relations in 1975, but South Korea established a trade office and a consulate-general, and sent a special envoy to visit Singapore before that. Both countries are the only two United Nations members in the Four Asian Tigers. In 2014, South Korea was the fourth-largest import source of Singapore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Korea–Spain relations</span> Bilateral relations

South Korea–Spain relations are the bilateral and diplomatic relations between these two countries. Spain has an embassy in Seoul. South Korea has an embassy in Madrid and a consulate general in Barcelona and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. The bilateral relations are good and friendly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Korea–Uzbekistan relations</span> Diplomatic relations between South Korea and the Republic of Uzbekistan

South Korea-Uzbekistan relations are the international relations between South Korea and Uzbekistan.

References

  1. "The Seoul Times".
  2. "The Korea Veterans Association of Canada". Kvacanada.com. Archived from the original on 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2016-08-27.
  3. "Welcome to the United Nations Memorial Cemetery!". Archived from the original on 2012-12-20. Retrieved 2011-03-05.
  4. Paula Newton (23 March 2021). "'Be relentless': What it will take to free two Canadians detained in China". CNN. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  5. Canada, Global Affairs (2017-02-21). "Declaration Against Arbitrary Detention in State-to-State Relations". GAC. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  6. "China lashes out at Canada for signing declaration against arbitrary detention". the Guardian. 2021-02-18. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  7. "The Politics of South Korea's 'China Threat'". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  8. "One Of The Canadians Detained In China For 2 Years On Spying Charges Goes On Trial". NPR.org. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  9. 1 2 "Korea-Canada Bilateral Relations". Embassy of the Republic of Korea to Canada.
  10. "Canada sees South Korea lifting beef ban by year-end". Reuters Canada. 2011-10-24. Archived from the original on November 27, 2011.
  11. "Harper Government Takes Steps to End WTO Challenge on South Korea's Ban on Canadian Beef Imports". International.gc.ca. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 2016-08-27.
  12. "Archived - Prime Minister Harper speaks with President-elect of Korea, Park Geun-hye - Canada News Centre". News.gc.ca. 2013-01-23. Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2016-08-27.
  13. Government of Canada, Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada (17 June 2014). "Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement (CKFTA)".
  14. "Canada and South Korea announce they have concluded a free-trade deal". CTV News. 2014-03-11.
  15. "Canada-the Republic of Korea relations". Government of Canada .
  16. "Canada - Korea Relations". Canadainternational.gc.ca. 2016-07-05. Retrieved 2016-08-27.
  17. "Bong arm of the law: South Korea says it will arrest citizens who smoke weed in Canada". TheGuardian.com . 23 October 2018.
  18. "South Korea Warns Citizens Not to Smoke Weed in Canada".
  19. "About". Korean Education Centre. Retrieved 2020-05-17. Address 555 Avenue Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M4V 2J7 - Korean version