William C. Cramer

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Time and circumstance often measure a man's future. Quite often if you aspire to something, it becomes more unattainable because you are seeking it.

— William C. Cramer

Fraternal and civic activities

Cramer was a member of Veterans of Foreign Wars, the St. Petersburg College Alumni Association Board of Directors, the American Legion, AMVETS, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Order of the Eastern Star, the Moose International, and the Shriners. He was Methodist. [83]

Death and legacy

Cramer died at the age of eighty-one in South Pasadena, Florida, from complications of a heart attack. He was survived by his second wife of eleven years, the former Sarah Ellen (née Bromelow) Hilber. [2] Cramer is interred at Woodlawn Memory Gardens in St. Petersburg.

The William C. Cramer Post Office in St. Petersburg is named in his honor. [5]

Historian Billy Hathorn says that the Cramer-Kirk schism so damaged the growth of the Republican Party in the state that it took years to recover. He believes that the party lost an opportunity in the 1970 campaign, when it lost the governorship and a US Senate seat. [84] But that year Democratic candidates swept the entire South, and it took years for the shift among conservative whites to the Republican Party to take place. After the 1970 schism, the Florida GOP were confronted by the continued success for years of noncontroversial Democrats considered to be "moderates." But since the late 20th century, more voters in Florida have shifted to register and vote Republican, supporting their candidates for statewide leadership. [84]

References

  1. ↑ "Justin C. Whitney, "Florida expressways and the public works career of Congressman William C. Cramer," 2008, University of South Florida, posted at Scholar Commons, accessed 11 February 2016".
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Wolfgang Saxon, "William C. Cramer, 81, a Leader of G.O.P. Resurgence in South", October 27, 2003". The New York Times . Retrieved December 26, 2011.
  3. 1 2 Valelly, Richard M. (October 2, 2009). The Two Reconstructions: The Struggle for Black Enfranchisement. University of Chicago Press. ISBN   9780226845272 – via Google Books.
  4. ↑ Billy Hathorn, "Cramer v. Kirk: The Florida Republican Schism of 1970", The Florida Historical Quarterly, LXVII, No. 4 (April 1990), p. 404
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 William C. Cramer, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, p. 697
  6. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 404
  7. 1 2 3 Billy Hathorn, "Cramer v. Kirk: The Florida Republican Schism of 1970", The Florida Historical Quarterly, LXVII, No. 4 (April 1990)
  8. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk," pp. 404-405
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 405
  10. ↑ State of Florida, General election returns, November 4, 1952, and November 2, 1954
  11. 1 2 "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 406
  12. ↑ Robert Lee Fulton Sikes, He-Coon: The Bob Sikes Story (Pensacola, Florida, 1985), p. 324
  13. ↑ Osro Cobb, Osro Cobb of Arkansas: Memoirs of Historical Significance, Carol Griffee, ed. (Little Rock, Arkansas: Rose Publishing Company, 1989), p. 249
  14. ↑ "Southern Congressmen Present Segregation Manifesto". CQ Almanac. 1956. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
  15. ↑ "HR 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957". GovTrack.us.
  16. ↑ "HR 8601. PASSAGE. -- House Vote #102 -- Mar 24, 1960". GovTrack.us.
  17. ↑ "H.R. 7152. PASSAGE. -- House Vote #128 -- Feb 10, 1964". GovTrack.us.
  18. ↑ "S.J. RES. 29. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO BAN THE USE OF POLL TAX AS A REQUIREMENT FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS". GovTrack.us.
  19. ↑ "TO PASS H.R. 6400, THE 1965 VOTING RIGHTS ACT. -- House Vote #87 -- Jul 9, 1965". GovTrack.us.
  20. ↑ "TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO ESTABLISH PENALTIES FOR … -- House Vote #113 -- Aug 16, 1967". GovTrack.us.
  21. ↑ "TO PASS H. RES. 1100, A RESOLUTION PROVIDING THAT IMMEDIATELY ON THE ADOPTION OF THIS RESOLUTION, THE BILL (H.R. 2516) PRESCRIBING PENALTIES FOR INTERFERING WITH ANY PERSON IN THE PERFORMANCE OF HIS CIVIL RIGHTS, AND MAKING CERTAIN ANTIRIOT LEGISLATION, SHALL, TOGETHER WITH A SENATE AMENDMENT THERETO, PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR DISCRIMINATION IN THE SALE OR RENT OF HOUSING, BE TAKEN FROM THE SPEAKER'S TABLE, TO THE END THAT SAID AMENDMENT IS AGREED TO. -- House Vote #295 -- Apr 10, 1968". GovTrack.us.
  22. ↑ Whitney (2008), Abstract: "Federal expressways and public works of Cramer," p.ii
  23. 1 2 "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 407
  24. ↑ State of Florida, General election returns, November 8, 1966
  25. 1 2 "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 408
  26. 1 2 "Cramer v. Kirk," p. 409
  27. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 409
  28. 1 2 "Cramer v. Kirk," p. 410
  29. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk, p. 414
  30. ↑ The New York Times, April 9, 26, and July 15, 1970
  31. 1 2 "Cramer v. Kirk," p. 411
  32. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 411
  33. ↑ Miami Herald , September 4, 1970; U.S. News & World Report , September 7, 1970, pp. 34-35
  34. ↑ The New York Times, April 21, 23, 29 and September 9, 1970
  35. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk," p. 412
  36. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk," p. 413
  37. ↑ Newsweek , September 21, 1970, p. 39; Time , September 21, 1970, pp. 16-17; Tallahassee Democrat , September 6, 1970
  38. ↑ The New York Times, July 31, 1970, Miami Herald, September 4, 1970; Tallahassee Democrat, September 6, 1970
  39. ↑ Miami Herald, September 5, 1970
  40. ↑ The New York Times, August 31, 1970
  41. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 414; Tallahassee Democrat, September 4, 1970
  42. ↑ State of Florida, Primary election returns, September 8, 1970
  43. ↑ Tallahassee Democrat, September 10, 1970
  44. ↑ Miami Herald, September 6, 1977
  45. ↑ State of Florida, Primary election returns September 8 and 29, 1970
  46. ↑ Tallahassee Democrat, September 12, 14, 1970
  47. ↑ Cramer v. Kirk, pp. 414-415
  48. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk", pp. 415-416
  49. ↑ Miami Herald, October 1, 11, 1970
  50. ↑ Miami Herald and Tallahassee Democrat, October 30, 1970
  51. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 416
  52. ↑ Miami Herald, October 10, 1970; Tallahassee Democrat, October 10, 18, 1970
  53. ↑ "Inflation Calculator | Find US Dollar's Value from 1913-2022". www.usinflationcalculator.com.
  54. ↑ Miami Herald, October 23, 1970; Tallahassee Democrat, November 1, 1970
  55. ↑ Lamis, Two-Party South, p. 185; Miami Herald, September 9, 1970; Tallahassee Democrat, September 6 and November 1, 1970
  56. ↑ Tallahassee Democrat, November 1, 1970
  57. ↑ Tallahassee Democrat, November 1, 1970; Miami Herald, September 4, 1970
  58. ↑ Miami Herald, September 9 and October 29, 1970
  59. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 418
  60. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk" p. 418
  61. ↑ Jack Bass and Walter DeVries, The Transformation of Southern Politics: Social Change and Political Consequence Since 1945 (New York, 1976), p. 116
  62. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 419
  63. ↑ Numan V. Bartley and Hugh D. Graham, Southern Politics and the Second Reconstruction (Baltimore, Maryland, 1975), pp. 146-147; Miami Herald, October 27, 1970
  64. ↑ The New York Times, October 11, 1970
  65. ↑ Cramer v. Kirk, p. 419
  66. ↑ Tallahassee Democrat, September 30, 1970
  67. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk," p. 420
  68. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 420
  69. ↑ Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Richard Nixon (Washington, D.C., 1971), p. 950
  70. ↑ Nixon Papers, pp. 951-956
  71. ↑ Nixon Papers, p. 962; The New York Times, October 30, 1970
  72. ↑ Tallahassee Democrat, October 28, 29, 1970
  73. 1 2 "Cramer v. Kirk," p. 421
  74. ↑ Nick Thimmesch, The Condition of Republicanism (New York, 1968), p. 239
  75. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk," pp., 421-422
  76. 1 2 State of Florida, General election returns, November 3, 1970
  77. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 422
  78. ↑ Tampa Tribune, June 18, 1967
  79. ↑ Tampa Tribune, June 13, 1971; Miami Herald, September 27, 1971
  80. ↑ Lamis, Two-Party South, p. 293; Bass and DeVries, The Transformation of Southern Politics, p. 125
  81. 1 2 "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 424
  82. ↑ "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 425
  83. ↑ "Cramer". Political Graveyard. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
  84. 1 2 "Cramer v. Kirk", p. 426
William C. Cramer
William Cato Cramer.jpg
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Florida
In office
January 3, 1955 –January 3, 1971
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by United States Representative from Florida's 1st congressional district
1955–1963		Succeeded by
Preceded by
New district
 United States Representative from Florida's 12th congressional district
1963–1967		Succeeded by
Preceded by United States Representative from Florida's 8th congressional district
1967–1971		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Florida
1970 		Succeeded by
Dr. John Grady (1976)
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