| Certosa di Pavia Altarpiece | |
|---|---|
 The three London panels | |
| Artist | Pietro Perugino |
| Year | c.1496-1500 |
| Location | National Gallery, London |
The Certosa di Pavia Altarpiece was an oil on panel altarpiece by Pietro Perugino. It dates to around 1496 to 1500 and three of its panels are now in the National Gallery, London. Art historians believe that the central panel is an autograph copy of the Madonna del Sacco .
It was commissioned by Ludovico Sforza for the chapel of Saint Michael in the Certosa di Pavia, a building symbolic of the Visconti-Sforza's patronage of the church and the arts. He had already sent an agent to Florence in 1490 to find out about the artistic scene and converse with Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Filippino Lippi and Pietro Vannucci. Sforza initially commissioned a Deposition from Lippi, but this was not completed and so he instead decided in 1494 to commission Perugino.
The altarpiece originally had six panels. The central lower panel shows the Madonna and Child with angels, whilst the left panel shows the archangel Michael trampling Satan and the right panel shows Tobias and the Angel (the Archangel Raphael). The horizon on the side panels is no longer at the same level as that in the central panel, showing how all three panels seem to have been cut down. The knees of the Madonna and the bag on the left hand side of the central panel are lost, whilst little remains of the serpent at Michael's feet and the small dog at Raphael's feet.
The top panel, with the figure of the Eternal Father remained at the Certosa, [1] while three panels were looted in 1784 and were acquired by the National Gallery in London in 1856. Some 1950s photographs show a non-original pediment above the side panels, which has now been removed. In place of the London panels are three copies painted in 1586. [2]
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Pietro Perugino, an Italian Renaissance painter of the Umbrian school, developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance. Raphael became his most famous pupil.
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Vincenzo Foppa was an Italian painter from the Renaissance period. While few of his works survive, he was an esteemed and influential painter during his time and is considered the preeminent leader of the Early Lombard School. He spent his career working for the Sforza family, Dukes of Milan, in Pavia, as well as various other patrons throughout Lombardy and Liguria. He lived and worked in his native Brescia during his later years.
The Certosa di Pavia is a monastery complex in Lombardy, Northern Italy, situated near a small village of the same name in the Province of Pavia, 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Pavia. Built from 1396 to 1495, it was once located at the end of the Visconti Park a large hunting park and pleasure ground belonging to the Visconti dukes of Milan, of which today only scattered parts remain. It is one of the largest monasteries in Italy.
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Tobias and the Angel is a subject in art taken from the Book of Tobit. It may refer to a number of works of art and music, including:
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Madonna del Sacco is an oil on panel painting by Perugino, dating to around 1495–1500. It shows the Madonna and Child with the infant John the Baptist and an angel. It is now in the Galleria Palatina in Florence.
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The Madonna of Loreto is a c.1507 oil on panel painting by Perugino, now in the National Gallery, London, which bought it in 1879. It shows the Madonna and Child flanked by Jerome (left) and Francis of Assisi (right). Two angels hover over Mary's head holding a crown. It reuses the low parapet from Madonna and Child with St Rose and St Catherine (1492) and probably also involved the master's studio assistants.
The Caprioli Adoration is an Italian Renaissance sculpture, a relief in marble by Gasparo Cairano, dated between 1495 and 1500, placed in the Church of St Francis of Assisi in Brescia as a frontal for the high altar.
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