Chanakya (TV series)

Last updated

Chanakya
Chanakyadvd.jpg
DVD cover of Chanakya with English subtitles
GenreHistorical Non-Fiction
Created by Chandraprakash Dwivedi
Written by Chandraprakash Dwivedi
Directed by Chandraprakash Dwivedi
Starring Chandraprakash Dwivedi
Irrfan Khan
Sanjay Mishra
Dinesh Shakul
Suraj Chaddha
Surendra Pal
Prakash Dwivedi
Kurush Deboo
JD Majethia
Vipin Sharma
Narrated bySalim Arif
Opening theme Asato mā...
ComposerAshit Desai
Country of originIndia
Original languageHindi
No. of seasons1
No. of episodes47 (list of episodes)
Production
ProducerPrakash Dwivedi
Production locations Film City, Mumbai
CinematographyRajan Kothari
EditorsMohan Kaul
Rajeev Khandelwal
Running time45-50 minutes
Production companyShagun Films
Original release
Network DD National
Release8 September 1991 (1991-09-08) 
9 August 1992 (1992-08-09)

Chanakya is a 47-part drama epic Indian television historical drama written and directed by Dr. Chandraprakash Dwivedi that was originally telecasted on DD National from 8 September 1991 [1] to 9 August 1992. [2] [3] [4] Produced by Prakash Dwivedi, the series is a fictionalized account of the life and times of 4th century BCE Indian economist, strategist and political theorist Chanakya (also known as Vishnugupta) and is based on events occurring between 340 BCE and 321/20 BCE, starting with Chanakya's boyhood and culminating in the coronation of Chandragupta Maurya. Chandraprakash Dwivedi played the title role of Chanakya.

Contents

Plot

The series is divided into three acts :-

Within this framework, Dwivedi portrays the politics that governed relations between kings and officials of that time. He cleverly covers the workings of the early Indian republics and the way of life of ordinary Indians.

While critically acclaimed, Chanakya has been the subject of political controversy too. It has been televised in many countries around the world and has won five Uptron Awards. [2] The series was widely praised for its authenticity, casting and larger than life depiction. [5]

Production

Development

Dwivedi spent more than nine years researching Chanakya and read over 180 books on the subject including the Arthashastra. [6] For him, Chanakya was "the first man with a national consciousness." [3] And that is what made him take up the project:

I am not interested in the present; my idea is to delve into the past and link it with the present. After a great deal of thinking I discovered that politics is the crux of all sciences, just as Chanakya said.... Today the question of national consciousness is agitating the minds of our countrymen. Was it not Chanakya who defined Rashtra and paved the way for the first one? [6]

Chanakya started out as an idea for a film. But Dwivedi abandoned the plan and decided to make it into a television series because it was not possible to meet "telecast deadlines" if it had been shot as a film. [7] Dwivedi didn't conceive of the series as a "purely factual account" of Chanakya's life and times. But he did want "to present a work of fiction based on historical evidence—unlike the serials Ramayan and Mahabharat which presented history with a touch of masala." He didn't want to "[create] false drama just to appease popular sentiments." [8] Episodes 11, 12 and 14 were based on McCrindle's book The Invasion of India by Alexander the Great as described by Arrian, Q. Curtius, Diodoros, Plutarch and Justin, [8] while the final episodes dealing with Chanakya's scheme to win over Dhanananda's minister, Rakshasa, were based on Vishakhadatta's 4th century CE play, Mudrarakshasa. [3]

I want to prove that it is not only persons in high places who have changed the course of history but seemingly ne'er do wells like Chanakya from whom there had been no expectations whatever. To present Chanakya in such a light that you or me can, on seeing the serial, exclaim even I could have done that.

Dr. Chandraprakash Dwivedi to Surya India magazine. [6]

Initially, Dwivedi was associated with the project only in his capacity as writer while his brother, Prakash Dwivedi, was the producer. Dwivedi decided to direct the series after continued differences of opinion with the original director, Rajiv Singh, who later filed a case against the producers. [7] [9] Dwivedi submitted his script to Doordarshan in April 1986 and shot the plot after receiving the approval sometime in 1988. He submitted it to the channel in December 1988 and got the final approval by the end of the year. [6] BR Chopra, the producer of Mahabharat had been interested in the series and had submitted a proposal of his own to Doordarshan. However, Doordarshan preferred Dwivedi's project to Chopra's proposal which had been "found wanting." [6]

Filming

The pilot was shot at a cost of INR 1.8 million (15 million in 2009, as estimated by Dwivedi). [10] Doordarshan initially allotted 26 episodes for the series and an extension was promised if "the quality was up to the mark." [6] In early 1992, a further 21 episodes were sanctioned as against the 26 demanded, after the extension was initially (controversially) revoked, for a total of 47 episodes. [11] [12] The first 17 episodes were shot over nine months at an estimated average cost of INR 900,000 per episode. [8] A huge cast of about 300 actors were involved with the production. [7]

The production team included well-known technicians such as art director Nitish Roy and costume designer Salim Arif who had previously been involved with Shyam Benegal's Bharat Ek Khoj. [6] [13] Arif was also part of the cast, as narrator and as the character Sidhartak. Roy remained art director for the first 25 episodes, and Nitin Chandrakant Desai, who was assisting him, took over Episode 26 onwards. [10] [14]

"Magnificent sets" were created at Film City, Bombay (now Mumbai) for the series and an amount of INR 7 million was budgeted to build three cities including Pataliputra and Takshashila. [6] Chanakya was Desai's first independent project and "[he] had to recreate the ancient grandeur of Pataliputra" for the series. Desai spent weeks at the Asiatic Library and Bombay University researching the period. The university librarian even had a separate desk installed for him in the arts and culture section after noting his "constant presence at the library, even during lunch hour, for weeks at an end." [15] [16] The result was a town with "26 structures, four main lanes and six bylanes," all part of a single set. [17]

Close attention was paid to detail when it came to costumes and weaponry, so much so that a piece of armor worn by Chandragupta was procured for over INR 8,000. [8] According to Muneesh Sappel, associate costume designer, the costumes "were based on books by Alkazi Raushan (costume advisor for the serial Mullah Nasruddin), Dr. Moti Chandra (former director of the Prince of Wales Museum), N. P. Joshi (author of Life in Ancient Pataliputra) and K. Krishnamurthy’s Early Indian Archaeology." [8] [18] Terracotta sculptures from the 1st century CE, the museums at Sarnath, Patna and Lucknow, and the caves at the Borivali National Park were other sources of inspiration. [8] In a 2009 interview, Salim Arif considered his work on Chanakya to be better than that on Bharat Ek Khoj . [13]

Casting

Dwivedi chose stage actors to play the parts in the series. Pramod Moutho, Suraj Chaddha, Ragini Shah, Ajay Dubey, Arun Bali, Vipin Sharma and Himanshu Gokani were among the first to be selected. [6] While Dwivedi played the central role of Chanakya, he faced a problem when he looked for someone to play the adolescent Vishnugupta. It was then that his friend Akshay Vyas introduced him to Mitesh Safari. "One look at Mitesh and [Dwivedi] knew he had found his Chanakya. [He] did not even take Mitesh's screen test and told him to report directly for the shooting." [19]

Crew

Cast

Chanakya and his coterie

The Greeks

Magadha

Pre-self-exile period

Gandhara / Takshashila / Taxila

Pauravrashtra

Post-self-exile period

Irrfan Khan plays the role of Commander Bhadrasala IrrfanKhan.jpg
Irrfan Khan plays the role of Commander Bhadrasala

List of episodes

Episode 27
With Minister Varruchi examining closely the business at the royal stable and the conduct of Commander Bhadrashaal, tensions start to rise between them
Episode 28
The council of ministers approves the grant of land for new university in Pataliputra. An excited Shreyak breaks this news to Vishnugupt, who warns him against excessive hopes since the history of Magadh is filled with treachery and surprises, hinting that the vote of King is still missing. Later, King indeed puts a moratorium on the decision citing the need for more deliberation. Chief Minister Rakshash commissions an espionage mission on activities of Vishnugputa.

Re-telecast

The series was re-telecast on Doordarshan's DD National TV channel during the lockdown imposed by the government of India to prevent spread of the COVID-19 pandemic from first week of April 2020 [20] [21]

Reception

The series gathered much praise for its authenticity, particularly the way it used costumes and similar artistic devices. [8] Journalist and media critic Sevanti Ninan, bemoaning the lack of attention paid to authenticity and aesthetics in Indian mythological serials, wrote in a 2000 column in The Hindu — "'Chanakya' still stands out in one's memory for its period authenticity." [22]

The series was commercially successful for Doordarshan, bringing in INR 180  million in advertising revenues. [23] While thinking about opening up the organization's second channel, DD Metro, to private producers in lieu of license fees, it took the Chanakya experience into consideration with a Doordarshan official commenting that "quality programmes can attract enough advertising support to sustain even small producers who could be bidding for time slots on the metro channel."

Chanakya brought instant and lasting recognition to the director and chief protagonist, Dwivedi, [2] who is often referred to as "Dr. Chandraprakash 'Chanakya' Dwivedi." [24] [25]

Awards

6th Uptron Awards, 1992 (for 1991)

7th Uptron Awards, 1993 (for 1992)

Distribution

Chanakya premiered on Doordarshan's main channel, DD National, in September 1991. In 1993, it was picked up by the BBC and telecast in the UK on BBC2 as part of the Saturday morning Asia Two slot. [27] Zee TV re-ran it in 1997 [3] when Dwivedi was the channel's programming head, and 9X in 2007–08. Since 2008, Amrita TV runs a dubbed (into Malayalam) version titled Chanakya Tantram. The series has been broadcast in the US, Canada, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Mauritius and Nepal. [2]

Since 1993, the complete series has been available on home video in formats including a set of 16 VHS video cassettes, [28] 47 VCDs, and 12 DVDs.

See also

Notes

  1. "Television". The Indian Express. 8 September 1991.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Celebrating humanity". Screen Weekly. 26 September 2003.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Uma Chakravarti (2000) [1998]. "Inventing Saffron History". In Mary E. John, Janaki Nair (ed.). A question of silence: the sexual economies of modern India. pp. 243–268.
  4. "Television". The Indian Express. 9 August 1992.
  5. "Lessons From History". The Indian Express. 21 August 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "And Now Chanakya". Surya India. 14: 58. 1989.
  7. 1 2 3 Sukanya Verma (23 October 2003). "Neither the Indian nor the Pakistani government will gain from Pinjar". Rediff.com.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Madhavi Irani (1 December 1991). "Saffron for breakfast". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.
  9. "Pre-planned sabotage of 'Chanakya'". Organiser . 28 June 1992.
  10. 1 2 Chaya Unnikrishnan (21 August 2009). "Lessons from history". Screen Weekly. Archived from the original on 11 April 2010.
  11. S. P. Agrawal, ed. (1991). Development/digression diary of India: 3D companion volume to Information India 1991–92. Vol. 45. Concept Publishing Company. p. 118. ISBN   978-81-7022-305-4.
  12. "India Today, Volume 17, Part 1". India Today. Thomson Living Media. 17: 72. 1992.
  13. 1 2 Arjun Narayanan (20 December 2009). "Next work, your own catcall". The New Indian Express.
  14. "Nitin Chandrakant Desai". Joint Scene. Archived from the original on 7 January 2010.
  15. Piyus Roy (14 April 2007). "The Set Maker". The Indian Express.
  16. Deepa Karmalkar (25 July 2008). "Set for big times". Screen Weekly. Archived from the original on 20 August 2010.
  17. Aruna Vasudev, ed. (1995). Frames of mind: reflections on Indian cinema, Volume 44 of Indian horizons. UBSPD. p. 132. ISBN   9788174760531.
  18. Ashish Mitra (12 March 2004). "Art Directors gaining recognition". Screen Weekly.
  19. Parag Maniar (7 November 2008). "The baton passes on". Mumbai Mirror. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012.
  20. Singh, Suhani (31 March 2020). "Doordarsh all set to re-telicast Chanakya on DD Bharti during lockdown". India Today. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  21. News agency., ANI (31 March 2020). "Doordarsh decided to re-telicast Chanakya on DD Bharti TV channel from first week of April". ABP NEWS. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  22. Sevanti Ninan (16 July 2000). "Television gods". The Hindu.
  23. Askari H. Zaidi (1 August 1992). "DD Metro Channel council soon". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011.
  24. Menka Shivdasani (2 July 2001). "Building programmes". Business Line.
  25. "Missing stars take shine out of Delhi CM's meet". The Indian Express. Express News Service. 24 February 1998.
  26. Data India, 1993
  27. Claire Frachon; Marion Vargaftig (1995). European television: immigrants and ethnic minorities. John Libby. p. 265.
  28. Henrietta L. Moore (1996). The future of anthropological knowledge . Routledge. p.  57. ISBN   978-0-415-10786-0.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Porus</span> Ancient Indian ruler

Porus or Poros was an ancient South Asian king whose territory spanned the region between the Jhelum River (Hydaspes) and Chenab River (Acesines), in the Punjab region. He is only mentioned in Greek sources.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chandragupta Maurya</span> Founder of the Maurya Empire (350–295 BCE)

Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Maurya Empire, a geographically-extensive empire based in Magadha. He reigned from 320 BCE to 298 BCE. The Magadha kingdom expanded to become an empire that reached its peak under the reign of his grandson, Ashoka the Great, from 268 BCE to 231 BCE. The nature of the political formation that existed in Chandragupta's time is not certain. The Mauryan empire was a loose-knit one with large autonomous regions within its limits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chanakya</span> Ancient Indian polymath (375–283 BCE)

Chanakya was an ancient Indian polymath who was active as a teacher, author, strategist, philosopher, economist, jurist, and royal advisor. He is traditionally identified as Kauṭilya or Vishnugupta, who authored the ancient Indian political treatise, the Arthashastra, a text dated to roughly between the fourth century BCE and the third century CE. As such, he is considered the pioneer of the field of political science and economics in India, and his work is thought of as an important precursor to classical economics. His works were lost near the end of the Gupta Empire in the sixth century CE and not rediscovered until the early 20th century. Around 321 BCE, Chanakya assisted the first Mauryan emperor Chandragupta in his rise to power and is widely credited for having played an important role in the establishment of the Maurya Empire. Chanakya served as the chief advisor to both emperors Chandragupta and his son Bindusara.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maurya Empire</span> Ancient Indian empire (322–184 BCE)

The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in South Asia based in Magadha. Founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BCE, it existed in loose-knit fashion until 185 BCE. The empire was centralized by the conquest of the Indo-Gangetic Plain; its capital city was located at Pataliputra. Outside this imperial centre, the empire's geographical extent was dependent on the loyalty of military commanders who controlled the armed cities scattered within it. During Ashoka's rule the empire briefly controlled the major urban hubs and arteries of the Indian subcontinent excepting the deep south. It declined for about 50 years after Ashoka's rule, and dissolved in 185 BCE with the assassination of Brihadratha by Pushyamitra Shunga and foundation of the Shunga dynasty in Magadha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greek campaigns in India</span>

In ancient times, trade between the Indian subcontinent and Greece flourished with silk, spices and gold being traded. The Greeks invaded South Asia several times, starting with the conquest of Alexander the Great and later with the Indo-Greek Kingdom.

Chandra is a Hindu lunar deity.

Khagaul is a city and a municipality in Patna district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is a part of the Danapur-cum-Khagaul block of Patna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chandraprakash Dwivedi</span> Indian filmmaker and screenwriter

Chandraprakash Dwivedi is an Indian actor, film director and screenwriter, who is best known for directing the 1991 television epic Chanakya in which he also played the title role of the political strategist Chanakya and an inspiration for millions. He has also directed the 1996 television series Mrityunjay which is based on the life of Karna, one of the main characters of the epic Mahabharata, for which he won a Screen Videocon Best Director award. His other major work is the 2003 film Pinjar, a tragic love story set amidst the Hindu-Muslim tensions during the Partition of India, based on Amrita Pritam's novel of the same name. He also wrote and directed Akshay Kumar-starrer Samrat Prithviraj (2022). He was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian honour of the country, in 2022.

The Vishakanya were young women reportedly used as assassins, often against powerful enemies, during the times of Ancient India. Their blood and bodily fluids were purportedly poisonous to other humans, as was mentioned in the ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, Arthashastra, written by Chanakya, an adviser and a prime minister to the first Maurya Emperor Chandragupta.

Ravi Jhankal is an Indian television, stage and film actor, mostly known for working in Shyam Benegal's films, including Welcome to Sajjanpur (2008) and Well Done Abba (2010) and for the role of P. V. Narasimha Rao in Pradhanmantri . He is also part of Surnai, Mumbai-based theatre group.

<i>Mrityunjay</i> (TV series) Indian TV series or programme

Mrityunjay is an Indian television series based on the Marathi novel by Shivaji Sawant, produced by Jamshaid Ashraf and directed by Dr. Chandraprakash Dwivedi. It was telecast on Doordarshan in 1996. The series takes a look at the events in the Mahabharata

<i>Chandragupta</i> (board game) Board wargame

Chandragupta is a board wargame designed by Stephen R. Welch and released in 2008 by GMT Games as part of the Great Battles of History (GBoH) series of games on ancient warfare. Chandragupta simulates battles fought by the Mauryan Dynasty in ancient India, and in so doing, attempts to illuminate the features, challenges, and unique attributes of the Indian military system and culture during this period.

<i>Chandragupta Maurya</i> (2011 TV series) Indian TV series or programme

Chandragupta Maurya is an Indian Historical drama series being broadcast on Dangal TV, based on the life of Chandragupta Maurya, an Indian emperor of ancient India and the founder of the Mauryan Empire. Chandragupta Maurya was first aired in March 2011 on Imagine TV. Ashish Sharma played the role of adult Chandragupta Maurya.

Manish Wadhwa is an Indian actor and voice actor. He is best known for his roles Chanakya in Chandragupta Maurya, Balaji Vishwanath Bhatt in Peshwa Bajirao, Kans in Paramavatar Shri Krishna, Amal Nanda/Dansh in Hero – Gayab Mode On and Major General Hamid Iqbal In Gadar 2.

<i>Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat</i> 2015 Indian historical drama serial

Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat is a 2015 Indian historical drama TV series that aired on Colors TV from 2 February 2015 to 7 October 2016. The show was created and written by author and screenwriter Ashok Banker. It stars Mohit Raina as Ashoka with Siddharth Nigam portraying the young version of the character.

<i>Chandra Nandini</i> Indian TV series or programme

Chandra Nandini is an Indian Hindi-language Historical fictional drama television series which aired on Star Plus from 10 October 2016 until 10 November 2017. It was produced by Ekta Kapoor under her banner Balaji Telefilms and is directed by Ranjan Kumar Singh. Starring Rajat Tokas as Chandragupta Maurya and Shweta Basu Prasad as a princess Nandni, the story-line is loosely based on the life of Chandragupta Maurya.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of ancient Taxila</span> Ancient university in Taxila, Pakistan

The University of ancient Taxila was an ancient higher-learning institution in Taxila, Gandhara, in present-day Punjab, Pakistan, near the bank of the Indus River. It was established as a centre of education in religious and secular topics. It started as a Vedic seat of learning; while in the early centuries CE it became a prominent centre of Buddhist scholarship as well.

<i>Chandragupta Maurya</i> (2018 TV series) Indian historical drama television series

Chandragupta Maurya is an Indian historical television show that aired on Sony TV from 14 November 2018 to 30 August 2019. Written by Raj Routh, the show is based on the life of Chandragupta Maurya, the first Mauryan emperor and founder of the Maurya Empire. The show is produced by Siddharth Kumar Tewary's One Life Studios.

Rakshasa is a character in the ancient Indian Sanskrit-language play Mudrarakshasa. In the play, he holds the post of Amatya in the Nanda and Maurya courts of Magadha. Originally a minister of the Nanda king, he escapes during Chandragupta Maurya's conquest of the Nanda empire. He then makes several attempts to overthrow Chandragupta, but each time, he is outsmarted by Chandragupta's advisor Chanakya. Finally, he agrees to give up the resistance, and accepts the post of amatya in the Maurya court.

The Indian subcontinent has a long history of education and learning from the era of Indus Valley civilization. Important ancient institutions of learning in ancient India are Takshashila, Kashmir Smast, Nalanda, Valabhi University, Sharada Peeth, Pushpagiri Vihara, Odantapuri University, Vikramashila, Somapura Mahavihara, Bikrampur Vihara, Jagaddala Mahavihara.

References