Chrysaora helvola

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Chrysaora helvola
Medusae of world-vol03 fig366 Chrysaora helvola.jpg
Chrysaora helvola 01.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa
Order: Semaeostomeae
Family: Pelagiidae
Genus: Chrysaora
Species:
C. helvola
Binomial name
Chrysaora helvola
(Brandt, 1838)

Chrysaora helvola is a jellyfish in the family Pelagiidae. Although still recognized as a valid species by the World Register of Marine Species, [1] its taxonomic history is confusing and recent reviews of the genus have not recognized it. [2] [3]

Taxonomy

C. fuscescens was described in 1835 by Johann Friedrich von Brandt and three years later he described C. helvola (a name he preferred), noting that C. fuscescens was its synonym. This is contrary to the ICZN Code, which states that the oldest name must be used (the younger becomes a junior synonym), but Brandt's publications resulted in confusion and it was only in the 1980s that C. fuscescens again was recognized as a valid species. [2] Nevertheless, the long history of the name C. helvola means that it still appears, although recent reviews of the genus have not recognized it. [2] [3]

A secondary taxonomic problem related to C. chinensis of the central Indo-Pacific, which formerly was listed as a synonym of C. helvola. [2]

Related Research Articles

Genus is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

<i>Chrysaora quinquecirrha</i> Species of jellyfish

The Atlantic sea nettle, also called the East Coast sea nettle in the United States, is a species of jellyfish that inhabits the Atlantic coast of the United States. Historically it was confused with several Chrysaora species, resulting in incorrect reports of C. quinquecirrha from other parts of the Atlantic and other oceans. Most recently, C. chesapeakei of estuaries on the Atlantic coast of the United States, as well as the Gulf of Mexico, was only fully recognized as separate from C. quinquecirrha in 2017. It is smaller than the Pacific sea nettle, and has more variable coloration, but is typically pale, pinkish or yellowish, often with radiating more deeply colored stripes on the exumbrella, especially near the margin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pelagiidae</span> Family of jellyfishes

The Pelagiidae are a family of jellyfish. Members of the family Pelagiidae have no ring canal, and the marginal tentacles arise from umbrella margin.

<i>Pelagia noctiluca</i> Species of cnidarian

Pelagia noctiluca is a jellyfish in the family Pelagiidae and the only currently recognized species in the genus Pelagia. It is typically known in English as the mauve stinger, but other common names are purple-striped jelly, purple stinger, purple people eater, purple jellyfish, luminous jellyfish and night-light jellyfish. In Greek, pelagia means "(she) of the sea", from pelagos "sea, open sea"; in Latin noctiluca is the combining form of nox, "night"", and lux, "light"; thus, Pelagia noctiluca can be described as a marine organism with the ability to glow in the dark (bioluminescence). It is found worldwide in tropical and warm temperate seas, although it is suspected that records outside the North Atlantic region, which includes the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, represent closely related but currently unrecognized species.

<i>Chrysaora</i> Genus of jellyfish in the family Pelagiidae

Chrysaora is a genus of jellyfish, commonly called the sea nettles, in the family Pelagiidae. The origin of the genus name Chrysaora lies in Greek mythology with Chrysaor, brother of Pegasus and son of Poseidon and Medusa. Translated, Chrysaor means "he who has a golden armament."

<i>Chrysaora hysoscella</i> Species of jellyfish

Chrysaora hysoscella, the compass jellyfish, is a common species of jellyfish that inhabits coastal waters in temperate regions of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, including the North Sea and Mediterranean Sea. In the past it was also recorded in the southeastern Atlantic, including South Africa, but this was caused by confusion with close relatives; C. africana, C. fulgida and an undescribed species tentatively referred to as "C. agulhensis".

<i>Chrysaora fuscescens</i> Species of cnidarian

The Pacific sea nettle, or West Coast sea nettle, is a widespread planktonic scyphozoan cnidarian—or medusa, “jellyfish” or “jelly”—that lives in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, in temperate to cooler waters off of British Columbia and the West Coast of the United States, ranging south to México. The Pacific sea nettle earned its common name in-reference to its defensive, ‘nettle’-like sting; much like the stinging nettle plant, the sea nettle’s defensive sting is often irritating to humans, though rarely dangerous.

<i>Chrysaora melanaster</i> Species of cnidarian

Chrysaora melanaster, commonly known as the northern sea nettle or brown jellyfish, is a species of jellyfish native to the northern Pacific Ocean and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean. It is sometimes referred to as a Pacific sea nettle, but this name is also used for C. fuscescens; the name Japanese sea nettle was also used for this species, but that name now exclusively refers to C. pacifica. Although jellyfish kept in public aquariums sometimes are referred to as C. melanaster, this is the result of the historical naming confusion and these actually are C. pacifica.

<i>Clathrodrillia</i> Genus of gastropods

Clathrodrillia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Drilliidae.

<i>Calvadosia</i> Genus of jellyfishes

Calvadosia is a genus of stalked jellyfish in the order Stauromedusae. It is the only genus in the monotypic family Kishinouyeidae.

<i>Mawia</i> Genus of jellyfishes

Mawia is a genus of jellyfish in the family Pelagiidae. It is a monotypic genus with the sole species Mawia benovici. The team who discovered this jellyfish named it benovici after a late colleague, Adam Benovic. Originally belonging to the genus Pelagia, it was later moved into its own genus, which was named after the Arab warrior-queen Mavia. Although described based on specimens from the Adriatic Sea, a part of the Mediterranean, it was speculated that these might be transplants rather than a part of its natural range. A later study found specimens in Senegal, indicating that its natural range possibly is the Atlantic Ocean off West Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Turridae</span> Family of gastropods

Turridae is a taxonomic family name for a number of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.

<i>Chrysaora pacifica</i> Species of jellyfish

Chrysaora pacifica, commonly named the Japanese sea nettle, is a jellyfish in the family Pelagiidae. This common species is native to the northwest Pacific Ocean, including Japan and Korea, but it was formerly confused with the larger and more northerly distributed C. melanaster. As a consequence, individuals kept in public aquariums have often been mislabelled as C. melanaster. The medusae of C. pacifica typically has a bell with a diameter of 15–21 cm (5.9–8.3 in). Its sting is strong and can be dangerous to humans.

<i>Chrysaora chinensis</i> Species of jellyfish

Chrysaora chinensis, or the Indonesian sea nettle, is a species of jellyfish in the family Pelagiidae. It is native to the central Indo-Pacific region and its sting is considered dangerous.

<i>Chrysaora lactea</i> Species of jellyfish

Chrysaora lactea is a species of sea nettle in the family Pelagiidae. This jellyfish has a bell diameter of up to 25 cm (10 in), and it is native to the Atlantic coast of South America. It has also been reported from the Caribbean region, but genetic studies indicate that this population is closer to C. chesapeakei. A comprehensive taxonomic review is necessary to resolve this matter.

<i>Chrysaora plocamia</i> Species of jellyfish

The South American sea nettle is a species of jellyfish from the family Pelagiidae. It is found from the Pacific coast of Peru, south along Chile's coast to Tierra del Fuego, and north along the Atlantic coast of Argentina, with a few records from Uruguay. Despite its common name, it is not the only sea nettle in South America. For example, C. lactea is another type of sea nettle in this region. Historically, C. plocamia was often confused with C. hysoscella, a species now known to be restricted to the northeast Atlantic. C. plocamia is a large jellyfish, up to 1 m in bell diameter, although most mature individuals only are 25–40 cm (10–16 in).

<i>Chrysaora fulgida</i> Species of jellyfish

Chrysaora fulgida, the Benguela compass jelly, is a species of jellyfish in the family Pelagiidae. Found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean along the western coast of South Africa, its taxonomy has historically caused considerable confusion. Like other sea nettles, its sting is painful, but not generally dangerous unless there is an allergic reaction to the venom.

Chrysaora africana, the purple compass jelly, is a species of jellyfish from the family Pelagiidae. Found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean from Gabon to the western coast of South Africa, its taxonomy has historically caused considerable confusion. Like other sea nettles, its sting is painful, but not generally dangerous unless there is an allergic reaction to the venom.

Chrysaora pentastoma is a species of jellyfish from the family Pelagiidae. This small sea nettle has a strong sting and it is found in coastal waters of eastern South Australia.

<i>Chrysaora chesapeakei</i> Species of jellyfish

Chrysaora chesapeakei is a sea nettle from the family Pelagiidae. It was shown to be a distinct species from Chrysaora quinquecirrha in 2017. Since then, it is also commonly known as the bay nettle. It is mainly found in the Chesapeake Bay and along the East Coast of the United States.

References

  1. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Chrysaora helvola Brandt, 1838". marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Morandini, André; Marques, Antonio (2010-05-14). Revision of the genus Chrysaora Péron & Lesueur, 1810 (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Vol. 2464.
  3. 1 2 Gaffney, Patrick M.; Collins, Allen G.; Bayha, Keith M. (2017-10-13). "Multigene phylogeny of the scyphozoan jellyfish family Pelagiidae reveals that the common U.S. Atlantic sea nettle comprises two distinct species (Chrysaora quinquecirrha and C. chesapeakei)". PeerJ. 5: e3863. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3863 . ISSN   2167-8359. PMC   5642265 . PMID   29043109.