Cedecea

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Cedecea
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Enterobacterales
Family: Enterobacteriaceae
Genus: Cedecea
Grimont et al. 1981
Species
  • C. davisae
  • C. lapegei
  • Cedecea species 001 (also known as Cedecea species 3)
  • C. neteri (formerly known as Cedecea species 4 or Cedecea species 002)
  • Cedecea species 012 (also known as Cedecea species 5)

Cedecea is a genus of extremely rare bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. [1] The name of this genus was derived from CDC, the abbreviation for the Centers for Disease Control where the initial members of this genus were discovered. [2] This genus resembles no other group of Enterobacteriaceae. [3] Cedecea bacteria are Gram-negative, bacillus in shape, motile, nonencapsulated, and non-spore-forming. [4] [5] The strains of Cedecea appear to be similar to those of Serratia . Both Cedecea and Serratia are lipase positive and resistant to colistin and cephalothin; however, Cedecea is unable to hydrolyze gelatin or DNA. [5] [6] [7] [8]

Contents

History of genus

Cedecea bacteria were discovered in 1977 by a group of scientists at the CDC and were initially named “Enteric Group 15”. [3] [5] [6] [8] [9] In 1980, Patrick A. D. Grimont and Francine Grimont proposed the genus name of Cedecea for this group. [3] [5] [6] [8] [9] This particular name was given to "Enteric Group 15" for the abbreviation of the Center for Disease Control (CDC) where the group of bacteria was discovered. [3] At this time, six species have been identified. [9] Currently, three strains have been named while three remain unnamed. [3] [9]

Cedecea davisae was named after Betty Davis. Davis is an American bacteriologist who has contributed to serological and biochemical identification of Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. [9]

Cedecea lapagei was named after Stephen Lapage, who is a British bacteriologist. Lapage has contributed to bacterial systematics as the editor of Bacteriological Code. Lapage has also made many contributions to the family Enterobacteriaceae. [9]

Cedecea neteri was named after Erwin Neter. Neter is an American microbiologist and physician. Like Davis and Lapage, Neter has contributed to the family Enterobacteriaceae. [9]

Clinical

Cedecea strains are rarely isolated from the environment or living human tissues. [4] [8] However, strains have, at one or more times, been isolated from the following human specimen: sputum, blood, skin wounds, gall bladder, urine and lung tissue. [4] [5] [7] [8] These specimen were collected from a handful of patients who were elderly, medically compromised or immunocompromised. [4] [8] Even though these strains have been isolated, their role in disease and clinical significance is yet to be discovered. [8]

Treatment

Patients who are infected with Cedecea can benefit from antibiotic therapy; however, this can be a challenge due to Cedecea strains being resistant to a range of antimicrobial agents. [4] [5] [8] Cedecea strains are resistant to the following antimicrobial agents: cephalothin, extended spectrium cephalosporins, colistin, and several aminoglycosides. [8]

Ecology

Several members of the Entereobacteriaceae live in the intestines of other organisms, and Cedecea have been isolated in wild tsetse flies and cockroaches. [10] [11] In humans, Cedecea has been located in the blood and saliva, wounds and abscesses, and in ulcerated tissue. [12] [13] The bacteria has been isolated and a limited amount of samples have been taken. Although resistant to several antibiotics, Cedecea - along with several other bacteria - has been shown to be subject to high antibacterial activity from Bovine lactoperoxidase. [14]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Enterobacteriaceae</span> Family of bacteria

Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of Gram-negative bacteria. It includes over 30 genera and more than 100 species. Its classification above the level of family is still a subject of debate, but one classification places it in the order Enterobacterales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. In 2016, the description and members of this family were emended based on comparative genomic analyses by Adeolu et al.

<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Species of bacterium

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It appears as a mucoid lactose fermenter on MacConkey agar.

<i>Serratia</i> Genus of bacteria

Serratia is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing Nomenclature (LPSN), there are currently 19 species of Serratia that are credibly published with accurate names as of 2020: S. aquatilis, S. entomophila, S. ficaria, S. fonticola, S. grimesii, S. liquefaciens, S. marcescens, S. microhaemolytica, S. myotis, S. nematodiphila, S. odoriferae, S. oryzae, S. plymuthica, S. proteamaculans, S. quinivorans corrig, S. rubidaea, S. symbiotica, S. ureilytica, S. vespertilionis. They are typically 1–5 μm in length, do not produce spores, and can be found in water, soil, plants, and animals. Some members of this genus produce a characteristic red pigment, prodigiosin, and can be distinguished from other members of the order Enterobacterales by their unique production of three enzymes: DNase (nucA), lipase, and gelatinase (serralysin). Serratia was thought to be a harmless environmental bacteria until it was discovered that the most common species in the genus, S. marcescens, is an opportunistic pathogen of many animals, including humans. In humans, S. marcescens is mostly associated with nosocomial, or hospital-acquired, infections, but can also cause urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and endocarditis. S. marcescens is frequently found in showers, toilet bowls, and around wet tiles as a pinkish to red biofilm but only causes disease in immunocompromised individuals. Aside from S. marcescens, some rare strains of the Serratia species – S. plymuthica, S. liquefaciens, S. rubidaea, and S. odoriferae – have been shown to cause infection such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis.

<i>Acinetobacter</i> Genus of bacteria

Acinetobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the wider class of Gammaproteobacteria. Acinetobacter species are oxidase-negative, exhibit twitching motility, and occur in pairs under magnification.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colistin</span> Antibiotic

Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is an antibiotic medication used as a last-resort treatment for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections including pneumonia. These may involve bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Acinetobacter. It comes in two forms: colistimethate sodium can be injected into a vein, injected into a muscle, or inhaled, and colistin sulfate is mainly applied to the skin or taken by mouth. Colistimethate sodium is a prodrug; it is produced by the reaction of colistin with formaldehyde and sodium bisulfite, which leads to the addition of a sulfomethyl group to the primary amines of colistin. Colistimethate sodium is less toxic than colistin when administered parenterally. In aqueous solutions it undergoes hydrolysis to form a complex mixture of partially sulfomethylated derivatives, as well as colistin. Resistance to colistin began to appear as of 2015.

<i>Enterobacter</i> Genus of bacteria

Enterobacter is a genus of common Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Cultures are found in soil, water, sewage, feces and gut environments. It is the type genus of the order Enterobacterales. Several strains of these bacteria are pathogenic and cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts and in those who are on mechanical ventilation. The urinary and respiratory tracts are the most common sites of infection. The genus Enterobacter is a member of the coliform group of bacteria. It does not belong to the fecal coliforms group of bacteria, unlike Escherichia coli, because it is incapable of growth at 44.5 °C in the presence of bile salts. Some of them show quorum sensing properties.

<i>Elizabethkingia meningoseptica</i> Species of bacterium

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in nature. It may be normally present in fish and frogs; it may be isolated from chronic infectious states, as in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. In 1959, American bacteriologist Elizabeth O. King was studying unclassified bacteria associated with pediatric meningitis at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, when she isolated an organism that she named Flavobacterium meningosepticum. In 1994, it was reclassified in the genus Chryseobacterium and renamed Chryseobacterium meningosepticum(chryseos = "golden" in Greek, so Chryseobacterium means a golden/yellow rod similar to Flavobacterium). In 2005, a 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree of Chryseobacteria showed that C. meningosepticum along with C. miricola were close to each other but outside the tree of the rest of the Chryseobacteria and were then placed in a new genus Elizabethkingia named after the original discoverer of F. meningosepticum.

<i>Pantoea</i> Genus of bacteria

Pantoea is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria of the family Erwiniaceae, recently separated from the genus Enterobacter. This genus includes at least 20 species. Pantoea bacteria are yellow pigmented, ferment lactose, are motile, and form mucoid colonies. Some species show quorum sensing ability that could drive different gene expression, hence controlling certain physiological activities. Levan polysaccharide produced by Pantoea agglomerans ZMR7 was reported to decrease the viability of rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and breast cancer (MDA) cells compared with untreated cancer cells. In addition, it has high antiparasitic activity against the promastigote of Leishmania tropica.

Pluralibacter gergoviae is a Gram-negative, motile, facultatively-anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. P. gergoviae is of special interest to the cosmetics industry, as it displays resistance to parabens, a common antimicrobial agent added to cosmetic products.

<i>Cronobacter</i> Genus of bacteria

Cronobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Several Cronobacter species are desiccation resistant and persistent in dry products such as powdered infant formula. They are generally motile, reduce nitrate, use citrate, hydrolyze esculin and arginine, and are positive for L-ornithine decarboxylation. Acid is produced from D-glucose, D-sucrose, D-raffinose, D-melibiose, D-cellobiose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-trehalose, galacturonate and D-maltose. Cronobacter spp. are also generally positive for acetoin production and negative for the methyl red test, indicating 2,3-butanediol rather than mixed acid fermentation. The type species of the genus Cronobacter is Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1</span> Enzyme

NDM-1 is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics. These include the antibiotics of the carbapenem family, which are a mainstay for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The gene for NDM-1 is one member of a large gene family that encodes beta-lactamase enzymes called carbapenemases. Bacteria that produce carbapenemases are often referred to in the news media as "superbugs" because infections caused by them are difficult to treat. Such bacteria are usually sensitive only to polymyxins and tigecycline.

Staphylococcus nepalensis is a Gram-positive coccoid bacterium belonging to the genus Staphylococcus.

<i>Achromobacter xylosoxidans</i> Species of bacterium

Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase and catalase-positive, motile bacterium with peritrichous flagella, from the genus Achromobacter. It is generally found in wet environments. Achromobacter xylosoxidans can cause infections such as bacteremia, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis. In 2013, the complete genome of an A. xylosoxidans strain from a patient with cystic fibrosis was sequenced.

Acinetobacter junii is a species of bacteria. Its type strain is ATCC 17908. It can be pathogenic. This bacterium has been linked to nosocomial infections including catheter-related blood stream infections and cellulitis.

Acinetobacter ursingii is a species of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Its type strain is LUH 3792T.

Serratia entomophila is a species of bacteria that like its cogenerate species uses itaconate. It was first isolated from the grass grub Costelytra zealandica infected with amber disease, suggesting some involvement in the latter. Its type strain is A1T.

Streptococcus infantarius is a species of bacteria.

Roseomonas is a genus of Gram negative bacteria. The cells are coccoid rods when viewed microscopically. Certain species are known to be opportunistic infections for humans.

Janibacter is a genus of Gram positive, nonmotile, non-sporeforming bacteria. The genus name is derived from the two-faced Roman god Janus, referring to the fact that the cells of the original strain could be rod-shaped or coccoid.

Cedecea davisae is a gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped, non-sporulating, lipase-positive bacteria.

References

  1. ↑ Janda, J. Michael; Sharon L. Abbott (2006). The Enterobacteria (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: ASM Press. p. 411. ISBN   978-1-55581-342-0.
  2. ↑ P. Grimont; F. Grimont; J. Farmer III; M. Asbury (1981). "Cedecea davisae gen. nov., sp. nov. and Cedecea lapagei sp. nov., New Enterobacteriaceae from Clinical Specimens". Int J Syst Bacteriol. 31 (3): 317–326. doi: 10.1099/00207713-31-3-317 .
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Grimont, P. A. D., Grimont, F., Farmer III, J. J., and Asbury, M. A. (1981). Cedecea davisae gen. nov., sp. nov. and Cedecea lapagei sp. nov., New Enterobacteriaceae from clinical specimens. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology31, 317-326.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Mawardi, H., Pavlakis, M., Mandelbrot, D., Woo, S. B. (2010). Sirolimus oral ulcer with Cedecea davisae superinfection. Transpl Infect Dis12, 446-450.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Abate,G., Qureshi, S., and Mazumder, S. A. (2011). Cedecea davisae bacteremia in a neutropenic patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Journal of Infection63, 83-85.
  6. 1 2 3 Farmer III, J. J., Sheth, N. K., Hudzinski, J. A., Rose, H. D., Asbury, M. F. (1982). Bacteremia due to Cedecea neteri sp. nov. Journal of Clinical Microbiology16, 775-778.
  7. 1 2 Perkins, S. R., Beckett, T. A., Bump, C. M. (1986). Cedecea davisae bacteremia. Journal of Clinical Microbiology24, 675-676.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dalamaga, M., Karmaniolas, K., Arsenis, G., Pantelaki, M., Daskalopoulou, K., Papadavid, E., and Migdalis, I. (2008). Cedecea lapagei bacteremia following cement-related chemical burn injury. Burns34, 1205-1207.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dalamaga, M., and Vrioni, G. (2011). Cedecea. Molecular detection of human bacterial pathogens, 817-825.
  10. ↑ G.P. Kaaya; Ma Okech (1990). " Microorganisms associated with Tsetse in nature". Insect Science and Its Application. 11: 443–448. doi:10.1017/s1742758400012868.
  11. ↑ G. Pellegrini; et al. (1990). "Cockroaches, infestation and possible contribution in the spreading of some Enterobacteria". Igiene Moderna. 97: 19–30.
  12. ↑ S.R. Perkins; T.A. Beckett; C.M. Bump (1986). "Cedecea davisae bacteremia". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 24: 675–676.
  13. ↑ H. Mawardi; M. Pavlakis; D.S. Mandelbrot; S.B. Woo (2010). "Sirolimus oral ulcer with Cedecea davisae superinfection". Transpl Infectious Disease. 12: 446–450. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3062.2010.00514.x.
  14. ↑ M. Canyaka; M. Sisecioglu; O. Baris; et al. (2010). "Effects of bovine milk lactoperoxidase system on some bacteria". Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 46: 64–68.
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