Chris Armstrong (political theorist)

Last updated

Chris Armstrong is a British political theorist. He is the author of several books, including Justice and Natural Resources (2017) and A Blue New Deal (2022), the latter of which won the American Political Science Association's 2023 Lynton Keith Caldwell Prize. He is a professor of political theory at the University of Southampton, where he has worked since 2005.

Contents

Career

Armstrong read for a Bachelor of Arts degree in politics at the University of Durham (with an Erasmus year at the University of Amsterdam) from 1992 to 1996. He went on to read for a Master of Science degree at the London School of Economics from 1996 to 1997, and then a PhD in politics at the University of Bristol from 1998 to 2001. At Bristol, he was supervised by Judith Squires, and his thesis was examined by Anne Phillips. [1]

Armstrong undertook an Economic and Social Research Council-funded postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Bristol from 2001 to 2002, and then worked as a temporary lecturer in political theory at University College Dublin from 2002 to 2003. He moved to Queen's University Belfast as a lecturer in politics in 2003, and then joined the University of Southampton as a lecturer in 2005. Armstrong's first book was Rethinking Equality: The Challenge of Equal Citizenship, published in 2006 by Manchester University Press. He was promoted to senior lecturer in 2007, then reader in 2011. The following year, his Global Distributive Justice: An Introduction was published by Cambridge University Press. He was promoted to professor in 2013. [1]

Armstrong's Justice and Natural Resources: An Egalitarian Theory was published in 2017 by Oxford University Press. This was reviewed in several academic journals, [2] and was the subject of a special issue of the journal Global Justice: Theory Practice Rhetoric. [3] In the book, Armstrong offers an account of the concept of natural resource that Clare Heyward and Laura Lo Coco described in 2021 as "the most comprehensive and systematic ... to date". [3] In contrast to previous political philosophical accounts of the ownership of natural resources, Armstrong argues for a property view that is "disaggregated" (meaning that agents can have property-like rights over natural resources without possessing "full ownership" of them) and argues that agents can have special claims over particular natural resources on the grounds that they have improved those resources and on the grounds that they are attached to those resources. [3] As the title of the book suggests, Armstrong's account is egalitarian, but he does not call for equal distribution of resources. Instead, he is concerned with "equal access to wellbeing". [3] Why Global Justice Matters: Moral Progress in a Divided World, published by Polity Press, followed in 2019. [1]

In 2022, Armstrong published A Blue New Deal: Why We Need A New Politics for the Ocean with Yale University Press. [4] The book attracted considerable press attention, [5] including being named one of New Statesman 's Books of the Year for 2022. [6] Armstrong calls for a "Blue New Deal", a new politics of the sea offering the prospect of ecological resilience and a just blue economy. [7] Armstrong's central practical proposal is the need for a "World Ocean Authority" to oversee the high seas. [4] The book won the 2023 Lynton Keith Caldwell Prize from the American Political Science Association, [8] awarded for "the best book on environmental politics and policy published in the past three years". [9]

Armstrong's Global Justice and the Biodiversity Crisis: Conservation in a World of Inequality, from Oxford University Press, will be published in 2024. [10]

Selected bibliography

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethics</span> Philosophical study of morality

Ethics or moral philosophy is the philosophical study of moral phenomena. It investigates normative questions about what people ought to do or which behavior is morally right. It is usually divided into three major fields: normative ethics, applied ethics, and metaethics.

Egalitarianism, or equalitarianism, is a school of thought within political philosophy that builds on the concept of social equality, prioritizing it for all people. Egalitarian doctrines are generally characterized by the idea that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or moral status. As such, all citizens of a state should be accorded equal rights and treatment under the law. Egalitarian doctrines have supported many modern social movements, including the Enlightenment, feminism, civil rights, and international human rights.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Justice</span> Concept of moral fairness and administration of the law

Justice, in its broadest sense, is the concept that individuals are to be treated in a manner that is equitable and fair.

Distributive justice concerns the socially just allocation of resources, goods, opportunity in a society. It is concerned with how to allocate resources fairly among members of a society, taking into account factors such as wealth, income, and social status. Often contrasted with just process, which is concerned with the administration of law, distributive justice concentrates on outcomes. This subject has been given considerable attention in philosophy and the social sciences. Theorists have developed widely different conceptions of distributive justice. These have contributed to debates around the arrangement of social, political and economic institutions to promote the just distribution of benefits and burdens within a society. Most contemporary theories of distributive justice rest on the precondition of material scarcity. From that precondition arises the need for principles to resolve competing interest and claims concerning a just or at least morally preferable distribution of scarce resources.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hunter-gatherer</span> Peoples who forage or hunt for most or all of their food and life

A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially edible wild plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game. This is a common practice among most vertebrates that are omnivores. Hunter-gatherer societies stand in contrast to the more sedentary agricultural societies, which rely mainly on cultivating crops and raising domesticated animals for food production, although the boundaries between the two ways of living are not completely distinct.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ronald Dworkin</span> American legal philosopher (1931–2013)

Ronald Myles Dworkin was an American legal philosopher, jurist, and scholar of United States constitutional law. At the time of his death, he was Frank Henry Sommer Professor of Law and Philosophy at New York University and Professor of Jurisprudence at University College London. Dworkin had taught previously at Yale Law School and the University of Oxford, where he was the Professor of Jurisprudence, successor to philosopher H. L. A. Hart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Walzer</span> American philosopher (born 1935)

Michael Laban Walzer is an American political theorist and public intellectual. A professor emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) in Princeton, New Jersey, he is editor emeritus of Dissent, an intellectual magazine that he has been affiliated with since his years as an undergraduate at Brandeis University. He has written books and essays on a wide range of topics—many in political ethics—including just and unjust wars, nationalism, ethnicity, Zionism, economic justice, social criticism, radicalism, tolerance, and political obligation. He is also a contributing editor to The New Republic. To date, he has written 27 books and published over 300 articles, essays, and book reviews in Dissent, The New Republic, The New York Review of Books, The New Yorker, The New York Times, Harpers, and many philosophical and political science journals.

Criticism of libertarianism includes ethical, economic, environmental and pragmatic concerns. With right-libertarianism, critics have argued that laissez-faire capitalism does not necessarily produce the best or most efficient outcome, and that libertarianism's philosophy of individualism and policies of deregulation fail to prevent the abuse of natural resources. Criticism of left-libertarianism is instead mainly related to anarchism. Left and right-libertarians also engage in criticism of each other.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brian Barry</span> English philosopher (1936–2009)

Brian Barry, was a moral and political philosopher. He was educated at the Queen's College, Oxford, obtaining the degrees of B.A. and D.Phil. under the direction of H. L. A. Hart.

Left-libertarianism, also known as left-wing libertarianism, or social libertarianism, is a political philosophy and type of libertarianism that stresses both individual freedom and social equality. Left-libertarianism represents several related yet distinct approaches to political and social theory. Its classical usage refers to anti-authoritarian varieties of left-wing politics such as anarchism, especially social anarchism, communalism, and libertarian Marxism, collectively termed libertarian socialism. A portion of the left wing of the green movement, including adherents of Murray Bookchin's social ecology, are also generally considered left-libertarian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Global justice</span> Issue in political philosophy

Global justice is an issue in political philosophy arising from the concern about unfairness. It is sometimes understood as a form of internationalism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iris Marion Young</span> American philosopher (1949–2006)

Iris Marion Young was an American political theorist and socialist feminist who focused on the nature of justice and social difference. She served as Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago and was affiliated with the Center for Gender Studies and the Human Rights program there. Her research covered contemporary political theory, feminist social theory, and normative analysis of public policy. She believed in the importance of political activism and encouraged her students to involve themselves in their communities.

Luck egalitarianism is a view about egalitarianism espoused by a variety of egalitarian and other political philosophers. According to this view, justice demands that variations in how well-off people are should be wholly determined by the responsible choices people make and not by differences in their unchosen circumstances. This expresses the intuition that it is a bad thing for some people to be worse off than others through no fault of their own.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sustainability</span> Goal of people safely co-existing on Earth

Sustainability is a social goal for people to co-exist on Earth over a long time. Definitions of this term are disputed and have varied with literature, context, and time. Sustainability usually has three dimensions : environmental, economic, and social. Many definitions emphasize the environmental dimension. This can include addressing key environmental problems, including climate change and biodiversity loss. The idea of sustainability can guide decisions at the global, national, and individual levels. A related concept is that of sustainable development, and the terms are often used to mean the same thing. UNESCO distinguishes the two like this: "Sustainability is often thought of as a long-term goal, while sustainable development refers to the many processes and pathways to achieve it."

Environmental politics designate both the politics about the environment and an academic field of study focused on three core components:

John S. Dryzek is a Centenary Professor at the Centre for Deliberative Democracy and Global Governance at the University of Canberra's Institute for Governance and Policy Analysis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jason Brennan</span> American philosopher and business professor (born 1979)

Jason F. Brennan is an American philosopher and business professor. He is the Robert J. and Elizabeth Flanagan Family Professor of Strategy, Economics, Ethics, and Public Policy at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University.

Primitive communism is a way of describing the gift economies of hunter-gatherers throughout history, where resources and property hunted or gathered are shared with all members of a group in accordance with individual needs. In political sociology and anthropology, it is also a concept, that describes hunter-gatherer societies as traditionally being based on egalitarian social relations and common ownership. A primary inspiration for both Marx and Engels were Lewis H. Morgan's descriptions of "communism in living" as practised by the Haudenosaunee of North America. In Marx's model of socioeconomic structures, societies with primitive communism had no hierarchical social class structures or capital accumulation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of globalization</span> Overview of and topical guide to globalization

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the broad, interdisciplinary subject of globalization:

Gerald Allan Cohen was a Canadian political philosopher who held the positions of Quain Professor of Jurisprudence, University College London and Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory, All Souls College, Oxford. He was known for his work on Marxism, and later, egalitarianism and distributive justice in normative political philosophy.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Armstrong, Chris (2023). "CV". Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  2. Reviews:
  3. 1 2 3 4 Heyward, Clare, and Laura Lo Coco (2021). "Introduction to Syposium on Chris Armstrong: Justice and Natural Resources - An Egalitarian Theory". Global Justice: Theory Practice Rhetoric. 13 (1): i–vi. doi:10.21248/gjn.13.01.243.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. 1 2 Reviews:
  5. Coverage:
  6. "Best Books of the Year 2022". New Statesman . 3 December 2022. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  7. Ruwet, Mélodie (2023). "A Blue New Deal: why we need a new politics for the Ocean". Environmental Politics . 32 (1): 174–6. Bibcode:2023EnvPo..32..174R. doi:10.1080/09644016.2022.2126616. S2CID   253152944. He argues it is time to rethink our relationship with the ocean to foster a resilient environment and a just economy at sea. In short, we need a new politics for the ocean.
  8. "Organised Section Awards". Political Science Today. 3 (3): 52–64. August 2023. doi:10.1017/psj.2023.73.
  9. "Science, Technology & Environmental Politics, Section 15". apsanet.org. American Political Science Association. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  10. "Global Justice and the Biodiversity Crisis". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 27 February 2024.