Shyam Benegal | |
---|---|
Born | |
Occupation(s) | Film director, screenwriter |
Works | Full list |
Spouse | Nira Benegal |
Children | 1 |
Relatives | Guru Dutt (cousin) |
Awards | 1976 Padma Shri 1991 Padma Bhushan 2005 Dadasaheb Phalke Award 2013 ANR National Award |
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha | |
In office 16 February 2006 –15 February 2012 | |
Shyam Benegal (born 14 December 1934) is an Indian film director,screenwriter and documentary filmmaker. Often regarded as the pioneer of parallel cinema,he is widely considered as one of the greatest filmmakers post 1970s. [1] He has received several accolades,including eighteen National Film Awards,a Filmfare Award and a Nandi Award. In 2005,he was honoured with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award,India's highest award in the field of cinema. In 1976,he was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Shri,the fourth-highest civilian honour of the country,and in 1991,he was awarded Padma Bhushan, [2] the third-highest civilian honour for his contributions in the field of arts.
Benegal was born in Hyderabad to Sridhar B. Benegal who was prominent in the field of photography. [3] Starting his career as a copywriter,he made his first Documentary film in Gujarati,Gher Betha Ganga (Ganges at the Doorstep) in 1962. Benegal's first four feature films Ankur (1973), Nishant (1975), Manthan (1976) and Bhumika (1977) made him a pioneer of the new wave film movement of that period. [4] Benegal's films,Mammo (1994),along with Sardari Begum (1996) and Zubeidaa (2001) all of which won National Film Awards for Best Feature Film in Hindi,form the Muslim women Trilogy. [5] Benegal has won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi seven times. He was awarded the V. Shantaram Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018.
Shyam Benegal was born on 14 December 1934 in a Konkani-speaking [6] Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin family [7] in Hyderabad,as Shyam Sunder Benegal. [8] His father hailed from Karnataka. [9] When he was twelve years old,he made his first film,on a camera given to him by his photographer father Sridhar B. Benegal. He received an M.A. in Economics from Osmania University,Hyderabad. [10] There he established the Hyderabad Film Society.
Film director and actor Guru Dutt's maternal grandmother and Shyam's paternal grandmother were sisters,thus making Dutt and Shyam second cousins. [11]
In 1959,he started working as a copywriter at a Mumbai-based advertising agency,Lintas Advertising,where he steadily rose to become the creative head. Meanwhile,Benegal made his first documentary in Gujarati,Gher Betha Ganga (Ganges at the Doorstep) in 1962. His first feature film had to wait another decade while he worked on the script. [12]
In 1963 he had a brief stint with another advertising agency called ASP (Advertising,Sales and Promotion). During his advertising years,he directed over 900 sponsored documentaries and advertising films.
Between 1966 and 1973,Shyam taught at the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII),Pune,and twice served as the institute's chairman:1980–83 and 1989–92. By this time he had already started making documentaries. One of his early documentaries A Child of the Streets (1967),garnered him wide acclaim. [13] In all,he has made over 70 documentary and short films. [14]
He was awarded the Homi J. Bhabha Fellowship (1970–72) [10] which allowed him to work at the Children's Television Workshop,New York,and later at Boston's WGBH-TV.
After returning to Mumbai,he received independent financing and Ankur (The Seedling) was finally made in 1973. It was a realistic drama of economic and sexual exploitation in his home state,Telangana,and Benegal instantly shot to fame. The film introduced actors Shabana Azmi and Anant Nag and Benegal won the 1975 National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film. Shabana won the National Film Award for Best Actress.
The success that New India Cinema enjoyed in the 1970s and early 1980s could largely be attributed to Shyam Benegal's quartet:Ankur (1973),Nishant (1975),Manthan (1976) and Bhumika (1977). Benegal used a variety of new actors,mainly from the FTII and NSD,such as Naseeruddin Shah,Om Puri,Smita Patil,Shabana Azmi,Kulbhushan Kharbanda and Amrish Puri.
In Benegal's next film, Nishant (Night's End) (1975),a teacher's wife is abducted and gang-raped by four zamindars;officialdom turns a deaf ear to the distraught husband's pleas for help. Manthan (The Churning) (1976) is a film on rural empowerment and is set against the backdrop of Gujarat's fledgling dairy industry. For the first time,over five lakh (half a million) [15] rural farmers in Gujarat contributed ₹ 2 each and thus became the film's producers. Upon its release,truckloads of farmers came to see "their" film,making it a success at the box office. [16] After this trilogy on rural oppression,Benegal made a biopic Bhumika (The Role) (1977),broadly based on the life of well-known Marathi stage and film actress of the 1940s,Hansa Wadkar (played by Smita Patil),who led a flamboyant and unconventional life. The main character sets out on an individual search for identity and self-fulfilment,while also grappling with exploitation by men. [17]
In the early 1970s,Shyam made 21 film modules for Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE),sponsored by UNICEF. This allowed him to interact with children of SITE and many folk artists. Eventually he used many of these children in his feature length rendition of the classic folk tale Charandas Chor (Charandas the Thief) in 1975. He made it for the Children's Film Society,India. [18] To quote film critic Derek Malcolm:
what Benegal has done is to paint a magnificent visual recreation of those extraordinary days and one that is also sensitive to the agonies and predicament of a talented woman whose need for security was only matched by her insistence on freedom. [19]
Unlike most New Cinema filmmakers,Benegal has had private backers for many of his films and institutional backing for a few,including Manthan (Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation) and Susman (1987) (Handloom Co-operatives). However,his films did not have proper releases. He turned to TV where he directed serials such as Yatra (1986),for the Indian Railways,and one of the biggest projects undertaken on Indian television,the 53-episode television serial Bharat Ek Khoj (1988) based on Jawaharlal Nehru's book, Discovery of India . [8] This gave him an added advantage,as he managed to survive the collapse of the New Cinema movement in the late 1980s due to paucity of funding,with which were lost many neo-realist filmmakers. Benegal continued making films throughout the next two decades. He also served as the Director of the National Film Development Corporation (NFDC) from 1980 to 1986. [10]
Following the success of these four films,Benegal was backed by star Shashi Kapoor,for whom he made Junoon (1978) and Kalyug (1981). The former was an interracial love story set amidst the turbulent period of the Indian Rebellion of 1857,while the latter was based on the Mahabharata and was not a big hit,although both won Filmfare Best Movie Awards in 1980 and 1982,respectively.
Benegal's next film Mandi (1983),was a satirical comedy about politics and prostitution,starring Shabana Azmi and Smita Patil. Later,working from his own story,based on the last days of Portuguese in Goa,in the early 1960s,Shyam explored human relationships in Trikal (1985).
Soon,Shyam Benegal stepped beyond traditional narrative films and took to biographical material to achieve greater freedom of expression. [20] His first venture in this genre was with a documentary film based on Satyajit Ray's life,Satyajit Ray,in 1985. This was followed by works such as Sardari Begum (1996) and Zubeidaa ,which was written by filmmaker and critic Khalid Mohamed.
In 1985 he was a member of the jury at the 14th Moscow International Film Festival. [21] And in 1988,he served as the jury chairperson of 35th National Film Awards of 1987.
The 1990s saw Shyam Benegal making a trilogy on Indian Muslim women,starting with Mammo (1994), Sardari Begum (1996) and Zubeidaa (2001). With Zubeidaa,he entered mainstream Bollywood,as it starred top Bollywood star Karishma Kapoor and boasted music by A. R. Rahman.
In 1992,he made Suraj Ka Satvan Ghoda (Seventh Horse of the Sun),based on a novel by Dharmavir Bharati,which won the 1993 National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi. In 1996 he made another film based on the book The Making of the Mahatma ,based on Fatima Meer's,The Apprenticeship of a Mahatma. This turn to biographical material resulted in Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose:The Forgotten Hero ,his 2005 English language film. He criticised the Indian caste system in Samar (1999),which went on to win the National Film Award for Best Feature Film.
Benegal is the current president of the Federation of Film Societies of India. He owns a production company called Sahyadri Films.
He has authored three books based on his own films:The Churning with Vijay Tendulkar (1984),based on Manthan ;Satyajit Ray (1988),based on his biographical film,Satyajit Ray;and The Marketplace (1989),which was based on Mandi .
In 2009 he was a member of the jury at the 31st Moscow International Film Festival. [22]
In 2008,his film Welcome to Sajjanpur ,starring Shreyas Talpade and Amrita Rao,was released to a good response. [23] Its music was composed by Shantanu Moitra, [24] and it was produced by Chetan Motiwalla. Shyam Benegal is slated to direct an epic musical,Chamki Chameli, [25] inspired by Georges Bizet's classic Spanish opera Carmen . The story revolves around the eponymous Chamki,a beautiful gypsy girl with a fiery temper and is written by Shama Zaidi. The music is by A. R. Rahman and lyrics are by Javed Akhtar.
In March 2010,Benegal released the political satire Well Done Abba .
One of Benegal's future projects is a film based on the life of Noor Inayat Khan,daughter of Inayat Khan and descendant of Tipu Sultan,who served as a British spy during World War II. [26] [27]
Benegal made a comeback on the small screen with Samvidhaan ,a 10-part mini-series revolving around the making of the Indian Constitution,to be aired on Rajya Sabha TV from 2 March 2014. [28] Along with Benegal,Tom Alter,Dalip Tahil,Sachin Khedekar,Divya Dutta,Rajendra Gupta,K K Raina,and Ila Arun were seen at the press conference for the TV series.
Government of Bangladesh has confirmed Benegal would direct the biopic of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman named Mujib:The Making of a Nation . The film will be released presumably by 2022. [29] [30]
Shyam Benegal is married to Nira Benegal and has a daughter,Pia Benegal, [31] a costume designer,who worked for many films. [32]
Khalid Mohamed is an Indian journalist, editor, film critic, screenwriter and film director. He worked for The Times of India for 27 years and then DNA followed by Hindustan Times and was the lead editor for Filmfare magazine. He is the son of Zubeida Begum, on whose life he wrote the screenplay of Shyam Benegal's 2001 film, Zubeidaa.
Shabana Azmi is an Indian actress of film, television and theatre. Her career in the Hindi film industry has spanned over 160 films, mostly within independent and neorealist parallel cinema, though her work extended to mainstream films as well as a number of international projects. One of India's most acclaimed actresses, Azmi is known for her portrayals of distinctive, often unconventional female characters across several genres. She has won a record of five National Film Awards for Best Actress, in addition to six Filmfare Awards and several international accolades. The Government of India honoured her with the Padma Shri in 1998 and the Padma Bhushan in 2012.
Victor Banerjee is an Indian actor who appears in English, Hindi, Bengali and Assamese language films. He has worked with directors such as Roman Polanski, James Ivory, Sir David Lean, Jerry London, Ronald Neame, Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, Shyam Benegal, and Montazur Rahman Akbar. He won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film Ghare Baire. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, in 2022 for his huge contribution to cinema by the Indian Government in the field of art.
Zubeidaa is a 2001 Indian film directed by Shyam Benegal and written by Khalid Mohammed. It stars Karisma Kapoor, Rekha, Manoj Bajpayee, Surekha Sikri, Rajit Kapoor, Lillete Dubey, Amrish Puri, Farida Jalal, and Shakti Kapoor. A.R. Rahman has scored the background music and soundtrack for the movie.
Anant Nagarkatte is an Indian actor whose predominant contribution has been in Kannada cinema. He has acted in over 300 films which include over 200 Kannada films as well as Hindi, Telugu, Marathi, Malayalam and English films. He has featured in theatre plays, parallel cinema and television shows.
Smita Patil was an Indian film and theatre actress who primarily worked in Hindi and Marathi films. Regarded among the finest and greatest actresses in the history of Indian cinema, Patil appeared in over 80 films, in a career that spanned over a decade. Patil was the recipient of two National Film Awards, a Filmfare Award, a Maharashtra State Film Award and two Filmfare Awards Marathi. In 1985, she received the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honour.
Dev Benegal is an Indian filmmaker and screenwriter, most known for his debut film English, August (1994), which won the Best Feature Film in English at the 42nd National Film Awards.
Shama Zaidi is an Indian screenplay writer, costume designer, art director, theatre person, art critic, and documentary film maker. She is married to director M. S. Sathyu. Shama Zaidi Was Honored with Lifetime Achievement Award at ICA - International Cultural Artifact Film Festival in 2021.
Parallel cinema, or New Indian Cinema, is a film movement in Indian cinema that originated in the state of West Bengal in the 1950s as an alternative to the mainstream commercial Indian cinema.
Ankur is an Indian colour film of 1974. It was the first feature film directed by Shyam Benegal and the debut of Indian actors Anant Nag and Shabana Azmi. Anant Nag was introduced in Ankur by Shyam Benegal in Hindi film after his higher education in Mumbai. The film was shot in Hyderabad. Though Shabana Azmi had acted in other films as well, Ankur was her first release.
Mammo is a 1994 Indian Hindi-language film by Shyam Benegal. It stars Farida Jalal, Surekha Sikri, Amit Phalke and Rajit Kapur.
Nishant is a 1975 Hindi drama film directed by Shyam Benegal, based on an original screenplay by noted playwright Vijay Tendulkar, with dialogues by Satyadev Dubey.
Sardari Begum is a 1996 Indian musical film directed by Shyam Benegal. The film stars Kiron Kher, Amrish Puri, Rajit Kapur and Rajeshwari Sachdev.
Javed Siddiqui is a Hindi and Urdu screenwriter, dialogue writer and playwright from India. He has written over 50 storylines, screenplays and dialogues.
Vanraj Bhatia was an Indian composer best known for his work in Indian New Wave cinema. He was also one of the leading composers of Western classical music in India.
Rajeshwari Sachdev is an Indian actress known for her role in Shyam Benegal's film Sardari Begum (1996), for which she won the 1997 National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress.
Satyadev Dubey was an Indian theatre director, actor, playwright, screenwriter & film director. He was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1971.
Ravi Jhankal is an Indian television, stage and film actor, mostly known for working in Shyam Benegal's films, including Welcome to Sajjanpur (2008) and Well Done Abba (2010) and for the role of P. V. Narasimha Rao in Pradhanmantri . He is also part of Surnai, Mumbai-based theatre group.
Smriti Mishra is an Indian actress, most known for her roles in Shyam Benegal's Sardari Begum (1996), Sudhir Mishra's Is Raat Ki Subah Nahin (1996), Pamela Rooks's Train to Pakistan (1998), Manish Tiwary's Dil Dosti Etc (2007) and Vijay Singh's Jaya Ganga (1996).
The New York Indian Film Festival (NYIFF) is an annual film festival that takes place in New York City, and screens films relating to India, the Indian Diaspora, and the work of Indian filmmakers. The festival began in November 2001 and was founded by Aroon Shivdasani and the Indo-American Arts Council. About 40 films are screened, including features films, shorts, documentaries, and animated films.
Konkani has been the mother-tongue of some very famous Indians, like filmmakers Guru Dutt and Shyam Benegal .....
Benegal's father was a professional photographer originally from Karnataka, and, as a result, Benegal grew up speaking mostly Konkani and English.