List of American politicians who switched parties in office

The following American politicians switched parties while they were holding elected office.

Federal

House of Representatives

Name	State	District	Date of party switch	Congress	Old party	New party	Notes	Refs
Rodney Alexander	Louisiana	5th	August 9, 2004	108th	Democratic	Republican		[1]
Justin Amash	Michigan	3rd	July 4, 2019	116th	Republican	Independent		[2]
			May 1, 2020		Independent	Libertarian		[3]
Eugene Atkinson	Pennsylvania	25th	October 14, 1981	97th	Democratic	Republican	Lost re-election in 1982 after being redistricted to the 4th district.	[4]
William Carney	New York	1st	October 7, 1985	99th	Conservative	Republican
Nathan Deal	Georgia	9th	April 11, 1995	104th	Democratic	Republican		[5]
Jo Ann Emerson	Missouri	8th	January 3, 1997	105th	Republican	Independent	Emerson was re-elected to a full term as an independent after running under that designation to comply with Missouri's electoral law.
			January 8, 1997		Independent	Republican
Michael Forbes	New York	1st	July 17, 1999	106th	Republican	Democratic		[6]
Virgil Goode	Virginia	5th	January 24, 2000	106th	Democratic	Independent	Caucused with the Republican Party.	[7] [8]
			August 1, 2002	107th	Independent	Republican		[9]
Phil Gramm	Texas	6th	1983	98th	Democratic	Republican	Gramm resigned his seat as a Democrat on January 5, 1983, and then won a special election as a Republican on February 12, 1983.
James W. Grant	Florida	2nd	February 21, 1989	101st	Democratic	Republican		[10]
Parker Griffith	Alabama	5th	December 22, 2009	111th	Democratic	Republican	Later rejoined the Democratic party.	[11]
Galusha A. Grow	Pennsylvania	14th	1856	34th	Democratic	Republican		[12]
Ralph Hall	Texas	4th	January 2004	108th	Democratic	Republican		[13]
Jimmy Hayes	Louisiana	7th	December 1, 1995	104th	Democratic	Republican
Andy Ireland	Florida	10th	July 5, 1984	98th	Democratic	Republican	Announced the switch on March 17, 1984, but didn't officially make it until July 5 in order to keep his Democratic committee assignments for as long as possible.	[14] [15]
John Jarman	Oklahoma	5th	January 24, 1975	94th	Democratic	Republican		[16]
Greg Laughlin	Texas	14th	June 26, 1995	104th	Democratic	Republican		[17]
Matthew G. Martínez	California	31st	July 27, 2000	106th	Democratic	Republican	Switched parties after losing the Democratic primary for re-election	[18]
Paul Mitchell	Michigan	10th	December 14, 2020	116th	Republican	Independent	Switched parties during the lame duck session, three weeks before his retirement.	[19]
Michael Parker	Mississippi	4th	November 10, 1995	104th	Democratic	Republican
Ogden Reid	New York	26th	March 22, 1972	92nd	Republican	Democratic		[20]
Donald Riegle	Michigan	7th	1973	93rd	Republican	Democratic		[21]
Tommy F. Robinson	Arkansas	2nd	July 28, 1989	101st	Democratic	Republican		[22]
Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.	New York	20th	January 3, 1951	82nd	Liberal	Democratic	Roosevelt was re-elected as a Democrat.
Bob Stump	Arizona	3rd	September 24, 1981	98th	Democratic	Republican	Did not officially change party until the 1982 election for a term beginning January 3, 1983.	[23] [24]
Billy Tauzin	Louisiana	3rd	August 8, 1995	104th	Democratic	Republican		[25]
Jeff Van Drew	New Jersey	2nd	January 7, 2020	116th	Democratic	Republican		[26]
Albert Watson	South Carolina	2nd	1965	90th	Democratic	Republican	Watson resigned his seat as a Democrat on February 1, 1965, and then won a special election as a Republican on June 15, 1965.
Hendrick Bradley Wright	Pennsylvania	12th	1879	46th	Democratic	Greenback

Senate

Name	State	Date of party switch	Congress	Old party	New party	Notes	Refs
James L. Buckley	New York	1976	94th	Conservative	Republican
Ben Nighthorse Campbell	Colorado	March 4, 1995	104th	Democratic	Republican		[27]
Reuben Fenton	New York	1872	42nd	Republican	Liberal Republican	The Liberal Republican Party was new and short-lived. Did not seek re-election in the 1874–75 United States Senate elections.	[28]
		1873	43rd	Liberal Republican	Republican
Jim Jeffords	Vermont	May 24, 2001	107th	Republican	Independent	Caucused with the Democrats after becoming an independent, giving Democrats a majority in the US Senate. His switch became the only time in US history that a party switch resulted in a change of party control of the Senate.	[29] [30]
Robert M. La Follette Jr.	Wisconsin	May 1934	74th	Republican	Wisconsin Progressive	Co-founded the Wisconsin Progressive Party and was re-elected to Senate on that ticket in 1934 and 1940.	[31]
		1946	79th	Wisconsin Progressive	Republican	The Wisconsin Progressive Party was dissolved in 1946. Lost re-election to the Senate when defeated by Joseph McCarthy in the Republican primary later that same year.	[32]
Joe Lieberman	Connecticut	2006/2007 (see note)	110th	Democratic	Independent	Lieberman left the Democratic Party after losing the Democratic primary for re-election. Technically, he ran under the party named Connecticut for Lieberman but he himself never officially joined that party. He called himself an Independent Democrat after winning re-election.	[33] [34]
Joe Manchin	West Virginia	May 31, 2024	118th	Democratic	Independent		[35]
Richard Shelby	Alabama	November 9, 1994	103rd	Democratic	Republican	Switch announced the day after the 1994 United States Senate elections, in which Shelby was not up for reelection, but the Republicans gained the majority in the Senate.	[36]
Kyrsten Sinema	Arizona	December 9, 2022	118th	Democratic	Independent		[37]
Bob Smith	New Hampshire	July 1999	106th	Republican	Independent		[38]
		November 1999		Independent	Republican
Arlen Specter	Pennsylvania	April 28, 2009	111th	Republican	Democratic		[39]
Strom Thurmond	South Carolina	September 16, 1964	88th	Democratic	Republican		[40]
Lyman Trumbull	Illinois	1871	42nd	Republican	Liberal Republican	The Liberal Republican Party was new and short-lived. Lost re-election in the 1872–73 United States Senate elections to the Republican candidate.

Other

Name	Office	Date of party switch	Old party	New party	Notes	Refs

State

Name	Office	Date of party switch	Old party	New party	Notes	Refs
Max Abramson	Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Rockingham-20 district	May 2016	Republican	Libertarian	Left office to run for Governor of New Hampshire in 2016 as a Libertarian. Was re-elected to the New Hampshire House in 2018 as a Republican.	[41]
		June 28, 2019	Republican	Independent	Became an independent as he campaigned to be the nominee for President of the United States in 2020 of the Libertarian Party, the Veterans Party, and the Reform Party. Was elected to a seat in a different district in the New Hampshire House in 2020 as a Republican.	[42]
Roy Daryl Adams	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 62nd district	April 27, 2023	Independent	Democratic		[43]
Dawn Addiego	Member of the New Jersey Senate from the 8th district	January 28, 2019	Republican	Democratic		[44]
Robert Adley	Member of the Louisiana Senate from the 36th district	December 10, 2007	Democratic	Republican	Switched parties after the 2007 Louisiana elections to align with incoming governor Bobby Jindal.	[45] [46]
Marie Alvarado-Gil	Member of the California State Senate from the 4th district	August 8, 2024	Democratic	Republican		[47]
Scott Angelle	Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana	October 26, 2010	Democratic	Republican	Appointed by Republican Bobby Jindal to serve until the conclusion of the 2010 special election to replace Mitch Landrieu, who had been elected Mayor of New Orleans. Previously served as Louisiana Secretary of Natural Resources, appointed by Democrat Kathleen Blanco. Re-appointed by Jindal to that position following the election.	[48]
Aidan Ankarberg	Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Strafford-7 district	November 20, 2024	Republican	Independent		[49]
Bill Archer	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 22nd district, 5th seat	December 7, 1967	Democratic	Republican		[50] [51]
Karen Awana	Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 44th district	December 19, 2007	Republican	Democratic		[52]
Richard Baker	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from East Baton Rouge Parish	May 31, 1985	Democratic	Republican		[53]
Thomas Baker	Member of the Alaska House of Representatives from the 40th district	May 16, 2024	Republican	Independent		[54]
Robert Barham	Louisiana State Senator from the 33rd district	February 9, 2001	Democratic	Republican	Announced after a visit to the White House following an invitation from President George W. Bush.	[55]
Taylor Barras	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Iberia Parish	August 12, 2011	Democratic	Republican		[56]
Eli Bebout	Member of the Wyoming House of Representatives from the 55th district	April 26, 1994	Democratic	Republican		[57]
Walter Boasso	Member of the Louisiana Senate from the 1st district	April 26, 2007	Republican	Democratic
Audie Bock	Member of the California State Assembly from the 16th district	1999	Green	No party preference
Barbara Bollier	Member of the Kansas Senate from the 7th district	December 12, 2018	Republican	Democratic		[58]
Mike Bowers	Attorney General of Georgia	1994	Democratic	Republican
Michael Don Brandenburg	Member of the North Dakota House of Representatives from the 28th district	October 2, 1994	Democratic	Republican		[59]
Nickey Browning	Member of the Mississippi State Senate from the 3rd district	March 27, 2013	Democratic	Republican		[60]
Buddy Caldwell	Attorney General of Louisiana	2011	Democratic	Republican		[61]
Sonny Callahan	Member of the Alabama Senate	January 30, 1984	Democratic	Republican		[62]
Charles T. Canady	Member of the Florida House of Representatives from the 44th district	June 1999	Democratic	Republican
Videt Carmichael	Member of the Mississippi State Senate from the 33rd district	May 2002	Democratic	Republican		[63]
Hillary Cassel	Member of the Florida House of Representatives from the 101st district	December 27, 2024	Democratic	Republican		[64]
Lincoln Chafee	Governor of Rhode Island	May 30, 2013	Independent	Democratic	Previously served in the U.S. Senate (1999–2007) as a Republican before becoming an Independent.	[65]
Stephanie Clayton	Member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the 19th district	December 19, 2018	Republican	Democratic		[66]
Matthew Coker	Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Belknap-2 district	February 8, 2024	Democratic	Republican		[67]
Linda Collins	Member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from the 61st district	August 2011	Democratic	Republican		[68]
Charlie Conrad	Member of the Oregon House of Representatives from the 12th district	June 20, 2024	Republican	Independent Party of Oregon	Switched parties after losing renomination over his vote to protect access to abortion and gender-affirming care.	[69]
Tricia Cotham	Member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from the 112th district	April 5, 2023	Democratic	Republican	Switched parties after receiving backlash for missing a vote on an assault weapons ban.	[70]
Charlie Crist	Governor of Florida	May 13, 2010	Republican	Independent	Later elected to congress as a Democrat.	[71]
William Daniel	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from East Baton Rouge Parish	2005	Democratic	Republican
Hunt Downer	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Terrebonne and Lafourche Parishes	February 9, 2001	Democratic	Republican	Announced after a visit to the White House following an invitation from President George W. Bush.	[72]
Aubrey Dunn Jr.	New Mexico Commissioner of Public Lands	January 2018	Republican	Libertarian		[73]
Noble Ellington	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives	2010	Democratic	Republican		[74]
Kirk England	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 106th district	September 20, 2007	Republican	Democratic		[75]
Bernard Erickson	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 58th district	December 31, 1993	Republican	Democratic		[76]
Ryan Ferns	Member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 3rd district	November 2013	Democratic	Republican
Shaun Filiault	Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Cheshire-7 district	June 7, 2023	Democratic	Independent		[77]
Beth Fukumoto	Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 36th district	2017	Republican	Democratic		[78]
Mike Gabbard	Member of the Hawaii Senate from the 19th district	August 30, 2007	Republican	Democratic		[79]
Avel Gordly	Member of the Oregon Senate from the 23rd district	2006	Democratic	Independent		[80]
Sherry Gould	Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Merrimack-8 district	May 2024	Democratic	Republican		[81]
Mark Grisanti	Member of the New York Senate from the 60th district	2011	Democratic	Republican
Henry Grover	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 23rd district	February 3, 1966	Democratic	Republican		[82]
Elbert Guillory	Member of the Louisiana Senate from the 24th district	May 31, 2013	Democratic	Republican		[83]
Ryan Guillen	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 31st district	November 15, 2021	Democratic	Republican	Was one of the "Killer Ds" during the 2003 Texas redistricting	[84]
Barbara Hafer	Treasurer of Pennsylvania	2003	Republican	Democratic		[85]
Bob Hanner	Member of the Georgia House of Representatives	2010	Democratic	Republican		[86]
Jim Hendren	Member of the Arkansas Senate from the 2nd district	February 18, 2021	Republican	Independent	Left the Republican Party following the January 6, 2021, U.S. Capitol attack.	[87]
Michelle Henry	Attorney General of Pennsylvania	March 2023	Republican	Democratic	Joined the Democratic Party after succeeding Josh Shapiro as Attorney General.	[88]
Joy Hofmeister	Oklahoma Superintendent of Public Instruction	October 7, 2021	Republican	Democratic	Switched after announcing her intention to challenge to Republican Governor Kevin Stitt in the 2022 election.	[89]
Chuck Hopson	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 11th district	November 6, 2009	Democratic	Republican		[90]
Eric Hutchings	Member of the Utah House of Representatives from the 38th district	2001	Democratic	Republican		[91]
Cindy Hyde-Smith	Member of the Mississippi Senate from the 39th district	December 28, 2010	Democratic	Republican	Later appointed and elected to the U.S. Senate as a Republican.	[92]
Dan Hynes	Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Hillsborough-2 district	June 13, 2023	Republican	Independent		[93]
Virginia Isbell	Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 5th district	December 23, 1987	Republican	Democratic		[94]
Mike Jacobs	Member of the Georgia House of Representatives from the 80th district	June 19, 2007	Democratic	Republican
Glenn Jeffries	Member of the West Virginia Senate from the 8th district	December 1, 2022	Democratic	Republican		[95]
Evan Jenkins	Member of the West Virginia Senate from the 5th district	July 2013	Democratic	Republican		[96]
Woody Jenkins	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from East Baton Rouge Parish	1994	Democratic	Republican
Aaron Ling Johanson	Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 31st district	December 29, 2014	Republican	Democratic		[97]
Dean Johnson	Minnesota State Senator	2000	Republican	DFL		[98]
Jim Justice	Governor of West Virginia	2017	Democratic	Republican	Justice had previously been a Republican until switching to the Democratic Party in 2015 to run for Governor of West Virginia. [99]	[100]
John Kennedy	Treasurer of Louisiana	August 27, 2007	Democratic	Republican	Later elected to the U.S. Senate as a Republican.	[101]
Bob Krist	Member of the Nebraska Legislature from the 10th district	February 2018	Republican	Democratic		[102]
Jeremy LaCombe	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 18th district	April 10, 2023	Democratic	Republican		[103]
Steve Lebsock	Member of the Colorado House of Representatives from the 34th district	March 2, 2018	Democratic	Republican	Changed party affiliation prior to expulsion from the Colorado House of Representatives due to allegations of sexual harassment.	[104]
Jan Lee	Member of the Oregon House of Representatives from the 10th district	June 2001	Republican	Independent		[105]
		2001	Independent	Democratic
José Manuel Lozano	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 43rd district	March 8, 2012	Democratic	Republican		[106]
Mesha Mainor	Member of the Georgia House of Representatives from the 56th district	July 11, 2023	Democratic	Republican	Switched parties after receiving backlash for being the only Democrat to vote for a school voucher bill.	[107]
Kevin Mannix	Member of the Oregon House of Representatives from the 32nd district	1997	Democratic	Republican
Chad Mayes	Member of the California State Assembly from the 42nd district	December 6, 2019	Republican	Independent		[108]
Mike McDonnell	Member of the Nebraska Legislature from the 5th district	April 3, 2024	Democratic	Republican	Switched parties after being censured by the Nebraska Democratic Party for voting against abortion rights.	[109]
Andy McKean	Member of the Iowa House of Representatives from the 58th district	April 2019	Republican	Democratic		[110]
Stanford Morse	Member of the Mississippi State Senate from Harrison and Stone Counties	March 27, 1963	Democratic	Republican		[111]
Robert R. Neall	Member of the Maryland State Senate from the 33rd district	November 12, 1999	Republican	Democratic	Later re-joined the Republican Party.
Howard Oda	Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 22nd district	November 7, 1975	Republican	Democratic		[112]
Marshall Parker	Member of the South Carolina Senate from Oconee County	March 9, 1966	Democratic	Republican		[113]
Aaron Peña	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 40th district	December 14, 2010	Democratic	Republican		[114]
Sonny Perdue	Member of the Georgia State Senate from the 18th district	1998	Democratic	Republican	Later elected Governor of Georgia.	[115]
Maria Perez	Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Hillsborough-43 district	October 2, 2023	Democratic	Independent		[116]
Rick Perry	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 64th district	September 29, 1989	Democratic	Republican	Later elected Governor of Texas.	[117]
Rupie Phillips	Member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 24th district	January 26, 2017	Democratic	Republican
Jason Pizzo	Member of the Florida Senate from the 37th district	April 24, 2025	Democratic	Independent	Switched to independent, which in turn forfeited his position as Minority Leader for the Florida Democratic Party	[118]
Kevin Priola	Member of the Colorado Senate from the 25th district	August 22, 2022	Republican	Democratic	Switched parties after expressing concern about the Republican embrace of 2020 election conspiracies.	[119]
Elliott Pritt	Member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 50th district	April 17, 2023	Democratic	Republican		[120]
Allan Ritter	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 21st district	December 14, 2010	Democratic	Republican		[121]
Joel Robideaux	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Lafayette Parish	2011	Independent	Republican
Shane Robinson	Member of the Maryland House of Delegates from the 39th district	November 21, 2018	Democratic	Green
Buddy Roemer	Governor of Louisiana	March 1991	Democratic	Republican
Thomas M. Salmon	Vermont Auditor of Accounts	2009	Democratic	Republican		[122]
Jarrod Sammis	Member of the Vermont House of Representatives from the Rutland-3 district	May 3, 2023	Republican	Libertarian		[123]
Meagan C. Simonaire	Member of the Maryland House of Delegates from District 31B	October 15, 2018	Republican	Democratic
J. Roland Smith	Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 84th district	August 18, 1993	Democratic	Republican		[124] [125]
Mike Spano	Member of the New York State Assembly	2007	Republican	Democratic
Floyd Spence	Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Lexington County	April 14, 1962	Democratic	Republican		[126]
Chris Steineger	Member of the Kansas Senate from the 6th district	2010	Democratic	Republican
Dale Swenson	Member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the 97th district	2008	Republican	Democratic
Dinah Sykes	Member of the Kansas Senate from the 21st district	December 2018	Republican	Democratic		[127]
Johnny Tadlock	Member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 1st district	2018	Democratic	Republican		[128]
Shawn Thierry	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 146th district	August 30, 2024	Democratic	Republican		[129]
Francis C. Thompson	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 19th district	March 17, 2023	Democratic	Republican		[130]
Samuel D. Thompson	Member of the New Jersey Senate from the 12th district	February 13, 2023	Republican	Democratic	Switched parties after Republicans supported his primary challenger.	[131]
Gray Tollison	Member of the Mississippi Senate from the 9th district	November 11, 2011	Democratic	Republican
Amy Tuck	Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi	2002	Democratic	Republican		[132]
Susan Valdes	Member of the Florida House of Representatives from the 64th district	December 10, 2024	Democratic	Republican		[133]
Wanda Vázquez Garced	Governor of Puerto Rico	2019	Democratic	Republican		[134] [135] [136]
Jesse Ventura	Governor of Minnesota	2000	Reform	Independence
Christine Watkins	Member of the Utah House of Representatives from the 69th district	December 2012	Democratic	Republican		[137]
Robin L. Webb	Member of the Kentucky Senate from the 18th district	May 30, 2025	Democratic	Republican		[138]
Kent Williams	Member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from the 4th district	February 9, 2009	Republican	Independent	Expelled by Tennessee Republican Party.
Kate Witek	Nebraska Auditor of Public Accounts	August 2006	Republican	Democratic
Ernest Wooton	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Jefferson, Plaquemines, St. Charles Parishes	2005	Democratic	Republican

Local

Name	Office	Date of party switch	Old party	New party	Notes	Refs
Michael Bloomberg	Mayor of New York City	2007	Republican	Independent	Later ran for president in the 2020 presidential election as a Democrat.
Norm Coleman	Mayor of St. Paul	1996	DFL	Republican		[139]
Kim Davis	Clerk of Rowan County, Kentucky	2015	Democratic	Republican		[140]
Matt Gonzalez	Member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors from District 5	November 2000	Democratic	Green		[141]
Eric Johnson	Mayor of Dallas	September 22, 2023	Democratic	Republican		[142]
Ari Kagan	Member of the New York City Council from the 47th district	November 2022	Democratic	Republican	Cited the city's criminal reforms and rising crime as the main reasons he was switching parties.	[143]
John Lindsay	Mayor of New York City	1971	Republican	Democratic		[144]
Bob Martinez	Mayor of Tampa	1983	Democratic	Republican		[145]
Kymberly Pine	Member of the Honolulu City Council from the 1st district	November 9, 2016	Republican	Democratic		[146]
Rick Sheehy	Mayor of Hastings, Nebraska	2003	Democratic	Republican
David Tubiolo	Member of the Westchester County Board of Legislators from the 14th district	February 7, 2020	Republican	Democratic		[147]

See also

• List of Canadian politicians who have crossed the floor
• List of elected British politicians who have changed party affiliation
• List of party switchers in the United States
• List of United States representatives who switched parties
• List of United States senators who switched parties
• Party switching in the United States
• Waka-jumping

References

1. "Democrats Bitter Over 'Cowardly' Alexander's Party Switch". The Economist. August 12, 2004. ISSN   0013-0613. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
2. Conradis, Brandon (July 4, 2019). "Rep. Amash, lone GOP critic of Trump, leaves Republican Party". The Hill . Retrieved July 4, 2019.
3. Schultz, Marisa (May 2, 2020). "Amash, taking historic step to White House bid, becomes first Libertarian in Congress: 'I'm in the race to win it'". Fox News . Retrieved May 3, 2020.
4. "Maverick Democratic Rep. Eugene Atkinson of Pennsylvania – who..." UPI. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
5. Sun, Baltimore (April 11, 1995). "Georgia Congressman Deserts Demos / Nathan Deal is third to switch to GOP since Nov. 8". SFGate. Archived from the original on April 21, 2019. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
6. "Party Switcher Loses House Seat". CBS News. September 19, 2000. Archived from the original on February 15, 2019. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
7. Josh Barney (January 25, 2000). "Goode says he's leaving the Democrats". The Daily Progress . Charlottesville, Virginia. p. A1 – via Newspapers.com.
8. Written at Washington, D.C.. "Goode moves closer to Republicans". The Daily News Leader . Staunton, Virginia. Associated Press. January 28, 2000. p. A3 – via Newspapers.com.
9. David Lerman (August 4, 2002). "Goode shifts parties, finally joins GOP". Daily Press (Virginia) . Newport News, Virginia. p. B3 – via Newspapers.com.
10. "Congressman's Flip Gives GOP Advantage in Florida With AM-Bush Rdp". AP NEWS. February 21, 1989. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
11. "Democrat in House switches to GOP". Boston.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
12. Galusha A. Grow: Father of the Homestead Law from Google Books
13. "Texas Rep. Hall switches to GOP". CNN. January 3, 2004. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
14. Written at Winter Haven, Florida. "U.S. Rep. Andy Ireland switches his allegiance to Republican Party". St. Petersburg Times . St. Petersburg, Florida. Associated Press. March 18, 1984. p. 17A – via Newspapers.com.
15. Written at Winter Haven, Florida. "Congressnman Ireland switches to the GOP". The Miami Herald . Palm Beach, Florida. From Herald Wire Services. July 6, 1984. p. 16A – via Newspapers.com.
16. "Lodi News-Sentinel – Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Archived from the original on March 24, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
17. Maria Recio (June 26, 1995). "U.S. Rep. Laughlin switches to Republican Party". Fort Worth Star-Telegram . Arlington, Texas. p. A14 – via Newspapers.com.
18. "Martinez Switches to GOP in His Final Term". Los Angeles Times. July 27, 2000. ISSN   0458-3035 . Retrieved June 14, 2019.
19. Tapper, Jake (December 14, 2020). "Congressman cites Trump's efforts to overturn election in announcing decision to quit GOP". CNN . Retrieved December 14, 2020.
20. Truscott, Alan (April 24, 1974). "Bridge: Politics Makes Strange ...., But What About Tablemates?". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved March 21, 2021.
21. "Donald W. Riegle, Jr". University of Michigan-Flint. Archived from the original on January 2, 2019. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
22. "Robinson, Tommy Franklin – Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
23. Barabak, Mark (September 24, 1981). "Rep. Bob Stump, a conservative Democrat and administration supporter,..." UPI. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
24. Silverman, Amy (October 13, 1993). "The Stealth Congressman". Phoenix New Times. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018.
25. Mccaughan, Michael (March 22, 2010). "Health Care Reform A Done Deal: Pharma Bets On The Right Horse". The IN VIVO Blog. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
26. "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress – Retro Member details". bioguideretro.congress.gov. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
27. Seelye, Katharine Q. (March 4, 1995). "Democrats Lose Senate Seat With Switch by Coloradan". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 20, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
28. "Reuben Eaton Fenton Papers: Manuscripts and Special Collections". New York State Library. Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
29. Kane, Paul (August 18, 2014). "How Jim Jeffords single-handedly bent the arc of politics". Washington Post. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
30. Graff, Christopher (May 24, 2001). "Jeffords Leaves Republican Party". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 30, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
31. Written at Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. "La Follettes Leave Republican Party To Form A New One of Their Own". The Monitor . McAllen, Texas (published May 20, 1934). Associated Press. May 19, 1934. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
32. Superior Telegram (March 25, 1946). "La Follette Returns". The Rhinelander Daily News . Rhinelander, Wisconsin. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
33. "Joe Lieberman's Congressional biography".
34. Lesniewski, Niels (May 5, 2023). "Lieberman: No Labels trying to 'make sure' Trump not reelected". Roll Call.
35. "Longtime Democrat Joe Manchin changes party affiliation to independent". newsandsentinel.com/. Retrieved June 4, 2024.
36. Thornton, William (March 3, 2019). "Richard Shelby now Alabama's longest serving senator". al.com. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
37. Sinema, Kyrsten. "Sen. Kyrsten Sinema: Why I'm registering as an independent". azcentral.com. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
38. Hulse, Carl (September 12, 2002). "Campaign Season; G.O.P. Is Relieved At Republican's Loss". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
39. Infield, Tom (October 14, 2012). "Sen. Specter dies; his fighting spirit praised". inquirer.com. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
40. "Thurmond Break Is Made Official – He Will Work as Republican for Goldwater Election". The New York Times. September 17, 1964. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 27, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
41. "New Hampshire Legislator Changes Registration from 'Republican' to 'Libertarian". Ballot Access News. July 27, 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
42. Winger, Richard (June 29, 2019). "New Hampshire Legislator Changes Registration from Republican to Libertarian". Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
43. Heckt, Shannon (April 27, 2023). "Louisiana state representative changes political parties". BRProud. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
44. "Addiego No Longer Threatens Kim Re-election". New Jersey Globe. January 28, 2019.
45. "Bossier Lawmaker Robert Adley Switches To Republican Party". KTBS . December 10, 2007. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
46. "Republican Delegation Welcomes State Senator Robert Adley to the Republican Party" (PDF) (Press release). Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana Republican Legislative Delegation. December 10, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 27, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
47. Zavala, Ashley (August 8, 2024). "Democratic California State Sen. Marie Alvarado-Gil is switching parties to become a Republican". KCRA-TV . Retrieved August 10, 2024.
48. Anderson, Ed (October 27, 2010). "Lt. Gov. Scott Angelle switches political parties". The Times-Picayune . Baton Rouge, Louisiana. nola.com. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
49. NH House Clerk [@nhhouseclerk] (November 20, 2024). "The NH House has had a membership update, Rep. Aidan Ankarberg has changed party affiliation. This will also update the 2025–2026 session makeup of 221-178-1" (Tweet). Retrieved December 12, 2024– via Twitter.
50. "State Rep. Archer to Switch Parties". Houston Post . December 6, 1967.
51. "W.R. 'Bill' Archer". Texas Legislators: Past & Present. Legislative Reference Library of Texas. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
52. Reyes, B.J. (December 20, 2007). "Awana switches to Democrats". Honolulu Star-Bulletin . Retrieved December 2, 2013.
53. "Rep. Baker of B.R. goes over to GOP". The Times-Picayune . Baton Rouge, Louisiana. June 1, 1985.
54. Ruskin, Liz (August 5, 2024). "How to run in a House district the size of Germany? Pickled whale might help". Alaska Public Media . Retrieved August 10, 2024. Baker was a Republican when Gov. Mike Dunleavy appointed him to the vacant seat in November. Now he's running as an independent.
55. "Barham swaps party". The West Carroll Gazette. Oak Grove, Louisiana. February 14, 2001. p. 1.
56. "Rep. Barras joins GOP". Baton Rouge Morning Advocate . Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
57. Jackson, Hugh (April 27, 1994). "Bebout switches parties, joins GOP; Says no statewide ambitions this year". Casper Star-Tribune . p. A1.
58. Jonathan Shorman (December 19, 2018). "More Kansas lawmakers switch parties: Sykes, Clayton leave GOP, become Democrats". Kansas City Star . Retrieved August 26, 2020.
59. Pierce, Greg (October 7, 1997). "A Nation Inside Politics: 15 More Switch". The Washington Times – via NewsBank.
60. Pender, Geoff (March 26, 2013). "Sen. Browning switches to Republican". Clarion-Ledger. Archived from the original on April 10, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
61. "Attorney General Buddy Caldwell switches to Republican". nola.com. February 3, 2011. Retrieved June 14, 2019.^{[ dead link ]}
62. Written at Mobile, Alabama. "H.L. Callahan switches parties". The Anniston Star . Anniston, Alabama. Associated Press. January 31, 1984. p. 3A – via Newspapers.com.
63. "Carmichael switches to Republican Party – Franklin County Times". Franklin County Times. May 7, 2002. Archived from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
64. Soule, Douglas (December 27, 2024). "Another Democratic defection: Hillary Cassel becomes 2nd Florida lawmaker to flip parties". Tallahassee Democrat . Retrieved December 28, 2024.
65. "Gov. Chafee Officially Joins Democratic Party | Campaign 2014 | WPRI.com". June 9, 2013. Archived from the original on June 9, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
66. Jonathan Shorman (December 19, 2018)"More Kansas lawmakers switch parties: Sykes, Clayton leave GOP, become Democrats". Kansas City Star . Retrieved August 26, 2020.
67. Sylvia, Andrew (February 8, 2024). "Meredith state representative changes parties". Manchester Ink Link . Retrieved February 11, 2024.
68. "Arkansas Rep. Linda Collins-Smith switches to GOP". DeseretNews.com. August 10, 2011. Archived from the original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
69. Shumway, Julia (June 20, 2024). "Only Oregon Republican lawmaker who supports abortion rights is now an Independent". Oregon Public Broadcasting . Retrieved August 10, 2024.
70. Kliegman, Aaron (April 5, 2023). "North Carolina lawmaker officially leaves Dems for GOP, says turning point was American flag criticism". Fox News. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2023.
71. "Charlie Crist, Former Florida Governor, Joins Democratic Party". The New York Times. Associated Press. December 8, 2012. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 22, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
72. Turner, Dan (February 9, 2001). "Two legislators to jump to GOP". The Times . Shreveport, Louisiana. p. 17.
73. Oxford, Andrew (January 27, 2018). "Dunn switches to Libertarian Party". Santa Fe New Mexican. Archived from the original on November 5, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
74. Barrow, Bill (December 18, 2010). "Louisiana Republicans take first House majority since Reconstruction with latest party switch". nola.com. Retrieved June 14, 2019.^{[ dead link ]}
75. "Kirk England". Legislative Reference Library of Texas. Texas State Preservation Board. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
76. "Bernard Erickson". Legislative Reference Library of Texas. Texas State Preservation Board. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
77. Cartwright, Chris (June 8, 2023). "Rep. Shaun Filiault quits Democratic Party; sees passage of bill to bar 'gay-panic defense'". The Keene Sentinel . Retrieved July 11, 2023.
78. "Hawaii lawmaker switches to Democrat after criticizing Trump – ABC News". ABC News. June 22, 2017. Archived from the original on June 22, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
79. "Sen. Gabbard bolts GOP for Democratic Party | The Honolulu Advertiser | Hawaii's Newspaper". the.honoluluadvertiser.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
80. "Senator Avel Gordly renounces party politics". BlueOregon. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
81. New Hampshire Federation of Republican Women [@NHFRW] (June 1, 2024). "NHFRW welcomed Rep. Sherry Gould as she recently changed her affiliation and joined the Republican Party!" (Tweet). Retrieved August 10, 2024– via Twitter.
82. "Henry Grover". Legislative Reference Library of Texas. Texas State Preservation Board. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
83. Mcgaughy, Lauren (June 1, 2013). "State Sen. Elbert Guillory, now a Republican, says Democratic Party chair remarks helped spur his switch". nola.com. Retrieved June 14, 2019.^{[ dead link ]}
84. Schnell, Michael (November 15, 2021). "Texas state lawmaker leaves Democratic Party for GOP". The Hill . Retrieved November 15, 2021.
85. "Barbara Hafer makes it official: She's a Democrat again". old.post-gazette.com. Archived from the original on September 25, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
86. "The Voter's Self Defense System". Vote Smart. Archived from the original on May 15, 2019. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
87. "Sen. Hendren leaves GOP for Independent status; forms new 'Common Ground' effort". Talk Business & Politics. February 18, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
88. "Pennsylvania Attorney General Michelle Henry brings local roots to her new job". CBS News. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
89. "Joy Hofmeister to flip parties, challenge Kevin Stitt for governor in 2022". Tulsa World . October 6, 2021. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
90. "Chuck Hopson". Legislative Reference Library of Texas. Texas State Preservation Board. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
91. "After losing Utah election, Watkins breaks with Democratic Party". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
92. "Sen. Hyde-Smith joins Republicans – Daily Leader". Daily Leader. December 28, 2010. Archived from the original on April 10, 2019. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
93. Graham, Michael (June 14, 2023). "Rep. Hynes Leaves GOP, Says Kids Have 'Constitutional Right' to Privacy From Parents". NH Journal. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
94. Kresnak, William (December 24, 1987). "Isbell jumps to Dems; Kamaliʻi leaves GOP". The Honolulu Advertiser . Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 1.
95. Hannahs, Alyssa (December 1, 2022). "West Virginia Sen. Glenn Jeffries switches policital parties". WSAZ-TV . Retrieved February 11, 2024.
96. Livingston, Abby (July 31, 2013). "Democrat Switches Parties to Challenge Rahall (Updated) #WV03". Roll Call. Archived from the original on October 30, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
97. "Hawaii State Rep. Johanson Leaves Republican Party, Joins Democrats". Honolulu Civil Beat. December 29, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
98. "Johnson, Dean Elton – Legislator Record – Minnesota Legislators Past & Present". Minnesota Legislature. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
99. Maher, Kris (May 12, 2015). "Jim Justice, West Virginia Billionaire, Launches Campaign for Governor". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved June 30, 2015.
100. Kabler, Phil (August 3, 2017). "WV Gov. Justice switching political parties, returning to GOP". Charleston Gazette-Mail. Archived from the original on October 19, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
101. Scott, Robert Travis. "Treasurer bolts to GOP". NOLA.com. Archived from the original on April 27, 2014. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
102. Walton, Don (February 12, 2018). "Krist drops independent bid, will challenge Ricketts as a Democrat". JournalStar.com. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
103. Karlin, Sam (April 10, 2023). "Another Louisiana House Democrat has switched parties to Republican". The Advocate.
104. "Expelled Rep. Lebsock changed party prior to vote, giving State House seat to GOP". FOX31 Denver. March 3, 2018. Archived from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
105. Lednicer, Lisa Grace (June 6, 2001). "Blaming "strong partisanship," Rep. Jan Lee of Clackamas says she'll become an independent". The Oregonian . Retrieved January 9, 2017.
106. "J. M. Lozano". Legislative Reference Library of Texas. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
107. Amy, Jeff (July 11, 2023). "Georgia Democrat Mesha Mainor, at odds with her party, switches to Republicans". Associated Press . Retrieved July 11, 2023.
108. Jeff Horseman (December 6, 2019). "Inland Assemblyman Chad Mayes leaves GOP, will seek re-election as independent". pe.com.
109. Dvorak, Gina (April 3, 2024). "Nebraska State Sen. Mike McDonnell changes party affiliation". WOWT . Retrieved August 10, 2024.
110. Daugherty, Owen (April 23, 2019). "Iowa state lawmaker leaves GOP, citing Trump's 'poor example' to the nation". TheHill. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
111. Tom Cook (March 27, 1963). "Morse Is Candidate For State GOP Post". The Daily Herald (Biloxi and Gulfport) . Biloxi and Gulfport, Mississippi. pp. 1, 2 – via Newspapers.com.
112. Burris, Jerry (November 8, 1975). "Oda second to quit GOP in 1½ years". The Honolulu Advertiser . Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 1.
113. Al Lanier (March 10, 1966). Written at Columbia, South Carolina. "Seeks Senate Seat: Republicans Capture Plum In Parker". The Sumter Daily Item . Sumter, South Carolina. Associated Press. pp. 1, 2 – via Newspapers.com.
114. "Aaron Peña". Legislative Reference Library of Texas. Texas State Preservation Board. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
115. Salzer, James. "Sonny Perdue From Democrat to Georgia GOP leader". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
116. Kisluk, Jessica (October 2, 2023). "New Hampshire state Rep. Maria Perez leaves Democratic Party, will serve remainder of term as 'undeclared'". WMUR-TV . Retrieved February 11, 2024.
117. "50 things you need to know about Rick Perry | News for Dallas, Texas | Dallas Morning News | Texas Politics | The Dallas Morning News". February 23, 2010. Archived from the original on February 23, 2010. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
118. "Florida Senate Democratic leader drops party, switches to no-party affiliation". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved April 27, 2025.
119. Paul, Jesse (January 22, 2022). "State Sen. Kevin Priola switches his party registration to Democrat from Republican". The Colorado Sun . Retrieved July 11, 2023.
120. Patterson, Jessica (April 17, 2023). "West Virginia Delegate Pritt changes political parties". WOWK 13 News.
121. "Allan Ritter". Legislative Reference Library of Texas. Texas State Preservation Board. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
122. "Vermont auditor Tom Salmon switches parties, joins GOP: Times Argus Online". September 14, 2009. Archived from the original on September 14, 2009. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
123. Dritschilo, Gordon (May 3, 2023). "Sammis makes party switch official". Rutland Herald . Retrieved May 11, 2023.
124. "Rep. Smith switches to GOP". The Index-Journal . Greenwood, South Carolina. August 19, 1993. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.
125. McCord, Susan (May 29, 2019). "Anderson first to announce run for SC House seat". The Augusta Chronicle. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
126. Shenon, Philip (August 17, 2001). "Floyd Spence, South Carolina Congressman, Dies at 73". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
127. Shorman, Jonathan (December 19, 2018). "More Kansas lawmakers switch parties: Sykes, Clayton leave GOP, become Democrats". The Wichita Eagle . Topeka, KS. Archived from the original on October 29, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
128. "As Democratic rural losses increase, state Rep. Tadlock says he is changing Parties, not changing sides | The City Sentinel". December 10, 2018. Archived from the original on April 5, 2019. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
129. Scherer, Jason (August 30, 2024). "State Rep. Shawn Thierry switches to GOP, says Democratic Party has 'lost its way"'". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved October 12, 2024.
130. "Lifelong Democrat, Rep. Francis Thompson switches to the Republican Party". Louisiana Radio Network . March 17, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2023.
131. "New Jersey state senator says he's leaving GOP to join Democrats". NBC News . February 13, 2023. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
132. "Lt. Governor Amy Tuck Switches to GOP". Archived from the original on July 11, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
133. Turner, Jim (December 10, 2024). "Tampa's Susan Valdes jumps to GOP, adding to Florida House supermajority". WUSF (FM) . Retrieved December 12, 2024.
134. "Likely successor of Puerto Rico's disgraced governor in crosshairs of wary protesters". Radio.com. July 25, 2019. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
135. "Puerto Rico Gov. Vázquez Outlines Plans for Island After Political Turmoil". NBC Miami . August 20, 2019. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
136. "Wanda Vázquez fue parte de la Asociación de Secretarios de Justicia de los demócratas". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). August 21, 2019. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
137. "After losing Utah election, Watkins breaks with Democratic Party". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on November 27, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
138. "Last rural Democrat in Kentucky senate leaves party, growing GOP supermajority". Louisville Courier Journal. Retrieved May 30, 2025.
139. "Norm Coleman – Minnesota Senator". October 11, 2007. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
140. "Kentucky clerk opposed to gay marriage to run for 2018 re-election". NBC News. November 9, 2017. Archived from the original on May 9, 2019. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
141. "SFBG News | November 15, 2000 | opinion | Why I turned Green". March 5, 2005. Archived from the original on March 5, 2005. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
142. Fetcher, Joshua (September 22, 2023). "Dallas Mayor Eric Johnson switches to Republican Party". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved September 22, 2023.
143. Stark-Miller, Ethan (December 5, 2022). "Brooklyn Council Member Ari Kagan switching to GOP, challenging Justin Brannan in 2023 general election". amNY. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
144. "1971 Year in Review". Upi.com. December 28, 1971. Archived from the original on May 3, 2009. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
145. "Ocala Star-Banner – Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
146. "Pine blames Trump for her departure from GOP". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
147. Lungariello, Mark. "David Tubiolo's party switch welcomed by Democrats, slammed by Republican boss". The Journal News. Retrieved March 22, 2021.