Comparison of OpenXPS and PDF

Last updated

This is a comparison of the OpenXPS document file format with the PDF file format. Both file format standards are essentially containers for representing digital content in a paper-like fashion. [1]

Contents

Note that OpenXPS is incompatible with .xps files generated by Windows 7 and Vista. Windows versions from Windows 8 onward generate .oxps, OpenXPS compliant files (see Open XML Paper Specification).

Design aims

The differences between Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS) and the Portable Document Format (PDF) can be traced to their heritage and the manner of their development, as they have different design goals and different groups providing input.[ citation needed ]

The different goals in the development of OpenXPS and PDF resulted in different principles and design tradeoffs between the file formats.[ citation needed ]

Comparison

[2]

File format OpenXPS PDF
Based on a format
developed by 		Microsoft Adobe Systems
Standardized by Ecma International [3] ISO
First public release date 2006 [4] 1993 [5]
Latest stable version Ecma International Standard ECMA-388 — Open XML Paper Specification — 1st Edition ISO 32000-1:2008 — Document management — Portable document format — Part 1: PDF 1.7
Latest standardised version Ecma International Standard ECMA-388 — Open XML Paper Specification — 1st Edition ISO 32000-2:2017 — Document management — Portable document format — Part 2: PDF 2.0
Language type Markup language (XML) [6] [7] PDF is a database of objects that may be created from PostScript or generated directly by an application.
XML schema representation XML Schema (W3C) (XSD) and RELAX NG (ISO/IEC 19757-2) [8] N/A
Compression format ZIP [6] [7] [9] LZW for both text and images; JPEG, JPEG 2000, and RLE for images only [10]
Container structure Open Packaging Conventions (ISO/IEC 29500-2:2008) [6] [7]
3D graphic content X3D (ISO/IEC 19775/19776) [11] U3D (Standard ECMA-363), [12] [13] PRC (Product Representation Compact, ISO 14739-1:2014)
Full file content compression Yes [2] Compression of collections of objects [14]
Fast page by page download from web servers Yes [2] Yes [2]
Multiple documents in one file Yes [2] Yes [15]
Document bookmarks and outline Yes [2] [16] Yes [2] [17]
Reflowable No [18] With Tagged PDF [19]
Hyperlinks Yes [2] [20] [21] Yes [2] [17]
Page thumbnails Yes [2] [20] Yes [2] [22]
Annotations Yes [20] Yes [2] [17]
Image transparencies Yes [2] Yes [2]
Gradient fills Yes [2] [21] Yes [2]
Alpha channel in color definitions Yes [2] Yes [2]
Support for multiple transparency blending modes ? Yes [14]
Change tracking No [2] No [2]
Password protection Yes [2] Yes [2] [17]
Digital signatures Yes [7] [9] [2] [20] Yes [17] [23]
JPEG (RGB and CMYK) (ISO/IEC 10918-1) Yes [9] [2] Yes [23]
JPEG 2000 (ISO/IEC 15444-1) No [2] Yes [23]
JBIG2 for bi-level images No [2] Yes [14]
PNG Yes [2] Yes [2]
TIFF (RGB and CMYK) Yes [2] No [2]
HD Photo / JPEG XR (ISO/IEC 29199-2:2009) Yes [6] No [2]
Gray support Yes [2] Yes [2]
RGB support Yes [2] Yes [2]
CMYK support Yes [2] Yes [2]
Spot color support Yes [2] Yes [2]
Filename extensions oxps [11] pdf [24]
Internet media types application/oxps [11] application/pdf [25]
Standard licensing
  • Ecma copyrighted free download
  • PDF 1.7: ISO copyrighted free download
  • PDF 2.0: ISO copyrighted, requires purchase
File format OpenXPS PDF

See also

Further reading

Related Research Articles

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format developed by Adobe in 1993 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Based on the PostScript language, each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, vector graphics, raster images and other information needed to display it. PDF was standardized as ISO 32000 in 2008, and no longer requires any royalties for its implementation.

In digital printing, a page description language (PDL) is a computer language that describes the appearance of a printed page in a higher level than an actual output bitmap. An overlapping term is printer control language, which includes Hewlett-Packard's Printer Command Language (PCL). PostScript is one of the most noted page description languages. The markup language adaptation of the PDL is the page description markup language.

A document file format is a text or binary file format for storing documents on a storage media, especially for use by computers. There currently exist a multitude of incompatible document file formats.

Ecma International Standards organization for information and communication systems

Ecma is a standards organization for information and communication systems. It acquired its current name in 1994, when the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) changed its name to reflect the organization's global reach and activities. As a consequence, the name is no longer considered an acronym and no longer uses full capitalization.

XFA stands for XML Forms Architecture, a family of proprietary XML specifications that was suggested and developed by JetForm to enhance the processing of web forms. It can be also used in PDF files starting with the PDF 1.5 specification. The XFA specification is referenced as an external specification necessary for full application of the ISO 32000-1 specification. The XML Forms Architecture was not standardized as an ISO standard, and has been deprecated in PDF 2.0.

Open XML Paper Specification is an open specification for a page description language and a fixed-document format. Microsoft developed it as the XML Paper Specification (XPS). In June 2009, Ecma International adopted it as international standard ECMA-388.

Office Open XML is a zipped, XML-based file format developed by Microsoft for representing spreadsheets, charts, presentations and word processing documents. The format was initially standardized by Ecma, and by the ISO and IEC in later versions.

PDF/A is an ISO-standardized version of the Portable Document Format (PDF) specialized for use in the archiving and long-term preservation of electronic documents. PDF/A differs from PDF by prohibiting features unsuitable for long-term archiving, such as font linking and encryption. The ISO requirements for PDF/A file viewers include color management guidelines, support for embedded fonts, and a user interface for reading embedded annotations.

A proprietary format is a file format of a company, organization, or individual that contains data that is ordered and stored according to a particular encoding-scheme, designed by the company or organization to be secret, such that the decoding and interpretation of this stored data is easily accomplished only with particular software or hardware that the company itself has developed. The specification of the data encoding format is not released, or underlies non-disclosure agreements. A proprietary format can also be a file format whose encoding is in fact published, but is restricted through licences such that only the company itself or licencees may use it. In contrast, an open format is a file format that is published and free to be used by everybody.

The Open Packaging Conventions (OPC) is a container-file technology initially created by Microsoft to store a combination of XML and non-XML files that together form a single entity such as an Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS) document. OPC-based file formats combine the advantages of leaving the independent file entities embedded in the document intact and resulting in much smaller files compared to normal use of XML.

The following is a comparison of e-book formats used to create and publish e-books.

This is a comparison of the Office Open XML document file format with the OpenDocument file format.

The Office Open XML format (OOXML), is an open and free document file format for saving and exchanging editable office documents such as text documents, spreadsheets, charts, and presentations.

The Office Open XML file formats are a set of file formats that can be used to represent electronic office documents. There are formats for word processing documents, spreadsheets and presentations as well as specific formats for material such as mathematical formulae, graphics, bibliographies etc.

STDU Viewer document viewer

STDU Viewer is computer software, a compact viewer for many computer file formats: Portable Document Format (PDF), World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), DjVu, comic book archive, FB2, ePUB, XML Paper Specification (XPS), Text Compression for Reader (TCR), Mobipocket (MOBI), AZW, multi-page TIFF, text file (TXT), PalmDoc (PDB), Windows Metafile (EMF), Windows Metafile (WMF), bitmap (BMP), Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), JPEG-JPG, Portable Network Graphics (PNG), Photoshop Document (PSD), PiCture eXchang (PCX-DCX). It works under Microsoft Windows, and is free for non-commercial use.

Geospatial PDF is a set of geospatial extensions to the Portable Document Format (PDF) 1.7 specification to include information that relates a region in the document page to a region in physical space — called georeferencing. A geospatial PDF can contain geometry such as points, lines, and polygons. These, for example, could represent building locations, road networks and city boundaries, respectively. The georeferencing metadata for geospatial PDF is most commonly encoded in one of two ways: the OGC best practice; and as Adobe's proposed geospatial extensions to ISO 32000. The specifications also allow geometry to have attributes, such as a name or identifying type.

The Portable Document Format was created in the early 1990s by Adobe Systems, introduced at the Windows and OS|2 Conference in January 1993 and remained a proprietary format until it was released as an open standard in 2008. Since then, it is under control of International Organization for Standardization Committee of volunteer industry experts.

References

  1. ↑ "Microsoft Watch - Business Applications - PDF and XPS: When Acronyms Compete". Archived from the original on 2012-09-13. Retrieved 2009-07-11.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Amiouny, Dany. "PDF or XPS: Choose the Right Document Format for your Applications". White Paper. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
  3. ↑ "XPS format passes first standardisation test | printweek.com | Latest Print Industry News, Jobs, Features, Product Reviews, Used Printing and Packaging Machinery". Archived from the original on 2007-12-24. Retrieved 2009-07-11.
  4. ↑ "XML Paper Specification". Archived from the original on 2009-08-25. Retrieved 2009-07-11.
  5. ↑ All About Adobe PDF - Webopedia.com
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-05. Retrieved 2009-07-06.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. 1 2 3 4 XPS: XML Paper Specification
  8. ↑ Standard ECMA-388
  9. 1 2 3 xml paper specification News and Other Resources | ZDNet
  10. ↑ [PDF Reference, Sixth edition, http://www.adobe.com/devnet/acrobat/pdfs/pdf_reference_1-7.pdf], p. 39
  11. 1 2 3 http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/ECMA-388.pdf
  12. ↑ Acrobat 3D Developer Center | Adobe Acrobat 3D Developer Center
  13. ↑ Ferris, Sara (2005). "U3D format debuts in Acrobat 7". CADalyst.
  14. 1 2 3 http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=51502 ISO 32000-1:2008
  15. ↑ A9 PDF Binders [ permanent dead link ]
  16. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-01-31. Retrieved 2009-07-15.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 PDF Intro
  18. ↑ An Introduction to Windows Presentation Foundation
  19. ↑ Web accessibility: web standards and ... - Google Books
  20. 1 2 3 4 XPS Annotator | XPSDev
  21. 1 2 Microsoft Adds XPS In Office 12 To Fight Adobe - InformationWeek
  22. ↑ http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/219/1/meckler94.pdf
  23. 1 2 3 https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-europe-08/Filiol/Presentation/bh-eu-08-filiol.pdf
  24. ↑ "explaining PostScript". Archived from the original on 2009-03-01. Retrieved 2009-07-11.
  25. ↑ "The application/pdf Media Type". IETF. March 2017. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.