Common babbler

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Common babbler
Common Babbler (Turdoides caudatus) in Hodal, Haryana W IMG 6317.jpg
T. c. caudata (Haryana, India)
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Leiothrichidae
Genus: Argya
Species:
A. caudata
Binomial name
Argya caudata
(Dumont, 1823)
Synonyms

Crateropus caudatus
Argya caudata
Turdoides caudata

Contents

The common babbler (Argya caudata) is a member of the family of Leiothrichidae. They are found in dry open scrub country mainly in India. Two populations are recognized as subspecies and the populations to the west of the Indus river system are now usually treated as a separate species, the Afghan babbler (Turdoides huttoni). The species is distinctly long-tailed, slim with an overall brown or greyish colour, streaked on the upper plumage and having a distinctive whitish throat.

Taxonomy

The common babbler was formerly placed in the genus Turdoides but following the publication of a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study in 2018, it was moved to the resurrected genus Argya . [2] [3]

Description

T. c. caudata (Haryana, India) Common Babbler (Turdoides caudatus) in Hodal, Haryana W IMG 6245.jpg
T. c. caudata (Haryana, India)
Common Babbler T. c. caudata at Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary, Gujarat, India Common Babbler AMSM6639.jpg
Common Babbler T. c. caudata at Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary, Gujarat, India
From India Common Babbler David Raju.jpg
From India

This small, slim babbler with a long tail is buff to grey above with dark streaks. The underside is unstreaked and paler, the throat being nearly whitish.

The species was originally described as Crateropus caudatus before it was moved to the genus Argya and still later to Turdoides. The species ending was, however, retained in these new combinations but the corrected feminine form caudata matches the Latin gender of the genus Turdoides. [4]

The common babbler group includes eclipes (Hume, 1877) from northern Pakistan to northwestern India and nominate caudata ( Dumont de Sainte Croix, 1823) in southern Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh and India (including the Lakshadweep Islands).

Behaviour and ecology

Like most other babblers, the common babbler is found in small parties of six to twenty. They are vociferous, moving on the ground often with members keeping watch from the tops of bushes. They forage through the undergrowth hopping on the ground and creeping like rodents. When moving on the ground, they often keep the long tail raised. The calls include a rapid trill which-which-whichi-ri-ri-ri-ri while the alarm consists of a high pitched squeak. [5] They are found mainly in dry regions with sparse and low thorny scrub vegetation. [6] They feed on insects, berries and grains. Favourite berries include those of the Lantana and Capparis. [7]

Several breeding pairs may be found within a group. Adults will often indulge in preening the head and neck feathers of other group members. The nesting season in India is in summer (May to July) with two peaks broken by a gap during the rains. They build a shallow cup nest low in a thorny bush and lay about 2-3 turquoise blue eggs. In northern India, they have been found to use heaps of lopped up Zizyphus for nesting. [6] The eggs hatch after about 13–15 days. Broods may be parasitized by the Jacobin cuckoo and the common hawk-cuckoo. The young birds are able to fly after about a week and continue to stay with the group, joining the adults at the roost. [8] Helpers, possibly young birds from the previous brood may assist the parents, feeding the brooding females and the young birds. [9] The feeding bird often hops after delivering food calls with a low trill and shivers its feathers. The gape of young birds is yellow and the iris colour changes from hazel to dark brown. [10] They roost communally. [11] The cooperative breeding structure is thought to be formed by groups of males with a shared lineage with the females moving out of their natal groups. [6]

Related Research Articles

Jacobin cuckoo Species of bird

The Jacobin cuckoo, pied cuckoo or pied crested cuckoo is a member of the cuckoo order of birds that is found in Africa and Asia. It is partially migratory and in India, it has been considered a harbinger of the monsoon rains due to the timing of its arrival. It has been associated with a bird in Indian mythology and poetry, known as the chataka represented as a bird with a beak on its head that waits for rains to quench its thirst.

Orange-billed babbler Species of bird

The orange-billed babbler also known as Ceylon rufous babbler or Sri Lankan rufous babbler is a member of the family Leiothrichidae.

Jungle babbler Species of bird

The jungle babbler is a member of the family Leiothrichidae found in the Indian subcontinent. Jungle babblers are gregarious birds that forage in small groups of six to ten birds, a habit that has given them the popular name of "Seven Sisters" in urban Northern India, and Saath bhai in Bengali, with cognates in other regional languages which also mean "seven brothers".

Yellow-billed babbler Species of brown-grey bird from southern India and Sri Lanka

The yellow-billed babbler is a member of the family Leiothrichidae endemic to southern India and Sri Lanka. The yellow-billed babbler is a common resident breeding bird in Sri Lanka and southern India. Its habitat is scrub, cultivation and garden land. This species, like most babblers, is not migratory, and has short rounded wings and a weak flight and is usually seen calling and foraging in groups. It is often mistaken for the jungle babbler, whose range overlaps in parts of southern India, although it has a distinctive call and tends to be found in more vegetated habitats. Its name is also confused with Turdoides leucocephala, which is also known as white-headed babbler.

Ashy-headed laughingthrush Species of bird

The ashy-headed laughingthrush is a member of the family Leiothrichidae. The laughingthrushes are a large family of Old World passerine birds characterised by soft fluffy plumage. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in southeast Asia.

Common hawk-cuckoo Species of bird

The common hawk-cuckoo, popularly known as the brainfever bird, is a medium-sized cuckoo resident in the Indian subcontinent. It bears a close resemblance to the Shikra, even in its style of flying and landing on a perch. The resemblance to hawks gives this group the generic name of hawk-cuckoo and like many other cuckoos these are brood parasites, laying their eggs in nests of babblers. During their breeding season in summer males produce loud, repetitive three note calls that are well-rendered as brain-fever, the second note being longer and higher pitched. These notes rise to a crescendo before ending abruptly and repeat after a few minutes; the calling may go on through the day, well after dusk and before dawn.

Rufous babbler Species of bird

The rufous babbler is an endemic species of bird found in the Western Ghats of southern India of the family Leiothrichidae It is dark brown and long tailed, and is usually seen foraging in noisy groups along open hillsides with a mixture of grass, bracken and forest.

Large grey babbler Species of bird

The large grey babbler is a member of the family Leiothrichidae found across India and far western Nepal. They are locally common in the scrub, open forest and gardenland. They are usually seen in small groups and are easily distinguished from other babblers in the region by their nasal call and the whitish outer feathers to their long tail. It is one of the largest babblers in the region.

<i>Turdoides</i> Genus of birds in the family Leiothrichidae

Turdoides is a genus of passerine birds in the laughingthrush family Leiothrichidae. The species are distributed across Africa and southern Asia and are typically fairly large, long-tailed birds which forage in noisy groups. The majority of species have drab brown or grey-brown plumage. Several species that were included in Turdoides in the past have been reassigned to Argya following a 2018 study that found multiple clades.

Arabian babbler Species of bird

The Arabian babbler is a passerine bird until recently placed in the genus Turdoides. It is a communally nesting resident bird of arid scrub in the Middle East which lives together in relatively stable groups with strict orders of rank.

Wayanad laughingthrush Species of bird

The Wayanad laughingthrush is a species of laughingthrush in the family Leiothrichidae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats south of Goa in India. These laughingthrushes move in groups in dense forests, producing loud calls but tend to be hard to spot in the undergrowth. They have brown upperparts, a white throat, a broad black mask through the eye and a heavy bill with pale yellow on the lower mandible. Despite the name, derived from the Wayanad region, this species has a wider range than the four other south Indian species of laughingthrush that are restricted to the higher elevation hills.

Iraq babbler Species of bird

The Iraq babbler is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae, native to reed beds of the Tigris-Euphrates Valley. It is found in Iraq and south-western Iran.

Scaly chatterer Species of bird

The scaly chatterer is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is also known as the bare-eyed babbler. It is found in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, and Tanzania. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

Striated babbler Species of bird

The striated babbler is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in southern Asia from Pakistan to Myanmar.

White-throated babbler Species of bird

The white-throated babbler is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is endemic to Myanmar.

Slender-billed babbler Species of bird

The slender-billed babbler is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in Bangladesh, Nepal, Northeast India and possibly Myanmar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rufous chatterer Species of bird

The rufous chatterer is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are dry savanna and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

Afghan babbler Species of bird

The Afghan babbler is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found from southeastern Iraq to south western Pakistan. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the common babbler.

<i>Argya</i> Genus of birds in the family Leiothrichidae

Argya is a genus of passerine birds in the family Leiothrichidae. The species are distributed across Africa and southern Asia and are typically fairly large, long-tailed birds that forage in noisy groups. Members of this genus were formerly placed in the genera Turdoides and Garrulax.

Laughingthrushes Family of birds

The laughingthrushes are a family, Leiothrichidae, of Old World passerine birds. They are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The entire family used to be included in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae.

References

  1. BirdLife International (2018). "Argya caudata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22716344A131973363. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22716344A131973363.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. Cibois, A.; Gelang, M.; Alström, P.; Pasquet, E.; Fjeldså, J.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Olsson, U. (2018). "Comprehensive phylogeny of the laughingthrushes and allies (Aves, Leiothrichidae) and a proposal for a revised taxonomy". Zoologica Scripta. 47 (4): 428–440. doi:10.1111/zsc.12296. S2CID   51883434.
  3. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Laughingthrushes and allies". World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  4. David N, Gosselin M (2011). "Gender agreement of avian species-group names under Art. 31.2.2 of the ICZN Code". Bull. Brit. Orn. Club. 131 (2): 103–115.
  5. Rasmussen, PC; JC Anderton (2005). Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Volume 2. Washington DC and Barcelona: Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. p. 443.
  6. 1 2 3 Gaston, AJ (1978). "Ecology of the Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus". Ibis. 120 (4): 415–432. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1978.tb06809.x.
  7. Ali, S; SD Ripley (1996). Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 6 (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 214–216.
  8. Moosavi, SMH; Behrouzi-Rad, B; Amini-Nasab, SM (2011). "Reproductive Biology and Breeding Success of the Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus in Khuzestan Province, Southwestern Iran" (PDF). Podoces. 6 (1): 72–79.
  9. "Effect of helpers on breeding success of the common babbler (Turdoides caudatus)" (PDF). Current Science. 82 (4): 391–392. 2002.
  10. Gaston, AJ (1975). "Change of iris colour during the post-fledging period in the Common Babbler (Turdoides caudatus)". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 72 (2): 548–552.
  11. Frere, AG (1921). "Roosting habits of the Common Babbler Argya caudata". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 28 (1): 280.