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 Canada |  Norway |
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Canada and Norway first established foreign relations in 1942. As NATO allies and multilateral partners, Canada and Norway have had a long history of cooperation on regional and global terror issues, such as the War in Afghanistan. [1]
The very first Europeans to reach North America were Norsemen, who made at least one major effort at settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland around 1000 AD. Snorri Thorfinnsson, or Snorri Guðriðsson, was the son of Thorfinn Karlsefni and his wife Guđriđ. He is thought to be the first European baby born in North America. [2]
On May 29, 1914, in the middle of the night, the Norwegian cargo ship Storstad and the Canadian passenger liner RMS Empress of Ireland collided. Unfortunately, While Storstad did not sink, Empress of Ireland went down to the bottom of the St. Lawrence River, taking 1,012 lives with her, and 465 to survive. [3]
Little Norway was a Norwegian Army Air Service/Royal Norwegian Air Force training camp in Canada during World War II. Camp Norway in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia was the naval training camp. [4]
During the Cold War, Canadian troops were stationed in Norway as part of the NATO alliance. The Canadian Air-Sea Transportable Brigade Group was assigned to reinforce Norway in the case of a general war in Europe. [5]
Canada has an embassy in Oslo and a consulate in Bergen. Norway has an embassy in Ottawa and four consulates-general in Calgary, Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, as well as honorary consuls in most provincial capitals.
Both countries are full members of the Arctic Council, of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, of NATO and of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
There are 433,000 people of Norwegian descent living in Canada.
The foreign relations of Norway are based on the country's membership in NATO and within the workings of the United Nations (UN). Additionally, despite not being a member of the European Union (EU), Norway takes a part in the integration of EU through its membership in the European Economic Area. Norway's foreign ministry includes both the minister of foreign affairs and minister of international development.
Iceland took control of its foreign affairs in 1918 when it became a sovereign country, the Kingdom of Iceland, in a personal union with the King of Denmark. As a fully independent state, Iceland could have joined the League of Nations in 1920, but chose not to do so for cost reasons. It negotiated with Denmark to initially carry out most of its foreign relations, while maintaining full control. Denmark appointed a diplomatic envoy (Ambassador) to Iceland in 1919 and Iceland reciprocated in 1920, opening an Embassy in Copenhagen. Iceland established its own Foreign Service in April 1940 when Denmark became occupied by Nazi Germany and ties between the two countries were severed. The Republic of Iceland was founded in 1944. The Icelandic foreign service grew slowly in the post-WWII period, but increased rapidly after the mid-1990s. Iceland's closest relations are with the Nordic states, the European Union and the United States. Iceland has been a member of the United Nations since 1946. Iceland was a founding member of the World Bank in 1946 and NATO in 1949. In terms of European integration, Iceland was a founding member of the OEEC in 1948 and the Nordic Council in 1952, it joined EFTA in 1970, was a founding member of the CSCE in 1973 and the EEA in 1992 and joined Schengen in 1996.
The foreign relations of Canada are Canada's relations with other governments and nations. Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in global affairs with a tendency to pursue multilateral and international solutions. Canada is known for its strong commitment to international peace and security, as well as being a mediator in conflicts, and for providing aid to developing countries. The "golden age of Canadian diplomacy" refers to a period in Canadian history, typically considered to be the mid-20th century, when Canada experienced a high level of success in its foreign relations and diplomatic efforts.
RMS Empress of Ireland was a British-built ocean liner that sank near the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River in Canada following a collision in thick fog with the Norwegian collier Storstad in the early hours of 29 May 1914. Although the ship was equipped with watertight compartments and, in the aftermath of the Titanic disaster two years earlier, carried more than enough lifeboats for all aboard, she foundered in only 14 minutes. Of the 1,477 people on board, 1,012 died, making it the worst peacetime maritime disaster in Canadian history.
The United States has maintained diplomatic relations with Iceland since the mid-1800s.
The United States and Norway have a very long tradition of positive relations.
Portugal–United States relations are bilateral relations between Portugal and the United States.
Canada and Romania have maintained bilateral relations since 1967. The two countries are members of OSCE, La Francophonie and NATO. Canada has an embassy in Bucharest, and Romania has an embassy in Ottawa and three consulates-general.
Canada and Japan have an amicable companionship in many areas. Diplomatic relations between both countries officially began in 1928 with the opening of the Japanese consulate in Ottawa. In 1929, Canada opened its Tokyo legation, the first in Asia; and in that same year, Japan its Ottawa consulate to legation form.
Canada and the Kingdom of the Netherlands have a special relationship resulting from actions during World War II when Canada hosted the Dutch royal family in exile and then led the military liberation of the Netherlands. The special relationship is still visible today, with the Canadian government describing the Netherlands as "one of Canada's most significant trade, investment and innovation partners." In part, the annual Canadian Tulip Festival still commemorates this relationship, with a tradition of tulips sent to Canada from the Netherlands as gratitude for the Canadian actions during World War II.
Canada and the Czech Republic maintain diplomatic relations. Canada has an embassy in Prague, while the Czech Republic has an embassy in Ottawa, a consulate general in Toronto and an honorary consulate in Calgary.
Canada and Italy. Both nations enjoy friendly relations and are close allies and partners through their membership in the G7, G20, NATO and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Relations also centre on the history of Italian migration to Canada; approximately 1.5 million Canadians claim to have Italian ancestry.
Canada and Turkey have maintained diplomatic relations since 1943. Both countries are members of the G20, NATO, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, United Nations and the World Trade Organization.
Norway and Sweden have a very long history together. They were both part of the Kalmar Union between 1397 and 1523, and a personal union between 1814 and 1905. The countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after the dissolution of the union.
Canada and Greece first exchanged ambassadors in 1942. Both countries are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, NATO and the United Nations. There is a strong Greek community living in Canada.
Canada and Iceland have longstanding foreign relations. Contact goes back over a thousand years, but formal diplomatic relations began in 1947. Both nations are members of the Arctic Council, NATO, OECD, and WTO. Additionally, Canada holds observer status in the Barents Euro-Arctic Council.
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