| Caryomyia echinata | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leaf galls, underside | |
 | |
| Leaf galls, upperside | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Cecidomyiidae |
| Genus: | Caryomyia |
| Species: | C. echinata |
| Binomial name | |
| Caryomyia echinata Gagne, 2008 | |
Caryomyia echinata, the hickory spiny gall midge, is a species [1] of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, occurring in Eastern North America. [2]
"The name echinata is a Latin adjective meaning spiny, with reference to the long, stiff hairs covering the gall." [3] : 38
Larvae induce galls on the leaves of hickory trees, including Carya laciniosa , Carya ovata , Carya pallida , Carya texana , and Carya tomentosa . [4] Pupae emerge in late summer through the side of the gall near the base. [3] : 50
"This gall is the only woody Caryomyia gall that is covered with very long, stiff hairs and occurs between instead of on veins." [3] : 38
Hickory is a common name for trees composing the genus Carya, which includes around 18 species. Five or six species are native to China, Indochina, and India (Assam), as many as twelve are native to the United States, four are found in Mexico, and two to four are native to Canada. A number of hickory species are used for products like edible nuts or wood.
Cecidomyiidae is a family of flies known as gall midges or gall gnats. As the name implies, the larvae of most gall midges feed within plant tissue, creating abnormal plant growths called galls. Cecidomyiidae are very fragile small insects usually only 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) in length; many are less than 1 mm (0.039 in) long. They are characterised by hairy wings, unusual in the order Diptera, and have long antennae. Some Cecidomyiids are also known for the strange phenomenon of paedogenesis in which the larval stage reproduces without maturing first. In some species, the daughter larvae consume the mother, while in others, reproduction occurs later on in the egg or pupa.
Carya tomentosa, commonly known as mockernut hickory, mockernut, white hickory, whiteheart hickory, hognut, bullnut, is a species of tree in the walnut family Juglandaceae. The most abundant of the hickories, and common in the eastern half of the United States, it is long lived, sometimes reaching the age of 500 years. A straight-growing hickory, a high percentage of its wood is used for products where strength, hardness, and flexibility are needed. The wood makes excellent fuel wood, as well. The leaves turn yellow in Autumn.
Sciaroidea is a superfamily in the infraorder Bibionomorpha. There are about 16 families and more than 15,000 described species in Sciaroidea. Most of its constituent families are various gnats.
Matelea alabamensis is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family known by the common names Alabama milkvine, Alabama anglepod, and Alabama spiny-pod. It is native to the southeastern United States, where it occurs in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida.
Orseolia oryzae, also called the Asian rice gall midge, is a species of small fly in the family Cecidomyiidae. It is a major insect pest of rice. The damage to the crop is done by the larvae which form galls commonly known as "silver shoots" or "onion shoots". The rice plant is stunted and the seed heads fail to develop.
Mayetiola piceae, the spruce gall midge, is a species of gall-forming flies in the Cecidomyiidae family.
A gnat is any of many species of tiny flying insects in the dipterid suborder Nematocera, especially those in the families Mycetophilidae, Anisopodidae and Sciaridae. They can be both biting and non-biting. Most often they fly in large numbers, called clouds. "Gnat" is a loose descriptive category rather than a phylogenetic or other technical term, so there is no scientific consensus on what constitutes a gnat. Some entomologists consider only non-biting flies to be gnats. Certain universities and institutes also distinguish eye gnats: the Smithsonian Institution describes them as "non-biting flies, no bigger than a few grains of salt, ... attracted to fluids secreted by your eyes".
Caryomyia caryaecola, the hickory onion gall midge, is a species of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae.
Caryomyia is a genus of hickory gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae. They are often known as the hickory gall midges since most species feed on various species of hickory. There are at least 30 described species in Caryomyia.
Caryomyia sanguinolenta, also known as hickory smooth gumdrop gall midge, is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae.
Caryomyia tubicola, the hickory bullet gall midge, is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae.
Rhopalomyia anthophilathe Downy Flower Gall Midgeis a species of gall midges, insects in the family Cecidomyiidae. It induces galls on the host Solidago altissima across much of North America.
Caryomyia caryae, the hickory sticky globe gall midge, is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae. It forms a small, globular gall with a pointed tip on the undersides of Hickory leaves.
Caryomyia persicoides, the hickory peach-haired gall midge, is a species of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae.
Polystepha pilulae, the oak leaf gall midge, is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae. It is found in eastern North America.
Rhopalomyia clarkei is a species of gall midges, insects in the family Cecidomyiidae. The larvae induce galls on two hosts: Solidago altissima and Solidago rugosa and are found in north-eastern and north central North America.
Caryomyia thompsoni, the hickory placenta gall midge, is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae.