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Abortion in Ireland is regulated by the Health Act 2018. Abortion is permitted in Ireland during the first twelve weeks of pregnancy,and later in cases where the pregnant woman's life or health is at risk,or in the cases of a fatal foetal abnormality. Abortion services commenced on 1 January 2019,following its legalisation by the aforementioned Act,which became law on 20 December 2018. Previously,the 8th Constitutional Amendment had given the life of the unborn foetus the same value as that of its mother,but the 36th constitutional amendment,approved by referendum in May 2018,replaced this with a clause permitting the Oireachtas (parliament) to legislate for the termination of pregnancies.
Libertarians promote individual liberty and seek to minimize the role of the state. The abortion debate is mainly within right-libertarianism between cultural liberals and social conservatives as left-libertarians generally see it as a settled issue regarding individual rights,as they support legal access to abortion as part of what they consider to be a woman's right to control her body and its functions. Religious right and intellectual conservatives have attacked such libertarians for supporting abortion rights,especially after the demise of the Soviet Union led to a greater divide in the conservative movement between libertarians and social conservatives. Libertarian conservatives claim libertarian principles such as the non-aggression principle (NAP) apply to human beings from conception and that the universal right to life applies to fetuses in the womb. Thus,some of those individuals express opposition to legal abortion. According to a 2013 survey,5.7/10 of American Libertarians oppose making it more difficult for a woman to get an abortion.
The United States is a global outlier among developed countries on the issue of abortion,with the subject being divisible in American politics and culture wars to an extent not found elsewhere. There are widely different abortion laws depending on state.
Abortion in Argentina is legal as an elective medical procedure during the first 14 weeks from conception. The abortion law was liberalized after the Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy Bill (Argentina) was passed by the National Congress in December 2020. According to the law,any woman can request the procedure at any public or private health facility. Doctors are legally bound to either perform it or,if they are conscientious objectors,refer the patient to another physician or health facility. Only three other Latin or South American countries legalised abortion on request nationwide before Argentina did:Cuba in 1965,Guyana in 1995 and Uruguay in 2012. According to polling in 2021,around 44% of Argentines support the legalization of abortion on request;other polls showed 50–60% of Argentines opposed the bill.
Thomas Wayne Butler is a politician,and member of the Alabama Senate. He represents the 2nd District as a member of the Republican Party. Senate District 2 encompasses east Limestone County and western Madison County. It includes the cities of Athens,Huntsville and Madison.
The timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting) represents formal changes and reforms regarding women's rights. The changes include actual law reforms,as well as other formal changes (e.g. reforms through new interpretations of laws by precedents). The right to vote is exempted from the timeline:for that right,see Timeline of women's suffrage. The timeline excludes ideological changes and events within feminism and antifeminism;for that,see Timeline of feminism.
Vivian Davis Figures is an American politician who is a Democratic member of the Alabama Senate,representing the 33rd District in Mobile County since she was elected on January 28,1997,to serve the remaining term of her late husband,Senator Michael Figures,who was the President pro tempore of the Alabama Senate. She was re-elected without opposition in 1998 and 2002.
Adelbert Carl "Del" Marsh is a former Republican member of the Alabama Senate,who represented the 12th District from 1998 until 2022. He defeated Democratic challenger Judge Wallace Wyatt in the 2010 midterm elections. The next day,he was chosen as President pro tempore of the Alabama State Senate by his colleagues. Since the succession of Kay Ivey to the position of Governor of Alabama on April 10,2017,until January 14,2019,the office of lieutenant governor was vacant.
This is a timeline of reproductive rights legislation,a chronological list of laws and legal decisions affecting human reproductive rights. Reproductive rights are a sub-set of human rights pertaining to issues of reproduction and reproductive health. These rights may include some or all of the following:the right to legal or safe abortion,the right to birth control,the right to access quality reproductive healthcare,and the right to education and access in order to make reproductive choices free from coercion,discrimination,and violence. Reproductive rights may also include the right to receive education about contraception and sexually transmitted infections,and freedom from coerced sterilization,abortion,and contraception,and protection from practices such as female genital mutilation (FGM).
Abortion in Uruguay is legal on request before twelve weeks of gestation,after a five-day reflection period. Abortion has been legalized in Uruguay since 2012. Uruguay is one of only four countries in South America where abortion is legal on request;the other three are Argentina,Guyana and Colombia.
The legality of abortion in the United States and the various restrictions imposed on the procedure vary significantly depending on the laws of each state or other jurisdiction. Some states prohibit abortion at all stages of pregnancy with few exceptions,others permit it up to a certain point in a woman's pregnancy,while others allow abortion throughout a woman's pregnancy. In states where abortion is legal,several classes of restrictions on the procedure may exist,such as parental consent or notification laws,requirements that patients be shown an ultrasound before obtaining an abortion,mandatory waiting periods,and counselling requirements.
Muslim views on abortion are shaped by Hadith,as well as by the opinions of legal and religious scholars and commentators. The Quran does not directly address intentional abortion,leaving greater discretion to the laws of individual countries. Although opinions among Islamic scholars differ over when a pregnancy can be terminated,there are no explicit prohibitions on a woman's ability to abort under Islamic law.
Georgia Right to Life (GRTL) is a 501(c)(4) anti abortion organization that is non-profit,non-partisan,and non-sectarian. It was incorporated in 1971 by Jay and Cheryl Bowman. In 1973,it became the state affiliate of the Washington,D.C.-based National Right to Life Committee in response to the Supreme Court decision of Roe v. Wade which legalized abortion.
A six-week abortion ban,also called a "fetal heartbeat bill" by proponents,is a law in the United States which makes abortion illegal as early as six weeks gestational age,which is when proponents falsely claim that a "fetal heartbeat" can be detected. Medical and reproductive health experts,including the American Medical Association and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,say that the reference to a fetal heartbeat is medically inaccurate and intentionally misleading because a conceptus is not called a fetus until eight weeks after fertilization,as well as that at four weeks after fertilization,the embryo has no heart,only a group of cells which will become a heart. Medical professionals advise that a true fetal heartbeat cannot be detected until around 17 to 20 weeks of gestation when the chambers of the heart have become sufficiently developed.
Katrina Frye Shealy is an American politician,and a member of the South Carolina State Senate. She is a Republican but was elected as a petition candidate from District 23 in Lexington County. At the time of her election in 2012,she was the only woman in the South Carolina Senate but as of May 2023,she is now one of five women currently serving in the South Carolina State Senate.
Clay Scofield is an American politician. A Republican,he served as a member of the Alabama State Senate from the 9th District from 2010 to 2023.
The Human Life Protection Act,also known as House Bill 314 and the Alabama abortion ban,is an Alabama statute enacted on May 15,2019,that imposes a near-total ban on abortion in the state. Set to go into effect in November 2019,a legal challenge against the bill delayed implementation until 2022. The bill was passed in both chambers of the Alabama Legislature in a party-line vote and signed by Republican governor Kay Ivey. Under the Human Life Protection Act,a doctor who performs a banned abortion in the state of Alabama is guilty of a Class A felony,and could be sentenced to life imprisonment. Several proposed amendments that would have allowed abortions in cases of rape and incest were rejected.
Abortion in Alabama is illegal. Under section 26-23H-4 of the Code of Alabama in the U.S. state of Alabama,it is unlawful for an abortion to be performed unless it is deemed absolutely necessary in order to prevent a serious health risk to the pregnant woman. There are no exceptions for rape or incest.
Abortion in Georgia is legal up to the detection of an embryonic heartbeat,which typically begins in the 5th or 6th week after the onset of the last menstrual period (LMP) or in two to three weeks after implantation. This law came into force on July 20,2022,almost a month after the U.S. Supreme Court's Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization,No. 19-1392,597 U.S. ___ (2022) ruling. In 2007,mandatory ultrasound requirements were passed by state legislators. Georgia has continually sought to legislate against abortion at a state level since 2011. The most recent example,2019's HB 481,sought to make abortion illegal as soon as an embryonic heartbeat can be detected;in most cases that is around the six-week mark of a pregnancy. Many women are not aware they are pregnant at this time. An injunction was issued against this bill by a federal judge,who ruled that it contravened the Supreme Court's 1973 ruling. A poll conducted by the Pew Research Center in 2014 found that 49% of Georgians believed abortions should be illegal in all or most cases vs 48% legal in all or most cases.
Abortion in Ohio is legal through 22 weeks. Following the passage of November 2023 Ohio Issue 1,abortion will become a legal right at all stages of pregnancy before viability starting December 7,2023,although abortions after the point of fetal viability are protected if a physician deems it as "necessary to protect the pregnant woman’s life or health."
References
- ↑ "Clyde Chambliss defeats Harris Garner in Senate District 30 GOP primary". AL.com. 2014-07-15. Retrieved 2018-05-19.
- ↑ "Clyde Chambliss". Legislature.state.al.us. Retrieved 2018-05-19.
- ↑ Trotta, Daniel (2019-05-15). "Alabama Senate bans nearly all abortions, including rape cases". Reuters . Retrieved 2020-12-29.
- ↑ "Alabama governor signs near-total abortion ban into law". CBS News . 16 May 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-05-16. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
- ↑ Williams, Timothy; Blinder, Alan (2019-05-14). "Lawmakers Vote to Effectively Ban Abortion in Alabama (Published 2019)". The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2020-12-29.
- ↑ "Why Alabama's Abortion Law Includes an Exemption for Infertility". 2019-05-29. Retrieved 2019-06-05.