Leung Kwok-hung,also known by his nickname "Long Hair" (長毛),is a Hong Kong politician and social activist. He was a member of the Legislative Council,representing the New Territories East. A Trotskyist in his youth,he was a founding member of the Revolutionary Marxist League. He became a political icon with his long hair and Che Guevara T-shirt in the protests before he was elected to the Legislative Council in 2004. In 2006,he co-founded a social democratic party,the League of Social Democrats (LSD) of which he was the chairman from 2012 to 2016.
Raymond Wong Yuk-man is a Hong Kong author,current affairs commentator and radio host. He is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo),representing the geographical constituency of Kowloon West. He worked in Commercial Radio Hong Kong and hosted many popular phone-in programmes. Also,He is a founder and chairman of Mad Dog Daily from 1996 until its closure in 2022.
The League of Social Democrats (LSD) is a social democratic party in Hong Kong. Chaired by Chan Po-ying,wife of Leung Kwok-hung,it positions itself as the radical wing of the pro-democracy camp and stresses on "street actions" and "parliamentary struggles". It currently holds two seats in the District Councils.
Hong Kong independence is a political movement that advocates the establishment of Hong Kong as an independent sovereign state. Hong Kong is one of two Special administrative regions of China (SAR) which enjoys a high degree of autonomy as a part of the People's Republic of China,which is guaranteed under Article 2 of Hong Kong Basic Law as ratified under the Sino-British Joint Declaration. Since the transfer of the sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the PRC in 1997,a growing number of Hongkongers have become concerned about what they see as Beijing's encroachment on the territory's freedoms and the failure of the Hong Kong government to deliver "genuine democracy".
Hong Kong Autonomy Movement,sometimes Hong Kong City State Autonomous Movement,is a movement formed in Hong Kong amidst the raising awareness about Hong Kong's constitutional rights of high autonomy,free from interference of PRC government,as stipulated in Hong Kong Basic Law Article 2 and Article 22.
Civic Passion was a radical,populist,localist,and nativist political party in Hong Kong. Founded by Wong Yeung-tat as an activist group in 2012,it held strong localist views and opposed the involvement of the Chinese government in the governance of Hong Kong. In the 2016 Legislative Council election,the Civic Passion formed an electoral alliance with Wong Yuk-man's Proletariat Political Institute and Chin Wan's Hong Kong Resurgence Order. Cheng Chung-tai became the only candidate of the alliance elected to the legislature and subsequently took over as the leader of the Civic Passion. After the election,Cheng reorganised the group into a political party and pulled out from the social activism. From December 2020 to August 2021,it was the only opposition party in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.
The 2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 4 September 2016 for the 6th Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo). A total of 70 members,35 from geographical constituencies (GCs) and 35 from functional constituencies (FCs),were returned. The election came after the rejection of the 2016/2017 constitutional reform proposals which suggested the electoral method for the 2016 Legislative Council remains unchanged.
Wong Yeung-tat is a Hong Kong social activist and the founder and former leader of radical populist group Civic Passion.
The 2016 New Territories East by-election was held on 28 February 2016 after the incumbent Legislative Councillor Ronny Tong Ka-wah of New Territories East quit the Civic Party and resigned from the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo),effective on 1 October 2015.
Edward Leung Tin-kei is a Hong Kong politician and activist. He is the former spokesperson of Hong Kong Indigenous,a localist group. He advocates Hong Kong independence,and coined the slogan "Liberate Hong Kong,revolution of our times" during the 2016 by-election,which was later widely used in 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests.
Liberalism has a long tradition as an economic philosophy since the founding of Hong Kong as an entrepôt which cherishes private property,the free market,and free trade. In recent decades,Hong Kong has earned its international reputation as one of the "freest economies in the world". As a political trend,liberalism has become the driving force of the democratic movement since the 1980s which is mainly represented by the pro-democracy camp which strives for the universal suffrage,human rights and rule of law in Hong Kong.
Ray Wong Toi-yeung is a Hong Kong activist. He founded the localist camp Hong Kong Indigenous with other activists who were dissatisfied with the efficacy of Hong Kong's mainstream democratic movement during the 2014 Hong Kong protests. He took an active part in the Mong Kok civil unrest on Lunar New Year's Day 2016 and was arrested later that month.
In Hong Kong,localism is a political movement centered on the preservation of the city's autonomy and local culture. The Hong Kong localist movement encompasses a variety of groups with different goals,but all of them oppose the perceived growing encroachment of the Chinese central government on the city's management of its own political,economic,and social affairs. Issues of concern to localist camp include land use and development,cultural and heritage conservation on the left,parallel trading and the increasing number of mainland immigrants and tourists on the right. On the autonomy of Hong Kong,many of them advocate the Hong Kong people's right to self-determination,while milder elements advocate for greater autonomy while remaining part of China,and the most radical call for return to British rule or full independence as a sovereign state. Certain right-wing localist camp also advocate for a more aggressive and militant approach in defending popular interests.
Localist camp,or localist and self-determination groups,are the various groups with localist ideologies in Hong Kong. It emerged from post-80s social movements in the late 2000s which centred on the preservation of the city's autonomy and local lifestyles and opposed the perceived growing encroachment of the Beijing government on the city's management of its own political,economic,and social affairs.
The People Power–League of Social Democrats,are two radical democratic parties that set up an electoral alliance for the 2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council election under the name "progressive democrats". It fielded a total of nine candidates to contest Legislative Council seats in the five geographical constituencies,in which two of the three incumbents were returned.
Proletariat Political Institute is a political organisation and school headed by Wong Yuk-man,former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It was first established by Wong in 2010 as a political educational institute within the League of Social Democrats (LSD),a pro-democratic social democratic party where Wong was the then chairman. It quit the LSD under Wong's leadership and became one of the coalition members of the radical democratic party People Power in 2011. It left the People Power in 2013 and became one of the leading organisations for the localist cause in Hong Kong.
Hong Kong Resurgence Order is a localist political organisation in Hong Kong. It was founded by Chin Wan,the "mentor" of localism in Hong Kong and the founder of the city-state theory,in 2014 with a manifesto aiming to "restore the ancient Chinese civilisation".
A localist political alliance was formed by 3 Hong Kong organisations –Civic Passion,Proletariat Political Institute and Hong Kong Resurgence Order –to field candidates to contest the 2016 legislative election. Without an official name,the alliance is informally called Yit Po Shing in Chinese,taking one word from each of the member organisation's name or ideology. The alliance's common platform is "Creating a de facto referendum in five constituencies;allow all citizens to participate in the creation of constitution".
A controversy arose during the 2016 Legislative Council election in Hong Kong as the Electoral Affairs Commission (EAC) banned six potential localist candidates from running for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo). The EAC carried out a new election measure to require all candidates to sign an additional "confirmation form" in the nomination to declare their understanding of Hong Kong being an inalienable part of China as stipulated in Article 1,Article 12 and Article 159(4) of the Basic Law of Hong Kong.
The Hong Kong Legislative Council members' oath-taking controversy was a series of events surrounding the oaths of office of a dozen pro-democracy and localist camp members-elect of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) on 12 October 2016 which have resulted in the disqualification of six members,Sixtus "Baggio" Leung and Yau Wai-ching of Youngspiration,who were unseated by the court on 15 November 2016,and Leung Kwok-hung,Nathan Law,Yiu Chung-yim and Lau Siu-lai on 14 July 2017.
