Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong

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Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress
of Hong Kong
民主建港協進聯盟
AbbreviationDAB
Chairperson Gary Chan
Vice-Chairpersons Chan Yung
Ben Chan
Holden Chow
Chan Hok-Fung
Elizabeth Quat
Founded10 July 1992;32 years ago (1992-07-10)
Merger ofDemocratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Progressive Alliance
Headquarters15/F, SUP Tower,
83 King's Road,
North Point, Hong Kong
Youth wing Young DAB
Membership (2020)Increase2.svg 44,663 [1]
Ideology
Local affiliation Pro-Beijing camp [4] [5]
Colours   Blue and red
Slogan"Faithful to Hong Kong"
Executive Council
4 / 33
Legislative Council
19 / 90
District Councils
147 / 470
NPC (HK deputies)
7 / 36
CPPCC (HK members)
16 / 124
Website
dab.org.hk OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong
Traditional Chinese 民主建港協進聯盟
Simplified Chinese 民主建港协进联盟
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Mínzhǔ Jiàngǎng Xiéjìn Liánméng
Wade–Giles Min2-chu3 Chien4-kang3 Hsieh2-chin4 Lien2-mêng2
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization Màhnjyú Gin-góng Hihpjeun Lyùhnmàhng

The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) is a pro-Beijing political party registered since 1992 in Hong Kong. Chaired by Gary Chan and holding 13 Legislative Council seats, it is currently the largest party in the legislature and in terms of membership, far ahead of other parties. It has been a key supporting force to the SAR administration and the central government's policies on Hong Kong.

Contents

The party was established in 1992 as the "Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong" by a group of traditional Beijing loyalists who pledged allegiance to the Chinese Communist Party. As the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong was approaching, the party actively participated in elections in the last years of the colonial rule and became one of the major party and the ally to the government in the early post-handover era.

The DAB took a major blow in the 2003 District Council election due to the unpopular Tung Chee-hwa administration and the proposed legislation of the Article 23 of the Basic Law. However, the party still managed to recover its loss in the following decades, further expanded its electoral base and membership and absorbed the pro-business Hong Kong Progressive Alliance in 2005, becoming the a dominant force in Hong Kong politics.

The party received electoral successes in the 2007 and 2011 District Council elections, winning 136 local elected offices at its peak, and won 13 seats in the 2012 Legislative Council election thanks to its effective electoral strategy. In the 2019 District Council elections, however, the party received a significant loss of four-fifth of its seats the midst of the widespread anti-government protests.

History

Founding and the reunification (1992–1998)

The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong was founded as part of a wave of political party formations as Hong Kong approached its handover to China and amid electoral reform initiated by Governor Chris Patten. The 1991 Legislative Council election, which saw the defeat of all pro-Beijing candidates, was a catalyst to the forming of the DAB. [5] :100 In January 1992, director of the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office Lu Ping publicly encouraged the organisation of pro-Beijing political parties for the 1995 elections. [6] :10.8 Politicians from the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) and other pro-Beijing organisations including the Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers (FEW) formed the DAB on 10 July 1992, with Tsang Yok-sing as the party's first chairperson. [2] :161 The DAB was the first major pro-Beijing party as a part of the "United Front" on the eve of the handover of Hong Kong.[ citation needed ]

Compared with other pro-Beijing parties in Hong Kong, the DAB was more grassroots-oriented. [5] :100 The 56 founding members of the DAB held political views that were sympathetic towards China and emphasised friendly Sino-Hong Kong relations. [5] :100 At the time of founding, many of them held political positions associated with the Chinese government or pro-Beijing groups in Hong Kong. Chairman Tsang Yok-sing was a delegate to Guangdong Province People's Political Consultative Conference, vice-chairman Tam Yiu-chung and Chan Yuen-han were executive members of the pro-Beijing trade union FTU, and secretary Cheng Kai-nam was appointed by the Chinese government as the Hong Kong Affairs Advisor. [5] :101 Political scientist Sonny Lo Shiu-hing notes that early DAB members are also "pro-Hong Kong" in the sense that they advocate for the interests of Hong Kong and lobby Chinese officials. [5] :100

The DAB became the direct rival to the major pro-democracy party United Democrats of Hong Kong and its successor Democratic Party, which was formed in 1994. The DAB first fielded a candidate in the 1993 Regional Council by-election and lost. [5] :98 In the following year, the DAB participated in the 1994 District Board elections, where 37 of its 83 candidates were elected. [5] :98 In 1995, it participated in the municipal elections, winning eight directly elected and two indirectly elected seats. [7] Major leaders of the DAB participated in the 1995 Legislative Council election. It was regarded[ by whom? ] as test cases of the popularity of the new party. [8] Three of the four party leaders were defeated by pro-democracy candidates in the election, [9] including party chairman Tsang Yok-sing who lost to Liu Sing-lee of the Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) in the Kowloon Central constituency.

The DAB took part in the preparation for establishing the Special Administrative Region on the eve of the handover of Hong Kong. In January 1996, Tsang Yok-sing, Tam Yiu-chung, Ng Hong-mun and Lee Cho-jat were appointed to the Preparatory Committee. It had 46 members elected to the Beijing-controlled Selection Committee in November 1996. In the following month, the Selection Committee elected 10 DAB members to the Provisional Legislative Council (PLC). [10] The DAB and the Hong Kong Progressive Alliance (HKPA), another pro-Beijing party, allied with each other in the crucial Provisional Legislative Council debate on the substantial arrangements for the 1998 LegCo elections. This move was tacitly endorsed by the Heung Yee Kuk, and heralded as the unofficial merger of the parties. [11] The Provisional Legislative Council, which was controlled by the pro-Beijing camp, vetoed the democratic reform introduced by the last British governor Chris Patten and replaced the first-past-the-post with the proportional representation method in the Legislative Council elections, so that the weaker DAB would be able to exploit the benefit of the proportional representation by taking a seat in every geographical constituency without having a majority of the votes. After the SAR was established, Tam Yiu-chung and was also appointed to the Executive Council by Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa as the representative of the party.

Early Tung Chee-hwa administration and Article 23 setback (1998–2003)

Previous version of the DAB logo from 1992 to 2005. DAB old logo.jpg
Previous version of the DAB logo from 1992 to 2005.

The DAB's electoral campaigns have been largely assisted by Beijing and its united front organs. The Liaison Office would mobilise various social groups and organisations to campaign for and to vote for the party, including employees of PRC state-owned companies and grassroots organisations such as the New Territories Association of Societies (NTAS) and the Kowloon Federation of Associations (KFA). The DAB's sister organisation FTU also mobilised its workers to campaign for the DAB members. The FTU also sent a recommendation letter to its four hundred thousand members to seek support for DAB candidates. [12]

In the 1998 LegCo election, the DAB took five directly elected seats with a quarter of the popular vote, compared to only two seats with 15% of the votes in the 1995 elections. [13] According to Karl Ho, the change from a candidate-based system to an electoral list proportional representation system benefitted the DAB. [14]

In December 1998, the party's 5th Central Committee decided to increase a Vice-Chairmanship, Ip Kwok-him and Cheng Kai-nam were subsequently elected as vice-chairmen. [15] In the first District Council elections in November 1999, the party filled in 176 candidates, 83 of which were elected, more than double compared to the 1994 elections. [16]

In the second SAR LegCo elections in September 2000, despite the conflict of interests scandal of Cheng Kai-nam, the DAB became a clear winner, capturing 11 seats in total, 7 in geographical constituency direct elections, 3 in functional constituencies and 1 Election Committee constituency. Although Cheng Kai-nam was elected, he soon resigned his party posts and LegCo seat under public pressure. After DAB candidate Christopher Chung Shu-kun losing to pro-democracy Independent Audrey Eu in the 10 December Hong Kong Island by-election, the DAB commanded 10 LegCo seats by the end of 2000.

In July 2002 the beginning of the second term of Tung Chee-hwa's administration, Chairman Tsang Yok-sing was appointed to the Executive Council under the Principal Officials Accountability System (POAS), succeeding Tam Yiu-chung. However the governing coalition between Tung Chee-hwa the DAB and the pro-business Liberal Party suffered from growing disunity as the popularity of Tung administration dropped. Although it continued provide stable support to the government as Beijing's demand, it paid a hefty political price in the sense of increasing middle-class disaffection with the party and growing rank-and file complaint. The DAB was increasingly frustrated by unequal political exchange with the government and the skimpy political rewards meted out by Tung. Tsang Yok-sing even openly aired his displeasure and advocated power sharing with the government. [17]

In the wake of the controversies over the legislation of Article 23 of the Basic Law, which outlaws treason, sedition, subversion and secession against the central government, the image of DAB was severely undermined by its unconditional support and defence of the legislation. The November 2003 District Councils elections saw the worst electoral performance in party's history, only 62 of the 206 candidates were elected. The party vice-chairman and LegCo member Ip Kwok-him was defeated in his own power base and long-time headquarter Kwun Lung by the pro-democracy The Frontier member and LegCo member Cyd Ho Sau-lan by a narrow margin of 64 votes. [18] The election results led to the resignation of chairman Tsang Yok-sing. [19] Tsang claimed that the electoral setback was due to the DAB's "Tung loyalist" public image. In December the party's Standing Committee elected Ma Lik as Tsang's successor. [20]

Late 2000s expansion and electoral victories (2004–2012)

The 2004 LegCo electoral campaign unfolded amid an economic rebound partly engineered by Beijing's up-lifting measures. The PRC athletes' impressive gains in the August 2004 Athens Olympics and the 50 Chinese Gold Medalists' visit to Hong Kong right before the polling induced among the voters a strong nationalistic pride that was beneficial to DAB candidates. [21] The DAB also managed to exploit the proportional representation to equalise votes for two of the candidates the party endorsed standing in the same constituency. Although support of Chan Yuen-han (FTU) was far higher than Chan Kam-lam (DAB) in Kowloon East, according to earlier polls, the two organisations managed to have both elected. At Hong Kong Island constituency, the ticket of Ma Lik and Choy So-yuk ultimately benefitted from a democratic camp mix-up that led to the resignation of the Democratic Party Chairman, Yeung Sum. The DAB become the largest political party in the Legislative Council to be represented with 12 seats (if including the two members ran under the FTU banner), with the pro-business Liberal Party coming second with 10 seats and the Democratic Party coming third with 9 seats.

On 16 February 2005, the DAB merged with the Hong Kong Progressive Alliance, and was renamed as the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong. [22] The two parties were merged with new committees and leadership in May, Ma Lik was re-elected as chairman and Ip Kwok-him, Tam Yiu-chung, Maria Tam and Lau Kong-wah as vice-chairmen. Since the merge with the Progressive Alliance, the DAB has gradually leaned to a more pro-middle-class position. In April 2007 leadership election, solicitor Gregory So succeeded Maria Tam as the vice-chairman of the party. The four new Standing Committee members were all professionals; besides Gregory So, Cheung Kwok-kwan, the Chairman of the Young DAB was a solicitor, Starry Lee Wai-king was an accountant, Ben Chan Han-pan was an engineer. [23] [ unreliable source? ] Meanwhile, the pro-labour and pro-grassroots FTU faction began to run in elections in their own banner. On 8 August 2007, Chairman Ma Lik died of cancer in Guangzhou. Tam Yiu-chung was elected as the new chairman by the Standing Committee on 28 August. [24]

The District Council Elections in 2007 saw the great bounce back of the DAB by winning 115 seats, more than a quarter of the seats in the district level, far ahead of other political parties. Gregory So resigned as the vice-chairman and was succeeded by Ann Chiang when he was appointed as the Under Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development by Chief Executive Donald Tsang in May 2008, [25] among other DAB members appointed to the government. Gregory So was later revealed by the media as having Canadian citizenship, which he had to renounce as a result. [26] The scandal became an electoral issue in the following 2008 LegCo Election that the pan-democracy camp used to attack the DAB candidates. Nevertheless, the DAB remained as the largest party in the Legislative Council in the election, winning 13 seats in total (if including the FTU candidates who had DAB membership). Chan Yuen-han and Wong Kwok-hing were founding members of the DAB and used to run for the DAB, they began to run under the FTU banner with more pro-labour position. In October, Tsang Yok-sing, the founding Chairman of the DAB, was elected as the President of the Legislative Council, becoming the first LegCo President with party membership. His seat at the Executive Council was succeeded by vice-chairman Lau Kong-wah.

In the 2011 District Council Elections, the DAB recorded a greatest victory in party's history, accumulating 136 seats, about one-third of the total, more than all pro-democratic parties combined.

Leung Chun-ying era (2012–2017)

The DAB supported Leung Chun-ying in the 2012 Chief Executive election. In the Legislative Council elections in September, with the party's first use of the electoral tactics of splitting candidate lists, the DAB won three seats in the New Territories West for the first time and two seats Hong Kong Island since 2004. It continued as the largest political force supporting the SAR administration today.

The DAB stood firmly with the government in the constitutional reform debate in 2014–15, and subsequently the massive Occupy protests against the 2014 NPCSC decision. On 17 April 2015, Starry Lee Wai-king became the first woman to chair the party, succeeding the outgoing Tam Yiu-chung. [27] In the 2015 District Council election, the first election under Starry Lee's chairmanship, the DAB retained its largest party status by winning 119 seats (including two who also ran under FTU banner), although incumbent legislators Christopher Chung and Elizabeth Quat were ousted by newcomers.

After the 2014 Occupy protests, there was an emerging pro-independence movement in which the DAB strongly opposed. In the 2016 New Territories East by-election, DAB member Holden Chow ran against the Civic Party's Alvin Yeung and pro-independence Hong Kong Indigenous' Edward Leung. Chow received about 35 per cent and about 10,000 votes short of the Civic Party candidate.

With four veteran incumbents, LegCo president Tsang Yok-sing, Tam Yiu-chung, Chan Kam-lam and Ip Kwok-him, retiring, the DAB set a more conservative electoral strategy in the 2016 Legislative Council election, fielding only nine candidate lists in the geographical constituencies and District Council (Second) functional constituency, two fewer than the last election. The DAB got all their nine candidate lists elected as a result with three traditional functional constituencies with a drop of their vote share from 20.22 to 16.68 per cent vote share. Chan Hak-kan succeeded Ip as the new caucus convenor.

In the 2017 Chief Executive election, the DAB which commanded over 100 seats in the Election Committee, endorsed and nominated former Chief Secretary for Administration Carrie Lam, which help her to defeat former Financial Secretary John Tsang with 777 votes. [28] [29] [30] In return, the Carrie Lam administration appointed Cheung Kwok-kwan to be a new member in the Executive Council.

Carrie Lam era (2017–2022)

In the March 2018 Legislative Council by-election triggered by the disqualification of Youngspiration's Yau Wai-ching over the oath-taking controversy, the DAB supported its member Vincent Cheng and the former FTU legislator Tang Ka-piu who joined the DAB before the election to run in Kowloon West and New Territories East respectively. Despite Tang's loss, Cheng made a surprising upset by narrowly defeating independent democrat Yiu Chung-yim, making it the first time the pro-Beijing camp received greater vote share than the pro-democrats in a geographical constituency since 2000 and the first time a pro-Beijing candidate won in a geographical constituency by-election since 1992.

In October 2020, Apple Daily reported that Carrie Lam had blamed the DAB for failing to raise political support for her administration, saying the DAB had failed for years in providing the government with "talent." [31] Lam was also reported to be unhappy with two government ministers from the DAB, and fired one but kept the other to avoid embarrassing the DAB. [31]

In November 2020, following the expulsion of 4 pro-democracy lawmakers from the Legislative Council, the DAB expressed support for the decision and accused the pro-democracy lawmakers of harming the country's interest. [32]

In February 2021, following calls from Xia Baolong that only "patriots" should be part of the government, the DAB supported his position and said that it should be done, as it claimed pro-democracy figures had done things "[I]ncluding advocating Hong Kong independence to poison young people, supporting black violence to damage the rule of law, colluding with foreign forces to interfere in Hong Kong's affairs and even attempting to steal the power to govern by running in an election to paralyse the government." [33]

John Lee era (2022–present)

In August 2022, after Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan, the DAB said it fully supported the mainland Chinese government and military in response to the visit. [34]

Ideology

The DAB is known as a Beijing loyalist party of "loving China and loving Hong Kong". [35] [ failed verification ] It stresses the "one country" part of the "One country, two systems" principle. As for issues on democratic reform, it takes a position to support slower pace in relative to what the Democratic Party supports, DAB claims by doing so stability and prosperity will be achieved. Former party chairman Tam Yiu-chung claims the DAB to be "rational and pragmatic". [36]

The party's main claim is that it is natural for ethnic Chinese in Hong Kong to be "patriotic" and support the government of the People's Republic of China. [37] The party supports nearly every policy of the HKSAR Government.

The DAB's support of social welfare improvements, including greater spending on education, housing, and employee retraining, has given it strong grassroots support. [38]

The DAB was historically a left-wing party, [39] but it is currently considered a big tent [40] or centre-right [41] [42] party. It had leaned to a more pro-middle-class position and professional-oriented since its merger with the Hong Kong Progressive Alliance (HKPA) in 2005.[ citation needed ]

The party also takes a social conservative stance, espousing 'traditional family values' and opposing same-sex marriage despite it not being in the party's official platform. [3] The DAB collaborated with evangelical Christian organisations in 2006 in drafting a submission on "harmonious families". [43] These organisations include the Hong Kong branches of the Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship International and the Christian Broadcasting Network. [43]

Internal factions

As the largest political party of Hong Kong, the party can be divided into several main factions:[ citation needed ]

Controversies

Comments of Tiananmen massacre

On 15 May 2007, then-party chairman Ma Lik provoked widespread condemnation within the local community when he claimed that "there was not a massacre" during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, as there was "no intentional and indiscriminate shooting". He said the popular belief of foreigners' "rash claims" that a massacre took place showed Hong Kong's lack of maturity. He said that Hong Kong showed, through this lack of patriotism and national identity, that it would thus "not be ready for democracy until 2022". [44]

Vice-chairman Tam Yiu-chung defended Ma, but questioned the timing: "people will understand it gradually". [44] However, Vice-chairman Lau Kong-wah, immediately offered to apologise, and distanced the party from Ma, saying that Ma had expressed "a personal opinion". [45] The DAB Central committee declined any further action against Ma following their meeting, and there was no official apology.

Allegations of irregularities

The DAB has been accused by pro-democracy media and politicians of providing benefits to certain people, including seafood meals and local trips to outlying islands at prices significantly lower than market rates to win their support. Other allegations include arranging free transport to mobilise people for their causes.

During the 2015 District Council elections, the South China Morning Post reported that elderly residents of care homes were being bussed to polling stations by DAB-arranged transport. A DAB candidate, Daniel Lam Tak-shing, was alleged to have instructed them on who to vote for outside of a polling station, raising questions on whether those votes were cast of their own will. He was also accused of giving out free gifts to these residents. [46] However, none of these practices are strictly illegal in Hong Kong.

Young DAB

The youth wing is the Young Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (Young DAB). In August 2022, it released results of a survey, showing that 30% of those polled in Hong Kong did not identify as being Chinese. [47] The Young DAB said that the government should enhance national identity, and vice-chairman Nicholas Muk Ka-chun said that "If you've looked at the Education Bureau's website [...] you would have noticed that the word 'patriot' does not exist". [47]

Election performances

Legislative Council elections

ElectionNumber of
popular votes
 % of
popular votes
GC
seats
FC
seats
EC
seats
Total seats+/−Position
1995 142,801Steady2.svg15.66Steady2.svg222
6 / 60
5Increase2.svg3rdSteady2.svg
1998 373,428Increase2.svg25.23Increase2.svg522
9 / 60
3rdSteady2.svg
2000 374,780Increase2.svg28.40Increase2.svg731
11 / 60
2Increase2.svg2ndSteady2.svg
2004 454,827Increase2.svg25.49Decrease2.svg93
12 / 60
2Increase2.svg1stIncrease2.svg
2008 433,684Decrease2.svg28.45Increase2.svg94
13 / 60
2Increase2.svg1stSteady2.svg
2012 366,140Decrease2.svg20.22Decrease2.svg94
13 / 70
3Increase2.svg1stSteady2.svg
2016 361,617Decrease2.svg16.68Decrease2.svg75
12 / 70
1Decrease2.svg1stSteady2.svg
2021 680,563Increase2.svg51.43Increase2.svg1045
19 / 90
6Increase2.svg1stSteady2.svg

Municipal elections

ElectionNumber of
popular votes
 % of
popular votes
UrbCo
seats
RegCo
seats
Total
elected seats
1995 90,548Steady2.svg16.24Steady2.svg
5 / 32
3 / 27
8 / 59

District Councils elections

ElectionNumber of
popular votes
 % of
popular votes
D.E.
seats
E.C.
seats
App.
seats
Ex off.
seats
Total seats+/−
1994 81,126Steady2.svg11.82Steady2.svg370
37 / 346
12Increase2.svg
1999 190,792Increase2.svg23.53Increase2.svg83130
83 / 390
27Increase2.svg
2003 241,202Increase2.svg22.94Decrease2.svg62140
62 / 400
21Decrease2.svg
2007 292,916Increase2.svg25.73Increase2.svg115140
115 / 405
40Increase2.svg
2011 282,119Decrease2.svg23.89Decrease2.svg136111
136 / 412
16Increase2.svg
2015 309,262Increase2.svg21.39Decrease2.svg1191
119 / 431
0Steady2.svg
2019 492,042Increase2.svg16.78Decrease2.svg210
21 / 452
96Decrease2.svg
2023 486,942Decrease2.svg41.58Increase2.svg4168380
147 / 470
126Increase2.svg

Leadership

Chairpersons

No.Chairman
(Birth–Death)
PortraitConstituencyTook officeLeft officeDuration
1 Tsang Yok-sing
(born 1947)
Tsang Yok-sing.jpg Kowloon West 10 July 19923 December 200311 years and 147 days
2 Ma Lik
(1952–2007)
Hong Kong Island 9 December 20038 August 2007 [n 1] 3 years and 243 days
Act. Tam Yiu-chung
(born 1949)
Tam Yiu-chung.jpg New Territories West 28 August 20073 September 20077 days
33 September 200717 April 20157 years and 227 days
4 Starry Lee
(born 1974)
Starry Lee.jpg District Council (Second) 17 April 201525 September 20238 years and 162 days
5 Gary Chan
(born 1976)
Chan Hak-kan in 2019.jpg New Territories North East 25 September 2023Incumbent353 days
  1. Died in office, Tam Yiu-chung served as acting chair between 28 August to 3 September 2007.

Vice-Chairpersons

Secretaries general

Treasurers

Deputy secretaries general

Senate chairmen

Representatives

Executive Council

Legislative Council

ConstituencyMember
Hong Kong Island East Edward Leung Hei
Hong Kong Island West Chan Hok-fung
Kowloon West Vincent Cheng Wing-shun
Kowloon East Ngan Man-yu
Kowloon Central Starry Lee Wai-king
New Territories South East Li Sai-wing
New Territories North Lau Kwok-fan
New Territories North West Holden Chow Ho-ding
New Territories South West Chan Han-pan
New Territories North East Chan Hak-kan
Agriculture and Fisheries Steven Ho Chun-yin
Accountancy Edmund Wong Chun-sek
Import and Export Kennedy Wong Ying-ho
HKSAR Members of NPCCC and CPPCC Chan Yung
Election Committee Rock Chen Chung-nin
Nixie Lam
Elizabeth Quat
Lillian Kwok Ling-lai
Chan Wing-kwong

District Councils

The DAB has won 109 seats in all 18 District Councils (2024–2027):

DistrictConstituencyMemberDistrictConstituencyMember
Hong Kong Island & KowloonNew Territories
Central and Western CentralJan Noel Shih Tsuen Wan Tsuen Wan NorthwestMatthew Wong Kai-chun
WesternTimothy Lau Tin-chingTsuen Wan SouthwestNg Chun-yu
District CommitteesYeung Hok-mingDistrict CommitteesTsang Tai
Iris Cheung Ka-yanJones Chan Chun-ching
Yeung Hoi-wingMarco Chow Sum-ming
AppointedIp Yik-namLau Chung-kwong
Wan Chai Wan ChaiNicholas Muk Ka-chunAppointedKoo Yeung-pong
Eastern Tai PakEddie Ting Ko-ho Tuen Mun Tuen Mun EastTerry Yip Man-pan
Hong WanAnnie Lee Ching-harTuen Mun WestChung Kin-fugn
Chai WanElaine Chik Kit-lingTuen Mun NorthApple Lai Ka-man
District CommitteesWong Chi-chungDistrict CommitteesTsang Hin-hong
Lam Wing-shingChing Chi-hung
Hung Chi-kitChan Tsim-heng
Kwok Wing-kinJohnny Ip Chun-yuen
Joseph Chan Hoi-wingJason Tsoi Shing-hin
Lau Suk-yinAppointedRex Mo Shing-fung
AppointedLam Sum-lim Yuen Long Yuen Long Town CentreRiben Li Kai-lap
Hung Lin-chamYuen Long Rural EastChui Kwan-siu
Cheng Chi-singTin Shui Wai South and Ping HaTerry So Yuen
Lau Hing-yeungTin Shui Wai NorthFennie Lai Yuet-kwan
Southern Southern District NorthwestCheung Lai-namDistrict CommitteesTom Tong Tak-chun
District CommitteesSunny Wong Choi-lapLeung Yip-pang
Victor Lau NgaiMa Shuk-yin
Danny Siu Wai-chungLam Wai-ming
Nicole Wong Yu-chingCalvin Sze To Chun-hin
AppointedRoy Chu Lap-waiAppointedYu Chung-leung
Li Kai-yingLui Kin
Chan Yuk-kitWeelie Wong Wai-ling
Yau Tsim Mong Yau Tsim Mong SouthChris Ip Ngo-tung North Wu Tip ShanYiu Ming
Yau Tsim Mong NorthLee Ka-hinRobin's NestKo Wai-kei
District CommitteesBenjamin Choi Siu-fungDistrict CommitteesLau Chun-hoi
Craig Jo Chun-wahSherwood Ng Yiu-cho
Lau Pak-keiRay Hau Hon-shek
Alex Poon King-woWu King-pang
AppointedBenny Yeung Tsz-heiPhillip Tsang Hing-lung
Edmond Chung Kong-moPun Hau-man
Sham Shui Po Sham Shui Po WestLeo Ho Kwan-chauWindy Or Sin-yi
Sham Shui Po EastRaymond Lam Wai-manAppointedChu Ho-yin
District CommitteesWu WanqiuWan Wo-fai
Cheung Tak-waiLai Sum
Chan Lung-kit Tai Po Tai Po SouthPeggy Wong Pik-kiu
AppointedSamuel Chan Wai-mingTai Po NorthWu Cheuk-him
Wong Chung-leungDistrict CommitteesLee Man-kit
Nicole Lau Pui-yukBarry Mui Siu-fung
Kowloon City Kowloon City NorthYeung Chun-yuWong Wai-tung
Kowloon City SouthNg Po-keungAppointedChan Pok-chi
District CommitteesChan Chi-wah Sai Kung Sai Kung and Hang HauYau Ho-lun
Ng Fan-kamTseung Kwan O SouthAmber Sze Pan-pan
AppointedLam Tak-shingTseung Kwan O NorthEdwin Wan Kai-ming
Poon Kwok-wahDistrict CommitteesPhillip Li Ka-leung
Wong Tai Sin Wong Tai Sin EastKyle Yuet Ngai-keungKan Tung-tung
Wong Tai Sin WestPoon Cheuk-bunChau Ka-lok
District CommitteeYuen Kwok-keungAppointedKi Lai-mei
Joe Lai Wing-hoChong Yuen-tung
AppointedLeung Tang-fungAngel Chong Nga-ting
Kwun Tong Kwun Tong Central Wilson Or Chong-shing Chan Kuen-kwan
Kwun Tong NorthCheung Pui-kong Sha Tin Sha Tin WestChan Tan-tan
Kwun Tong WestTam Siu-cheukSha Tin EastChu Wun-chiu
District CommitteesCheung Yiu-panSha Tin NorthChoi Wai-shing
Derek Tsang Wing-faiDistrict CommitteesMaisy Kung Mei-chi
April Feng Yunsi Ronald Yeung Ying-hon
Au Yeung Kwan-nokNg Kai-tai
AppointedHung Kam-inMok Hei-man
Hsu Yau-waiAppointedKelly Tung King-lei
Jack Cheung Ki-tangRoy Lam Kwong-kwan
Juliana Yu Kwai Tsing Tsing YiLo Yuen-ting
Kwai Tsing EastJody Kwok Fu-yung
Kwai Tsing WestWong Chun-yeung
District CommitteesNg Kin-wah
Tang Lai-ling
Lam Ying-wai
Yuen Yun-hung
Wong Shuk-man
Benny Ng Yam-fung
Ng Chi-wah
Wong Siu-kwan
AppointedChu Lai-ling
Leung Kar-ming
Poon Chi-sing
Islands IslandsYip Pui-kei
District CommitteesMealoha Kwok Wai-man
Lau Shun-ting

National People's Congress

Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Territories West (1998 constituency)</span>

The New Territories West geographical constituency was one of the geographical constituencies in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1998 to 2021. It was established in 1998 for the first SAR Legislative Council election and was abolished under the 2021 overhaul of the Hong Kong electoral system. Located in the western part of the New Territories, it was the largest geographical constituency in Hong Kong with 1,308,081 electorates in 2020. It consisted of Tsuen Wan District, Kwai Tsing District, Tuen Mun District, Yuen Long District and Islands District. In the 2016 Legislative Council election, it elected nine members of the Legislative Council using the Hare quota of party-list proportional representation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tam Yiu-chung</span> Hong Kong politician

Tam Yiu-chung, GBM, JP is a pro-Beijing politician in Hong Kong. He is a former member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC), former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) and former chairman of the pro-Beijing Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Starry Lee</span> Hong Kong politician

Starry Lee Wai-king, SBS, JP is a Hong Kong politician and former chairperson of the largest pro-establishment Beijing-loyalist party, the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB). She is a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC), Legislative Councillor for the Kowloon Central geographical constituency, and a former Kowloon City District Councillor. From 2012 to 2016, she was a member of the Executive Council.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 Hong Kong legislative election</span>

The 2012 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 9 September 2012 for the 5th Legislative Council (LegCo) since the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2007 Hong Kong local elections</span>

The 2007 Hong Kong District Council elections were held on 18 November 2007. Elections were held to all 18 districts of Hong Kong, returned 405 members from directly elected constituencies out of total 534 councils member. A total number of 886 candidates contesting in 364 seats, while 41 seats were uncontested. A total number of 1.4 million voters cast their ballots, consisting 38% of the electorate, significantly lower than the last elections in 2003.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2003 Hong Kong local elections</span>

The 2003 Hong Kong District Council elections were held on 23 November 2003 for all 18 districts of Hong Kong, 400 members from directly elected constituencies out of total 529 council members. It was the second District Council election after the handover of Hong Kong in 1997.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong</span> Political party in Hong Kong

The Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong was a pro-Beijing pro-business and conservative political party in Hong Kong. It was established in 1990, and was composed of mainly conservative businessmen and professionals. It contested in the District Board elections, Urban and Regional Council elections and the first Legislative Council election in 1991 against the liberal United Democrats of Hong Kong (UDHK). It was merged into the Hong Kong Progressive Alliance in 1997. Chaired by Hu Fa-kuang and vice-chaired by Maria Tam and Philip Kwok, the leading figures included Tso Wung-wai, Howard Young, and Daniel Heung.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5th Legislative Council of Hong Kong</span> 2012–2016 Legislative Council of Hong Kong

The Fifth Legislative Council of Hong Kong was the fifth meeting of the legislative branch of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. The membership of the LegCo is based on the 2012 election. The term of the session is from 1 October 2012 to 30 September 2016, during the term in office of the Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying. Due to the new arrangements agreed in a contentious LegCo vote in 2010, the session consists of the new total of 70 seats in LegCo, ten more than previously, with 35 members elected in geographical constituencies through direct elections, and 35 members in functional constituencies, in which five District Council (Second) functional constituency seats each represent all 18 District councils of Hong Kong voted for by all resident voters in Hong Kong. The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong remained the largest party while the pan-democrats secured the one-third crucial minority. Notable new members of the LegCo members include Gary Fan from the new established party Neo Democrats and first openly gay councillor, People Power's Ray Chan Chi-chuen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4th Legislative Council of Hong Kong</span> 2008–2012 Legislative Council of Hong Kong

The Fourth Legislative Council of Hong Kong was the fourth meeting of the legislative branch of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. The membership of the LegCo is based on the 2008 election. The term of the session is from 1 October 2008 to 30 September 2012, during the second half of the Donald Tsang's administration and first two months of the Leung Chun-ying's term in office. The meeting place was moved from the Legislative Council Building to the new built Legislative Council Complex in 2011. The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong remained the largest party with 10 seats. Notable newcomers to the Legislative Council included Regina Ip, Priscilla Leung, Wong Yuk-man, Tanya Chan, and Paul Tse.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3rd Legislative Council of Hong Kong</span> 2004–2008 Legislative Council of Hong Kong

The Third Legislative Council of Hong Kong was the meeting of the legislative branch of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. The membership of the LegCo is based on the 2004 election. The term of the session was from 1 October 2004 to 30 September 2008, during the second half of the Tung Chee-hwa's administration until his resignation in 2005 and was replaced by Donald Tsang for the rest of the term, and also the beginning of the third term of Chief Executive after Tsang won in the 2007 Election. The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) became the largest party with 10 seats. Notable newcomers to the Legislative Council included Leung Kwok-hung, Alan Leong, Ronny Tong, Albert Cheng, and Jeffrey Lam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Hong Kong legislative election</span> Election in Hong Kong

The 2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 4 September 2016 for the 6th Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo). A total of 70 members, 35 from geographical constituencies (GCs) and 35 from functional constituencies (FCs), were returned. The election came after the rejection of the 2016/2017 constitutional reform proposals which suggested the electoral method for the 2016 Legislative Council remains unchanged.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 Hong Kong local elections</span>

The 2015 Hong Kong District Council elections were held on 22 November 2015. Elections were held to all 18 District Councils with returning 431 members from directly elected constituencies after all appointed seats had been abolished.

The election for the Hong Kong deputies to the 12th National People's Congress (NPC) was held on 19 December 2012. 36 Hong Kong deputies were elected by an electoral college composed of 1,621 members.

The election for the Hong Kong deputies to the 10th National People's Congress (NPC) was held on 3 December 2002. 36 Hong Kong deputies were elected by an electoral college.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Hong Kong legislative election in District Council (Second)</span>

These are the District Council (Second) functional constituency results of the 2016 Legislative Council election. The election was held on 4 September 2016 and all 5 seats in were contested. The pan-democracy camp failed to achieve coordination and fielded six candidate lists while the pro-Beijing camp fielded only three seats, two for Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) and one for the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU). FTU incumbent Chan Yuen-han was no longer eligible for running as she retired from the District Council and Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) and Democratic Party incumbents Frederick Fung and Albert Ho lost their eligibility for running as they lost their District Council seats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">March 2018 Hong Kong by-elections</span>

The 2018 Hong Kong Legislative Council by-election was held on 11 March 2018 for four of the six vacancies in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) - the Hong Kong Island, Kowloon West and New Territories East geographical constituencies and the Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape functional constituency - resulting from the disqualification of six pro-democrat and localist camp Legislative Council members over the 2016 oath-taking controversy. The by-election for the two other seats was not held due to pending legal appeals by the two disqualified legislators.

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