Intact dilation and extraction is a surgical procedure that terminates and removes an intact fetus from the uterus. The procedure is used both after miscarriages and for abortions in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. When used to perform an abortion,an intact D&E can occur after feticide or on a live fetus.
The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 is a United States law prohibiting a form of late termination of pregnancy called "partial-birth abortion",referred to in medical literature as intact dilation and extraction. Under this law,any physician "who,in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce,knowingly performs a partial-birth abortion and thereby kills a human fetus shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 2 years,or both". The law was enacted in 2003,and in 2007 its constitutionality was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Gonzales v. Carhart.
Merrick Brian Garland is an American lawyer and jurist who has served as the 86th United States attorney general since 2021. He previously served as a circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1997 to 2021. In 2016,President Barack Obama nominated Garland to the U.S. Supreme Court,but the U.S. Senate refused to hold a vote to confirm him.
Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. is an American jurist who serves as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated to the high court by President George W. Bush on October 31,2005,and has served on it since January 31,2006. After Antonin Scalia,Alito is the second Italian American justice to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court of Florida is the highest court in the U.S. state of Florida. It consists of seven justices—one of whom serves as Chief Justice. Six members are chosen from six districts around the state to foster geographic diversity,and one is selected at large.
John Glover Roberts Jr. is an American jurist serving since 2005 as the 17th chief justice of the United States. He has been described as having a moderate conservative judicial philosophy,though he is primarily an institutionalist. Regarded as a swing vote in some cases,Roberts has presided over an ideological shift toward conservative jurisprudence on the high court,in which he has authored key opinions.
The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act was a bill introduced in the Congress of the United States in 1995 by Florida Representative Charles T. Canady which prohibited intact dilation and extraction,sometimes referred to as partial-birth abortion,which the bill described as "an abortion in which the person performing the abortion partially vaginally delivers a living fetus before killing the fetus and completing the delivery". In other words,the bill sought to eliminate abortion in the third trimester. The term "partial-birth abortion," coined by the Canady,has never been recognized by the American Medical Association or the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. In November 1995,the House of Representatives passed the bill. Doctors convicted under the bill would receive a fine and up to a two-year prison sentence. The bill was passed by both chambers of Congress,but then vetoed by President Bill Clinton.
Jon Ormond Newman is a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Gonzales v. Carhart,550 U.S. 124 (2007),was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003. The case reached the high court after U.S. Attorney General,Alberto Gonzales,appealed a ruling of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit in favor of LeRoy Carhart that struck down the Act. Also before the Supreme Court was the consolidated appeal of Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit,whose ruling had the same effect as that of the Eighth Circuit.
Washington v. Glucksberg,521 U.S. 702 (1997),was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court,which unanimously held that a right to assisted suicide in the United States was not protected by the Due Process Clause.
Neil McGill Gorsuch is an American jurist who serves as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by President Donald Trump on January 31,2017,and has served since April 10,2017.
Ulysses Mercur was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania and chief justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
In the United States,black conservatism is a political and social movement rooted in African-American communities that aligns largely with the American conservative movement,including the Christian right. Black conservatism emphasizes social conservatism,traditionalism,patriotism,capitalism,and free markets. What characterizes a 'black conservative' has changed over time,and proponents do not necessarily share the same political philosophy.
Brett Michael Kavanaugh is an American lawyer and jurist serving as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by President Donald Trump on July 9,2018,and has served since October 6,2018. He was previously a U.S. circuit judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 2006 to 2018.
U.S. President Barack Obama nominated over 400 individuals for federal judgeships during his presidency. Of these nominations,Congress confirmed 329 judgeships,173 during the 111th &112th Congresses and 156 during the 113th and 114th Congresses.
Vincent Ross Spano is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative from Florida's 15th congressional district. The district stretches from Lakeland to the northeastern suburbs of Tampa. A Republican,he was first elected to Congress in the 2018 elections. He ran for reelection in the 2020 election but was defeated in the Republican primary.
Hurst v. Florida,577 U.S. 92 (2016),was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court,in an 8–1 ruling,applied the rule of Ring v. Arizona to the Florida capital sentencing scheme,holding that the Sixth Amendment requires a jury to find the aggravating factors necessary for imposing the death penalty. In Florida,under a 2013 statute,the jury made recommendations but the judge decided the facts.
With the advice and consent of the United States Senate,the president of the United States appoints the members of the Supreme Court of the United States,which is the highest court of the federal judiciary of the United States. Following his victory in the 2016 presidential election,Republican Donald Trump took office as president on January 20,2017,and faced an immediate vacancy on the Supreme Court due to the February 2016 death of Associate Justice Antonin Scalia.
California v. Texas,593 U.S. 659 (2021),was a United States Supreme Court case that dealt with the constitutionality of the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA),colloquially known as Obamacare. It was the third such challenge to the ACA seen by the Supreme Court since its enactment. The case in California followed after the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and the change to the tax penalty amount for Americans without required insurance that reduced the "individual mandate" to zero,effective for months after December 31,2018. The District Court of the Northern District of Texas concluded that this individual mandate was a critical provision of the ACA and that,with a penalty amount equal to zero,some or all of the ACA was potentially unconstitutional as an improper use of Congress's taxation powers.
In the United States,federal impeachment is the process by which the House of Representatives charges the president,vice president,or another civil federal officer for alleged misconduct. The House can impeach an individual with a simple majority of the present members or other criteria adopted by the House according to Article One,Section 2,Clause 5 of the U.S. Constitution.
