Adoor Gopalakrishnan | |
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Born | Mouttathu Gopalakrishnan Unnithan 3 July 1941 Mannadi, Adoor, Pathanamthitta district, Travancore, British India (present day Adoor, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India) |
Other names | Adoor |
Alma mater | Film and Television Institute of India [1] |
Occupations |
|
Years active | 1965–present |
Spouse | Sunanda (died 2015) |
Children | 1 |
Awards |
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Website | adoorgopalakrishnan |
Adoor Gopalakrishnan (born 3 July 1941) is an Indian film director, script writer, and producer and is regarded as one of the most notable and renowned filmmakers in India. With the release of his first feature film Swayamvaram (1972), Gopalakrishnan pioneered the new wave in Malayalam cinema during the 1970s. [2] In a career spanning over five decades, Gopalakrishnan has made only 12 feature films to date. His films are made in the Malayalam language and often depict the society and culture of his native state Kerala. Nearly all of his films premiered at Venice, Cannes and Toronto International Film Festival. Along with Satyajit Ray and Mrinal Sen, Gopalakrishnan is one of the most recognized Indian film directors in world cinema. [3] [4]
For his films, Gopalakrishnan has won the National Film Award 16 times, next only to Ray and Sen. He also won the Kerala State Film Awards 17 times. He was awarded the State honours Padma Shri in 1984 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2006. He received the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2004 for his valuable contributions to Indian cinema. [5] In 2016, he was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema. The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee have established an archive and research center, the Adoor Gopalakrishnan Film Archive and Research Center, at their Peck School of Arts where research students will have access to 35 mm prints of the eleven feature films and several documentaries made by Gopalakrishnan. [6]
Gopalakrishnan was born on 3 July 1941 in the village of Pallickal (Medayil Bungalow) near Adoor, present-day Kerala.[ citation needed ]
After securing a degree in Economics, Political Science and Public Administration in 1961 from the Gandhigram Rural Institute, [7] he worked as a Government officer near Dindigul in Tamil Nadu. In 1962, he left his job to study screenwriting and direction at the Film and Television Institute of India Pune. He completed his course from there with a scholarship from the Government of India. With his classmates and friends, Gopalakrishnan established Chithralekha Film Society and Chalachithra Sahakarana Sangham; the organization was the first film society in Kerala and it aimed at production, distribution and exhibition of films in the co-operative sector.
Gopalakrishnan's debut film, the national award-winning Swayamvaram (1972) was a milestone in Malayalam film history. The film was exhibited widely in various international film festivals including those held in Moscow, Melbourne, London and Paris. The films that followed namely Kodiyettam, Elippathayam, Mukhamukham, Anantaram, Mathilukal , Vidheyan and Kathapurushan lived up to the reputation of his first film and were well received by critics at various film festivals and fetched him many awards. However, Mukhamukham was criticized in Kerala while Vidheyan was at the centre of a debate due to the differences in opinion between the writer of story of the film Sakhariya and Gopalakrishnan.
Gopalakrishnan's later films are Nizhalkuthu , narrating the experiences of an executioner who learns that one of his subjects was innocent, and Naalu Pennungal , a film adaptation of four short stories by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai.
All his films have won national and international awards (National award for best film twice, best director five times, and best script two times. His films have also won his actors and technicians several national awards). Gopalakrishnan's third feature, Elippathayam won him the coveted British Film Institute Award for 'the most original and imaginative film' of 1982. The International Film Critics Prize (FIPRESCI) has gone to him six times successively for Mukhamukham, Anantharam, Mathilukal, Vidheyan, Kathapurushan and Nizhalkkuthu. Winner of several international awards like the UNICEF film prize (Venice), OCIC film prize (Amiens), INTERFILM Prize (Mannheim) etc., his films have been shown in Cannes, Venice, Berlin, Toronto, London, Rotterdam and every important festival around the world.
In consideration of his contribution to Indian cinema, the nation honoured him with the title of Padma Shri (India's fourth highest civilian award) in 1984 and Padma Vibhushan (India's second highest civilian award) in 2006.
Gopalakrishnan is settled in Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala. His daughter Aswathi Dorje is an IPS officer (part of the Assam cadre, 2000 batch), currently acting as Deputy Commissioner of Police in Mumbai since June 2010. [8] [9]
In December 2023, alongside 50 other filmmakers, Gopalakrishnan signed an open letter published in Libération demanding a ceasefire and an end to the killing of civilians amid the 2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip, and for a humanitarian corridor into Gaza to be established for humanitarian aid, and the release of hostages. [10] [11] [12]
His biography Face to Face: The Cinema of Adoor Gopalakrishnan (2016) has been written by film scholar Parthajit Baruah of Assam. [13] [14]
Apart from nine feature films, he has over 30 short films and documentaries to his credit. The Helsinki Film Festival was the first film festival to have a retrospective of his films. He has headed the jury at the National Film Awards and many international film festivals.
Apart from his films, Gopalakrishnan's major contribution towards introducing a new cinema culture in Kerala was the constitution of the first Film Society in Kerala, "Chitralekha Film Society". He also took active part in the constitution of "Chitralekha", Kerala's first Film Co-operative Society for film production. These movements triggered a fresh wave of films, called "art films", by directors like G Aravindan, PA Becker, KG George, Pavithran, and Raveendran. At a time this movement was so strong that even popular cinema synthesised with art cinema to create a new genre of films. Bharat Gopi starred as hero 4 times in his ventures.
According to Gopalakrishnan "[i]n movies, the actor is not performing to the audience like the stage actor. Here they are acting for me. I am the audience and I will decide whether it is correct or not, enough or not." [15]
In 2014, Gopalakrishnan, then heading the advisory committee of The International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK), irked controversy for introducing measures such as delegate passes being given only to those who can speak English since foreign films come with English subtitles, these changes were criticized for promoting old-world elitism and restricting the festival's appeal. [16]
In 2023, he faced criticism for defending the K. R. Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts director, Shankar Mohan, accused of violating reservation norms and discriminating based on caste and class. Gopalakrishan's statements, dismissing allegations and emphasizing Shankar Mohan's credentials, have drawn ire. [17]
The students accused Gopalakrishnan, the chairman of the film institute, of shielding the institute director and not addressing their concerns. [18]
Some of the awards and appreciation Gopalakrishnan has won for his films include:
National Film Awards (Detailed):
Kerala State Film Awards (Detailed):
Kerala Film Critics Association Awards (Detailed): [26]
A retrospective of his films was conducted in
Year | Title | Duration | Category | Awards |
---|---|---|---|---|
1965 | A Great Day | 20 mins | Short fiction | |
1966 | A Day at Kovalam | 30 mins | Documentary | |
1967 | The Myth | 50 Seconds | Short fiction | Merit Certificate, Expo 67, Montreal |
1968 | Danger at Your Door-step | 20 mins | Documentary | |
1968 | And Man created | 8 mins | Documentary | |
1968 | Manntharikal (Grains of Sand) | 20 mins | Documentary | |
1969 | Towards National STD | 20 mins | Documentary | |
1969 | A Mission of Love | 30 mins | Documentary | |
1966 | Your Food | 60 mins | Documentary | |
1970 | Pratisandhi (The Impasse) | 55 mins | Docu-drama | |
1971 | Romance of Rubber | 30 mins | Documentary | |
1972 | Swayamvaram (One's Own Choice) | 125 mins | Feature film | National Awards for Best Film, Best Director, Best Actress and Best Cinematographer. Entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival. [31] |
1973 | Kilimanooril Oru Dasalakshadhipati (A Millionaire is Born) | 20 mins | Documentary | |
1974 | Guru Chengannur | 17 mins | Documentary | |
1975 | Past in Perspective | 20 mins | Documentary | |
1976 | Idukki | 60 mins | Documentary | |
1977 | Kodiyettam (Ascent) | 128 mins | Feature film | National Awards for Best Feature Film in Malayalam and Best Actor |
1978 | Four Shorts on Family Planning | 16 mins | Documentary | |
1979 | Yakshagana | 20 mins | Documentary | |
1980 | Chola Heritage | 20 mins | Documentary | |
1981 | Elippathayam (The Rat Trap) | 121 mins | Feature film | Sutherland Trophy at 1982 London Film Festival National Awards for Best Feature Film in Malayalam and Best Audiography |
1982 | Krishnanattam | 20 mins | Documentary | |
1984 | Mukhamukham (Face to Face) | 107 mins | Feature film | FIPRESCI Prize, New Delhi, National Awards for Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best Audiography |
1985 | Eau/Ganga (Ganges-Water) | 140 mins | Documentary | Grand Prize, Cinema du reel, Paris |
1987 | Anantaram (Monologue) | 125 mins | Feature film | FIPRESCI Prize, Karlovy Vary. National awards for best director, best screenplay, and best audiography |
1990 | Mathilukal (The Walls) | 117 mins | Feature film | FIPRESCI prize, Venice, UNICEF Film Prize, Venice, OCIC Prize, Amiens. National Award for best director, best actor, best regional film and best audiography |
1993 | Vidheyan (The Servile) | 112 mins | Feature film | Feature FIPRESCI and Special Jury Prize, Singapore. Interfilm Jury Prize, Mannheim. Netpac prize, Rotterdam. National Award for best actor and best regional film |
1995 | Kathapurushan (The Man of the Story) | 107 mins | Feature film | FIPRESCI Prize, National award for the best film |
1995 | Kalamandalam Gopi | 43 mins | Documentary | |
2001 | Koodiyattam | 180 mins | Documentary | |
2002 | Nizhalkuthu (Shadow Kill) | 90 mins | Feature film | FIPRESCI, Mumbai. National award for best regional film |
2005 | Kalamandalam Ramankutty Nair | 73 mins | Documentary | |
2007 | Dance of the Enchantress | 72 mins | Documentary | |
2007 | Naalu Pennungal (Four Women) | 105 mins | Feature film | National Award for best director |
2008 | Oru Pennum Randaanum (A Climate for Crime) | 115 mins | Feature film | Kerala State award for best director 2009 |
2016 | Pinneyum (Once Again) | Feature film | ||
2019 | Sukhantyam (A Happy End) | Short fiction |
Madhavan Nair, commonly known by his stage name Madhu, is an Indian actor, director, producer, former college lecturer and former film studio owner, who works in Malayalam cinema and a certain number of Hindi and Tamil films. He was a prominent lead actor during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s and has acted in more than 400 films. Madhu has also directed 12 films, produced 15 films and at one time owned the Uma Film Studio. He was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2013 for his contributions towards the arts. He was honored with the J. C. Daniel Award by the Government of Kerala in 2004, for his outstanding contributions to Malayalam films. He is the president of Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA) Kerala Unit.
Gopynathan Velayudhan Nair, popularly known by the stage name Bharat Gopy, was an Indian actor, producer, and director. Considered one of the greatest actors in the history of Indian cinema, Gopy was one of the first actors to be associated with the New Wave cinema movement in Kerala during the 1970s.
Swayamvaram is a 1972 Indian Malayalam-language drama film co-written and directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan, starring Madhu and Sharada in the lead roles. Notable smaller roles were played by Thikkurisi Sukumaran Nair, Adoor Bhavani, K. P. A. C. Lalitha, and Bharath Gopi. The film depicts the life of a couple—Vishwam (Madhu) and Sita (Sharada)—who have married against their parents' wishes and want to start a new life at a new place. The title is an allusion to the ancient Indian practice of a girl of marriageable age choosing a husband from among a list of suitors.
K. P. Kumaran is an Indian film maker who works in the Malayalam cinema. He co-authored the script of Swayamvaram directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan. Kumaran's first directorial venture was Athithi. His major films include Rugmini, Thenthulli, Laxmivijayam and Thottam. His latest film, Akasha Gopuram, is based on Henrik Ibsen's play The Master Builder.
Naalu Pennungal is a 2007 Malayalam language anthology film produced and directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan based on four short stories written by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai. The film stars Padmapriya, Geethu Mohandas, Manju Pillai and Nandita Das in the major roles and KPAC Lalitha, Mukesh, Manoj K. Jayan, Kavya Madhavan, Sreejith Ravi, Nandhu, Remya Nabeeshan, and M. R. Gopakumar in supporting roles.
Mukhamukham (1984) is a Malayalam feature film written and directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan.
Kodiyettam is a Malayalam-language film written and directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan. The film stars Bharat Gopy in the lead role. Notable smaller roles were played by K. P. A. C. Lalitha, Kuttyedathi Vilasini, Azeez and Adoor Bhawani. The film depicts the life of Shankaran Kutty, a carefree simpleton who eventually rises to be a mature, responsible adult. The title of the film translates to 'Ascent' which symbolizes the growth of Shankaran Kutty.
Mankada Ravi Varma was an Indian cinematographer and director who worked in Malayalam cinema. He is exclusively known for his association with renowned film-maker Adoor Gopalakrishnan. He has associated with other major directors such as G. Aravindan and P. N. Menon. He has also directed two films. He has won two National Film Awards and seven Kerala State Film Awards in various categories. In 2006, he was honoured with the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema.
Praveena is an Indian actress and dubbing artist who predominantly appears in Malayalam television series and films in addition to a few Tamil television series and films. She is known for portraying mother roles in films & television operas.
Mathilukal (transl. Walls) is a 1990 Indian Malayalam-language film written, directed, and produced by Adoor Gopalakrishnan based on the autobiographical novel of the same name by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. The film focuses on the prison life of Vaikom Muhammad Basheer and the love between him and Narayani, a female inmate of the prison, who remains unseen throughout the film. Mammootty plays the role of Vaikom Muhammad Basheer while K. P. A. C. Lalitha gives voice to Narayani. The film was screened at the Venice Film Festival.
Ravi Vallathol was an Indian actor, mainly noted for his acting in many famous serials, including the first serial in Malayalam.
Narayanan Lakshmi Balakrishnan, commonly known as N. L. Balakrishnan, was an Indian film still photographer and actor who worked in Malayalam cinema. He worked as a still photographer in about 170 films and has associated with great directors including G. Aravindan, John Abraham, Adoor Gopalakrishnan, P. Padmarajan, Bharathan and K. G. George. He was an actor, with 180 credits to his name, and has also worked as a photo journalist with Kerala Kaumudi.
Narayanan Nair Harikumar is a sound editor, designer and mixing engineer, known for his works in Malayalam films. He has won two National Film Awards and nine Kerala State Film Awards for audiography. He has worked for many Adoor Gopalakrishnan movies like Anantaram, Mathilukal, Nizhalkuthu, Naalu Pennungal, Oru Pennum Randaanum etc. He worked as Chief Sound Engineer and Studio Manager at Kerala State Film Development Corporation's Chithranjali Studio and later as the Chief Audio Engineer at Aries Vismayas Max.
M. J. Radhakrishnan was an Indian cinematographer working mainly in Malayalam films. He got National film award 2018 as best cinematographer for his work on Malayalam movie Oolu. He won Kerala State Award for Best Cinematography 7 times, equal with Mankada Ravi Varma. Earlier he worked as a still photographer and then as an associate to cinematographer turned director Shaji N. Karun. His important works included Deshadanam (1996), Karunam (1999) Naalu Pennungal (2007), Veettilekkulla Vazhi (2010) and Akasathinte Niram. His films were screened at several prominent film festivals around the world including Cannes, Shanghai, Cairo, Montreal, Telluride, Jeonju, Toronto, Chicago, Rhode Island and Rotterdam. One of his works, Marana Simhasanam, won Caméra d'Or in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival. Another film Veyilmarangal won Golden Goblet award for Outstanding Artistic achievement at Shanghai International Film Festival 2019. He worked on over 117 feature films and several documentaries and worked with some of the prominent Indian filmmakers including Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Murali Nair, Shaji N. Karun, TV Chandran, Dr. Biju, Jayaraj and Renjith. He mostly worked on arthouse films and was known for his natural lighting styles. In a career spanning more than two decades, he worked with a number of young film makers, mostly in their maiden ventures. Film Kalamandalam Hyderali 2019, directed by Kiran G. Nath was his last completed work as director of photography.
Krishna Ravindranathan Nair , also known as Achani Ravi or General Pictures Ravi, was an Indian film producer of Malayalam films, industrialist and philanthropist. He was known for a number of critically acclaimed films he produced, such as Kanchana Sita, Thampu, Kummatty, Esthappan, Pokkuveyil, Elippathayam, Manju, Mukhamukham, Anantaram and Vidheyan. Nair was credited with fostering the art film movement in Malayalam cinema during the period from the 1970s to the 1990s. A multiple recipient of National and State film awards, Nair was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award by the Government of Kerala, in 2008, for his contributions to Malayalam cinema.
Mohan Kupleri (Malayalam: മോഹൻ കുപ്ലേരി; born 19 June 1957) is an Indian film director in Malayalam cinema, Television Serials and Advertising Films. He made his debut cinema with Grihaprevesam (1992). His films include Nandini Oppol (1994), Kaathil Oru Kinnaram (1996), Dravidan (1998), Kattathoru Penpoovu (1998), Saavithriyude Aranjaanam (2002), Payum Puli (2007), Evadaina Sare (2007), Grihanathan (2012) and Chandragiri (2018).
Rajasekharan Parameswaran, also known as Marthandam Rajasekharan, is an Indian art director and self-taught painter from Tamil Nadu. He holds two Guinness World Records.
S. B. Satheesan is a national award-winning Indian costume designer or fashion designer working predominantly in Malayalam films.
Images/Reflections is a documentary film on Adoor Gopalakrishnan directed by Girish Kasaravalli. The documentary was first screened in April 2015 in Bangalore.
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