Chrysophenine

Chrysophenine

Names
Other names Direct Yellow 12, chrysophenine G
Identifiers
CAS Number	2870-32-8
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	21159733
ECHA InfoCard	100.018.817
EC Number	220-698-2
PubChem CID	24852029
UNII	8Q5531T139
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5041728
InChI InChI=1S/C30H28N4O8S2.2Na/c1-3-41-27-15-11-23(12-16-27)31-33-25-9-7-21(29(19-25)43(35,36)37)5-6-22-8-10-26(20-30(22)44(38,39)40)34-32-24-13-17-28(18-14-24)42-4-2;;/h5-20H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,35,36,37)(H,38,39,40);;/q;2*+1/p-2/b6-5+,33-31+,34-32+;; Key: YQMJDPHTMKUEHG-RNVLWOMCSA-L
SMILES CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)N=NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)C=CC3=C(C=C(C=C3)N=NC4=CC=C(C=C4)OCC)S(=O)(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
Properties
Chemical formula	C30H26N4Na2O8S2
Molar mass	680.66 g·mol−1
Appearance	orange powder
Melting point	174 [1]  °C (345 °F; 447 K)
Solubility in water	soluble
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Chrysophenine is a yellow water-soluble disazo stilbene dye, also known as Direct Yellow 12 or Chrysophenine G. The chemical formula is C₃₀H₂₆N₄Na₂O₈S₂. ^[2]

Synthesis

Chrysophenine is obtained by reacting Brilliant Yellow with chloroethane, which converts the two hydroxyl groups of Brilliant Yellow into ether groups. In its pure state, the compound forms an orange powder, soluble in water.

Uses

The compound is widely used in textile dyeing, biological staining, and has potential applications in photodynamic therapy. ^[3] Although it can contribute to water pollution, it can be effectively removed from wastewater through membrane filtration techniques.

Chrysophenine is used as a direct dye, meaning it can directly stain fibers without the need for a mordant (a substance that helps fix the dye to the fiber). It gives cellulose materials (linen, cotton, paper, viscose, etc.) ^[4] a bright golden-yellow color. The presence of sulfogroups in the molecules allows the dye to be used as an acidic dye for dyeing wool and silk fibers.

Chrysophenine is also known to be radiation and acid resistant. ^{[5] [6]}

See also

• Bromothymol blue
• Litmus
• Methyl orange
• Phenolphthalein
• pH indicator
• Universal indicator

References

1. "Chrysophenine | CAS 2870-32-8 | SCBT - Santa Cruz Biotechnology". scbt.com . Retrieved 26 July 2025.
2. "Chrysophenine Dye content 65 2870-32-8". Sigma Aldrich . Retrieved 26 July 2025.
3. Gurr, Edward (2 December 2012). Synthetic Dyes in Biology, Medicine And Chemistry. Elsevier. p. 210. ISBN   978-0-323-14242-7 . Retrieved 26 July 2025.
4. Venkataraman, K. (2 December 2012). The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes V7. Elsevier. p. 208. ISBN   978-0-323-15260-0 . Retrieved 26 July 2025.
5. "Chrysophenine". biosynth.com. Retrieved 26 July 2025.
6. Britain), Chemical Society (Great (1956). Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Colouring Matters: Report of a Symposium Held at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, on January 19th, 1956. Chemical Society. p. 14. Retrieved 26 July 2025.