| Cladonia lichexanthonica | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Cladoniaceae |
| Genus: | Cladonia |
| Species: | C. lichexanthonica |
| Binomial name | |
| Cladonia lichexanthonica Aptroot & Cáceres (2018) | |
Cladonia lichexanthonica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) squamulose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. [1] It is widely distributed in Brazil.
The species was formally described as new to science in 2018 by the lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors from the Morro do Pai Inácio (in Chapada Diamantina National Park) at an elevation between 1,050 and 1,140 m (3,440 and 3,740 ft); here the lichen was found growing on siliceous sandstone rock in a transitional forest. [2]
The lichen has a squamulose (scaley) thallus measuring up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter; this consists of a 5-millimetre (0.2 in) thick crust comprising individual crowded squamules, pale-olive green to olive brown, measuring 1–5 mm in size. The specific epithet lichexanthonica refers to the presence of lichexanthone, a secondary compound that was not previously known to occur in genus Cladonia . [2]
Cladonia lichexanthonica was originally known to occur only at the type locality (part of the Chapada Diamantina mountains), and was only known from the type specimen. Since then, its known range has expanded considerably, having been recorded from the states of Minas Gerais, Paraná, [3] Sergipe, [4] and Rio de Janeiro. [5]
Sporopodium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae.
Hafellia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions. The genus is named in honour of the Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner. The genus was proposed by the German lichenologist Klaus Kalb in 1986 to contain two bark-dwelling species, formerly in genus Buellia, with callispora-type spores. These ascospores have ridged walls, and are thin walled at their tips at early states of their differentiation.
Cryptothecia is a genus of white to greenish crustose lichens that grow on bark, wood, or leaves, in tropical or subtropical areas worldwide. It has a conspicuous prothallus that develops around its periphery which can be bright red in some species, hence the common name wreath lichen. The main vegetative body (thallus) lacks a cortex (ecorticate and is often immersed in the substrate or byssoid. The medulla is white, well defined, and often peppered with calcium oxalate crystals. Ascomata are not well defined, being cushions of soft white mycelium immersed in the medullary tissue, hence the name from the Greek krypto = "to conceal" and theke = "a container or sheath". It contains Trentepohlia, a green alga, as its photobiont partner.
Cresponea is a genus of lichens in the family Opegraphaceae. The genus, circumscribed in 1993, contains species that were formerly classified in Lecanactis. Cresponea is widely distributed, but most species are found in tropical and subtropical regions. The genus is named in honor of Spanish lichenologist Ana Crespo.
Sclerophyton is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Opegraphaceae. It has about 15 species. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologist Franz Gerhard Eschweiler in 1824, with Sclerophyton elegans assigned as the type species.
Pterygiopsis is a genus of fungi within the family Lichinaceae. It contains 11 species.
Viridothelium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae. It has 11 species. The genus was circumscribed by Robert Lücking Matthew Nelsen, and André Aptroot in 2016, with Viridothelium virens assigned as the type species. Lichens in this genus were previously assigned to genus Trypethelium, as part of the Trypethelium virens clade.
Cladonia minisaxicola is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found in Bahia, Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors from the Serrano along Rio de Lençóis at an altitude between 450 and 500 m ; here the lichen was found growing on siliceous sandstone rock in a transitional forest. Cladonia minisaxicola is only known to occur at the type locality, and is only known from the type specimen. The lichen has a crustose thallus that consists of lobe-like nodes that collectively form an irregular crust measuring up to 4 cm (1.6 in) in diameter. Although it differs from all other species of Cladonia in the form of its non-squamulose primary thallus, its position in that genus has been confirmed with molecular phylogenetic analysis. The specific epithet minisaxicola acknowledges its small size and saxicolous growth.
Cladonia inflata is a rare species of terricolous (ground-dwelling) lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found in Bahia, Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors from Palmeiras, on the Mount of Pai Inácio, at an altitude between 1,050 and 1,140 m ; here the lichen was found growing on siliceous sandstone rock in a transitional forest. Cladonia inflata is only known to occur at the type locality, and is only known from the type specimen. At this location the lichen is conspicuous but not abundant, and forms extensive mats with many other Cladonia species, such as C. bahiana, C. clathrata, C. dissecta, C. divaricata, C. friabilis, C. furfuracea, C. metaminiata, C. miniata, C. obscurata, C. parvipes, C. pityrophylla, C. polyscypha, C. salmonea, C. secundana, and C. substellata. The lichen has a fruticose (bushy), mineral-grey thallus that consists of upright hollow podetia measuring about 4 to 7 cm high, atop a cushion up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter. It contains the secondary compound fumarprotocetraric acid. The specific epithet inflata refers to the inflated thallus of the lichen.
Pertusaria lichexanthofarinosa is a rare species of crustose and corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. Found in Bahia, Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors near the Cachoeira do Mosquito at an altitude between 450 and 500 m ; here the lichen was found growing on tree bark in Atlantic Forest. Pertusaria lichexanthofarinosa is only known to occur at the type locality, and is only known from the type specimen. The specific epithet lichexanthofarinosa refers both to the presence of the cortical secondary chemical lichexanthone, as well as the farinose soredia.
Pertusaria lichexanthoimmersa is a rare species of crustose and corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. Found in Bahia, Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors from the Morro do Pai Inácio at an altitude between 1,050 and 1,140 m ; here the lichen was found growing on tree bark in a transitional forest. Pertusaria lichexanthoimmersa is only known to occur at the type locality, and is only known from the type specimen. The specific epithet lichexanthoimmersa refers both to the presence of lichexanthone as a secondary chemical, and the apothecia, which are immersed in the thallus. The lichen also contains norstictic acid.
Pertusaria lichexanthoverrucosa is a rare species of crustose and corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. Found in Bahia, Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors near the Cachoeira do Mosquito at an altitude between 450 and 500 m ; here the lichen was found growing on tree bark in Atlantic Forest near a river. Pertusaria lichexanthoverrucosa is only known to occur at the type locality, which is part of the Chapada Diamantina mountains. The specific epithet lichexanthoverrucosa refers to both the presence of lichexanthone as well as the verrucose (warty) thallus.
Astrothelium vulcanum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Guyana, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected from the Kuyuwini Landing (Rupununi) at an elevation of 200 m (660 ft); here, in a savannah forest, it was found growing on the smooth bark of trees. The lichen has a smooth, somewhat shiny thallus surrounded by a thin black prothallus, and covering areas up to 25 cm (10 in) in diameter. Its ascospores are spindle-shaped (fusiform) with rounded edges, with three septa and dimensions of 20–25 by 6.5–7.5 μm. Astrothelium vulcanum contains lichexanthone, a lichen product that causes the thallus to fluoresce when lit with a long-wavelength UV light.
Aggregatorygma is a small genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae.
Fissurina amazonica is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it is a shade-loving species that thrives in the understory of undisturbed rainforests.
Astrothelium gyalostiolatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described in 2022 by the Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. It belongs to the genus Astrothelium, sharing similarities with Astrothelium bicolor but uniquely characterized by the presence of lichexanthone exclusively around the ostioles.
Allographa pruinodisca is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It occurs in Brazil.
Fissurina isohypocrellina is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae]. Newly described to science in 2022, it is found in the rainforests of Acre, Brazil. This species is notable within the genus Fissurina genus for the presence of isohypocrellin, a rare secondary metabolite that contributes to its unique wine-red apothecia.
Architrypethelium submuriforme is a corticolous, crustose lichen species within the family Trypetheliaceae. Discovered in Brazil's Minas Gerais region, this species thrives on tree bark within rainforests. It is distinguished from others in its genus by its unique ascospore structure.
Cladonia megafurcata is a species of fruticose (shrub-like) lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It was discovered in the ecosystem of campos rupestres in Minas Gerais, Brazil. This habitat, found at elevations of 1,200–1,400 m (3,900–4,600 ft), is characterised by grassy areas interspersed with rocks and rocky outcrops.