The pro-democracy camp,also known as the pan-democracy camp,is a political alignment in Hong Kong that supports increased democracy,namely the universal suffrage of the Chief Executive and the Legislative Council as given by the Basic Law under the "One Country,Two Systems" framework.
The Civic Party (CP) was a pro-democracy liberal political party in Hong Kong.
The League of Social Democrats (LSD) is a social democratic party in Hong Kong. Chaired by Chan Po-ying,wife of Leung Kwok-hung,it positions itself as the radical wing of the pro-democracy camp and stresses on "street actions" and "parliamentary struggles".
The 2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 4 September 2016 for the 6th Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo). A total of 70 members,35 from geographical constituencies (GCs) and 35 from functional constituencies (FCs),were returned. The election came after the rejection of the 2016/2017 constitutional reform proposals which suggested the electoral method for the 2016 Legislative Council remains unchanged.
Wong Yeung-tat is a Hong Kong social activist and the founder and former leader of radical populist group Civic Passion.
The 2015 Hong Kong District Council elections were held on 22 November 2015. Elections were held to all 18 District Councils with returning 431 members from directly elected constituencies after all appointed seats had been abolished.
The 2016 New Territories East by-election was held on 28 February 2016 after the incumbent Legislative Councillor Ronny Tong Ka-wah of New Territories East quit the Civic Party and resigned from the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo),effective on 1 October 2015.
Liberalism in Hong Kong has become the driving force of the democratic movement since the 1980s which is mainly represented by the pro-democracy camp which strives for the universal suffrage,human rights and rule of law in Hong Kong. It is one of two major political ideologies of the Hong Kong,with the other being conservatism. The emergence of the contemporary liberalism took root in the rapid democratisation in the final years of the colonial years in the 1980s and 1990s,which the pro-democracy camp was united under the banner of an autonomous Hong Kong under Chinese sovereignty. The liberals consolidated their popular support from the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre and received landslide victories in the first direct elections in 1991 and 1995 in the final colonial years. The liberals took the defensive role against the Beijing's authoritarian regime going into the early SAR period which led to the massive demonstration against the Basic Law Article 23 in 2003.
In Hong Kong,localism is a political movement centred on the preservation of the city's autonomy and local culture. The Hong Kong localist movement encompasses a variety of groups with different goals,but all of them oppose the perceived growing encroachment of the Chinese central government on the city's management of its own political,economic,and social affairs. While the movement's milder elements advocate for greater autonomy while remaining as part of China,the more radical elements call for a return to British rule or full independence as a sovereign state. Some also advocate for a more aggressive and militant stance against the mainland government in defending local interests. For that reason,they are labelled as "radicals" and "separatists" by the Chinese government. Issues of concern to the localist camp include land use and development,cultural and heritage conservation,parallel trading,and the increasing number of mainland immigrants and mainland tourists. Although grouped together with liberals,they have a distinct view as they advocate for Hongkongers' right to self-determination. In the aftermath of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests,localists were largely absorbed into the pro-democracy camp.
Localist camp or localist and self-determination groups refers to the various groups with localist ideologies in Hong Kong. It emerged from post-80s social movements in the late 2000s which centred on the preservation of the city's autonomy and local lifestyles and opposed the perceived growing encroachment of the Chinese government on the city's management of its own political,economic,and social affairs.
The People Power–League of Social Democrats,are two radical democratic parties that set up an electoral alliance for the 2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council election under the name "progressive democrats". It fielded a total of nine candidates to contest Legislative Council seats in the five geographical constituencies,in which two of the three incumbents were returned.
Proletariat Political Institute is a political organisation and school headed by Wong Yuk-man,former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It was first established by Wong in 2010 as a political educational institute within the League of Social Democrats (LSD),a pro-democratic social democratic party where Wong was the then chairman. It quit the LSD under Wong's leadership and became one of the coalition members of the radical democratic party People Power in 2011. It left the People Power in 2013 and became one of the leading organisations for the localist cause in Hong Kong.
A localist political alliance was formed by 3 Hong Kong organisations –Civic Passion,Proletariat Political Institute and Hong Kong Resurgence Order –to field candidates to contest the 2016 legislative election. Without an official name,the alliance is informally called Yit Po Shing in Chinese,taking one word from each of the member organisation's name or ideology. The alliance's common platform is "Creating a de facto referendum in five constituencies;allow all citizens to participate in the creation of constitution".
The Sixth Legislative Council of Hong Kong was the sixth meeting of the legislative branch of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. Running from 1 October 2016 to 31 December 2021,it was the longest legislative session in Hong Kong history,lasted for five years and three months. The term of the session was originally from 1 October 2016 to 30 September 2020,but was extended by the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) due to the postponement of the 2020 Legislative Council election.
Cheng Chung-tai is a Hong Kong academic,social activist,and politician. After winning a seat in the New Territories West constituency in the 2016 legislative election,he took over from Wong Yeung-tat as chairman of Civic Passion until the dissolution in 2021.
Ventus Lau Wing-hong is a Hong Kong politician. He is the convenor of the Shatin Community Network and the founding convenor of the Community Network Union,an alliance of the localist community groups in different districts. He came to media attention in the 2018 New Territories East by-election and his candidacy was disqualified by the returning officer for his previous pro-Hong Kong independence stance. For his participation in the 2020 Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries he was part of a mass arrest on national security charges in January 2021 and remains in jail as of October 2021.
Cheng Tat-hung,known as Tat Cheng,is a Hong Kong politician,formerly affiliated with the Civic Party. He was a member of Eastern District Council for Tanner from 2016 to 2021.
In the subsequently postponed 2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council election,12 opposition candidates were disqualified by the returning officers from running in the election,including four incumbent legislators,Alvin Yeung,Kwok Ka-ki,Dennis Kwok and Kenneth Leung,as well as activists Joshua Wong,Ventus Lau,Gwyneth Ho and Cheng Kam-mun and incumbent District Councillors Lester Shum,Tiffany Yuen,Fergus Leung and Cheng Tat-hung.
The 2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was originally scheduled on 6 September 2020 until it was postponed by the government. On 31 July 2020,Chief Executive Carrie Lam announced that she was invoking the Emergency Regulations Ordinance to postpone the election under the emergency powers granted to her by it,citing the recent resurgence of the COVID-19 cases,adding that the move was supported by Beijing.
On 11 November 2020,15 Hong Kong pro-democracy members of the Legislative Council announced their resignations in protest against the decision of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) which bars Legislative Council members from supporting Hong Kong independence,refusing to recognise Beijing's sovereignty over Hong Kong,seeking help from "foreign countries or foreign forces to interfere in the affairs of the region" or committing "other acts that endanger national security" that resulted in the disqualification of pro-democracy legislators Alvin Yeung,Dennis Kwok,Kwok Ka-ki and Kenneth Leung. In July 2020,the four had been barred from running in the subsequently postponed Legislative Council election originally scheduled for September 2020. The resignation en masse left the Legislative Council membership dwindled to 43 out of the total number of 70 seats,with virtually no opposition for the first time since the 1997 handover.
