Counts of Montfort (Swabia)

The Counts of Montfort were a German noble dynasty from Swabia. They belonged to high nobility of the Holy Roman Empire and enjoyed the privileged status of Imperial immediacy.

The influential and wealthy counts of Montfort took their name from an ancestral castle named Montfort  [ de ], which was situated close to today's Swiss border near Weiler, in the present-day Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

As the lords of Feldkirch (until 1390), Bregenz (until 1523), and Tettnang (until 1779), they would have a decisive influence on the development of not just Voralberg, but also Upper Swabia and Eastern Switzerland.

History

Montfort Castle at Langenargen

The counts held the lordships of the County of Feldkirch (until 1390), County of Bregenz (until 1523) and Tettnang (until 1779). They had territories in Upper Swabia and particularly in Vorarlberg, most of which they ruled. Until the 18th century, the counts were a remarkable family of the high nobility, the most important in the region of Lake Constance, but the line eventually became extinct. In a number of places, including Feldkirch, Bregenz and Langenargen, there are still signs of their history.

The counts of Montfort were originally a branch of another Swabian noble family, the counts palatine of Tübingen. Hugo II of Tübingen (d. 1182) married Elizabeth of Bregenz, and through her, Hugo would take ownership over the former territories of the counts of Bregenz, including Bregenz itself, Montfort, and Sigmaringen, making him a dominant power in the region. His marriage to Elizabeth would also provide him with close family ties to Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa and the Welfs (like Barbarossa and Henry the Lion, Elizabeth was a grandchild of the Welf duke Henry IX of Bavaria).

Upon the death of Hugo II, the majority of the former Bregenz territories would go to his second son, Hugo III (d.1228/1230), who after about 1200 would style himself "Hugo of Montfort". His territories as count included Raetia Curiensis, Tettnang, Bregenz, Feldkirch, Sonnenberg, Werdenberg, and Sargans. The new House of Montfort would adopt the arms of the County Palatine of Tübingen, but the Montfort arms would feature a red gonfalon on a silver shield instead of a gold one.

Hugo's older brother Rudolph I (1160-1219) continued the original line of the counts palatine; nevertheless, five generations later Gottfried II (d.1369) would be forced to sell Tübingen to the County of Württemberg and drop the title of count palatine in favor of the ordinary Count of Tübingen. He did, however, inherit Lichteneck via his wife Clara of Freiburg, and thenceforth his descendants would bear the title Count of Tübingen-Lichteneck. Next to Montfort-Tettang, this line would be the longest-lasting branch of the family, lasting until 1664.

Around 1779, Tettnang was sold to the Austrian House of Habsburg in order to pay debts. Several years later, the line became extinct upon the death of Count Anton IV in 1787. The Habsburgs added the Montfort lands to their Further Austrian possessions.

Montfort-Feldkirch

Hugo I of Montfort founded Feldkirch in the early years of the 13th century, building his castle (called "Schattenburg") on a hill overlooking the town. The town and castle would become the focal point of the Montfort-Feldkirch territories, with Schattenburg taking the place of the original Montfort castle. In 1375, burgrave Rudolph IV of Montfort sold the fiefdom to the Habsburg Duke Leopold III of Austria.

Montfort-Bregenz

Hugo II of Tübingen (†1182) inherited the County of Bregenz via his wife, Elizabeth of Bregenz. The Montfort-Bregenz branch of the dynasty continued until the middle of the 14th century, when its lands fell to Montfort-Tettnang, which starting in 1354 would be known as Montfort-Tettnang-Bregenz. This house would produce at least one figure of historical significance, the minstrel (Minnesänger) and statesman Hugo of Montfort (1357–1423).

In 1362 Hugo inherited the lands of the counts of Pfannberg via his wife Margaret. Hugo took residence at Pfannberg Castle in 1401, joining the Styrian nobility. The family would sell Pfannberg Castle in 1524 and move their residence to Peggau Castle, renaming themselves Montfort-Bregenz-Beckach (the contemporary form of Peggau).

In 1451, a portion of the Montfort-Bregenz territory was sold to the Habsburgs by Elizabeth of Hochberg, heir of Count William VII (†1422) of Montfort. The rest of the original Bregenz territories would be sold in 1523, though the Styrian branch of the family retained the Montfort-Tettnang lands until the extinction of the dynasty in 1787.

Counts of Montfort

Below, a list of the counts of Montfort,^{[ citation needed ]} numbered by order of ascension:

House of Tübingen

Partitions of Montfort under Tübingen rule

County of Montfort (1208-1260)
County of Feldkirch (1260-1375)	County of Tettnang (1260-1520)			County of Bregenz (1st creation) (1260-1338)
Sold to Austria
				County of Bregenz (2nd creation) (1353-1443)	County of Pfannberg (1379-1524) Renamed County of Peggau (1524-1779)
		County of Rothenfels (1438-1576)	County of Werdenberg (1438-1483)
				Sold to Austria
				County of Bregenz (3rd creation, half of previous county) (1482-1525)
				Sold to Austria
	Sold to Königsegg
					Sold to Austria

Table of rulers

(Note: Here the numbering of the counts is the same for all counties, as all were titled Counts of Montfort, despite the different parts of land or particular numbering of the rulers. The counts are numbered by the year of their succession.)

Ruler		Born	Reign	Death	Ruling part	Consort	Notes
Hugo I		c.1160	1208-1228	1228 or 12 March 1230/4	Montfort	Matilda of Eschenbach-Schnabelburg two children Matilda of Wangen five children	Son of Count Palatine Hugo of Tübingen, was the first count of Montfort, and the founder of the Montfort branch.
Hugo II		c.1195	1228-1257/60	11/15 August 1257/60 [1]	Montfort	Elisabeth of Burgau eight children	Sons of Hugo I, ruled together until 1230, when Rudolph inherited Werdenberg. Henry became bishop at Chur in 1251. For Rudolph I's descendants see Counts of Werdenberg. After Hugo's death the county was divided.
Henry I		c.1190	1228-1251	14 November 1272 [2]	Montfort	Unmarried
Rudolph I		c.1190	1228-1230	September 1244, 7 October 1247 or 19 May 1248	Montfort	Clementia of Kyburg c.1230 six children
Ulrich I		?	1260-1287	7 April 1287 [3]	Montfort-Bregenz	Agnes of Helfenstein c.1272 two children	Son of Hugo II, inherited Bregenz.
Henry III [4]		?	1260-c.1280?	17 January 1307	Montfort-Bregenz	Unmarried	Son of Hugo II, possibly co-ruled with Ulrich in Bregenz, which was probably the part which retained the main of the original county. As he was already cited as canon at Chur in 1282, he probably left the rule of the county earlier.
Rudolph II		?	1260-1302	19 October 1302	Montfort-Feldkirch	Agnes of Groningen c.1265 seven children	Son of Hugo II, inherited Feldkirch.
Hugo III		?	1260-1309	21 May or 5 December 1309 [5]	Montfort-Tettnang	Elisabeth two children	Son of Hugo II, inherited Tettnang.
Hugo IV		?	1287-1338	26 July 1338	Montfort-Bregenz	Unmarried	Sold half of Bregenz to Austria. Left no descendants and Bregenz was annexed to Tettnang.
Ulrich II		1266	1302-1343	17 February 1350	Montfort-Feldkirch	Unmarried	Sons of Rudolph III, ruled jointly. Rudolph became, in 1322, Bishop of Constance, and probably had to abdicate form the county. During the co-rulership, the brothers favored the settlement of Jews in Feldkirch. [6] In 1343 his nephews forced Ulrich to abdicate.
Rudolph III		?	1302-1322	27/8 March 1334	Montfort-Feldkirch	Unmarried
Hugo V		?	1302-1310	11 August 1310 [7]	Montfort-Feldkirch	Anna of Veringen eight children
Frederick		?	1310-1321	25 March 1321	Montfort-Feldkirch	Unmarried	Sons of Hugo V, co-ruled with their uncle.
Berthold		?	1310-1318	18 January 1318	Montfort-Feldkirch
William I		?	1309-1338	c.1350 [8]	Montfort-Tettnang	Elisabeth von Schlüsselberg one child Maria Anna Magdalena von Schwarzenberg no children Kunigunde from the House of Rappoltstein four children Unknown no children	Inherited Bregenz in 1338. After his death his sons divided the land.
			1338-1348/50		Montfort-Tettnang and Montfort-Bregenz
Rudolph IV the Elder		?	1343-1375	1375 [9]	Montfort-Feldkirch	Unmarried	Sons of Hugo V, were ruling jointly with their uncle (Ulrich II) and brothers (Berthold and Frederick) since 1310. However, they gained more independence after deposing their uncle in 1343.
Hugo VI		?	1343-c.1360	c.1360 [10]	Montfort-Feldkirch	Margaret of Furstenberg no children Bertha of Kirchberg c.1341 two children
Ulrich III		?	1359-c.1362	c.1362 [11]	Montfort-Feldkirch	Unmarried	Eldest son of Rudolph IV, probably co-ruled with his father after his uncle Hugo's death.
Hugo VII		?	1348/50 - 1354	3 November 1354	Montfort-Tettnang	Unmarried	Son of William I, inherited Tettnang. Had no descendants and the comital throne passed to his brother Henry.
William II		?	1348/50 - 1373/4	18 May 1373 or 14 June 1374	Montfort-Bregenz	Unknown one child Ursula de Ferrette 1354 no children Margaret of Schaumberg 26 March 1369 or 16 June 1373 [12] no children	Son of William I, inherited Bregenz. After his death his grandchildren divided the land.
William III		?	1348/50 - 1368	19 October 1368	Montfort-Bregenz	Ursula of Hohenberg c.1367 [13] two children	Son of William II, co-ruled with his father, predeceasing him.
Henry IV		?	1354-1407/8	1407/8 [14]	Montfort-Tettnang	Adelaide of Habsburg-Laufenburg before 1370 four children Klara von Ellenbach one child
Henry V		?	c.1380?-1395	c.1395	Montfort-Tettnang	Anna of Waldburg one child	Son of Henry I, co-ruled with his father, predeceasing him.
Conrad		?	1373/4-1393	1393	Montfort-Bregenz	Agnes of Montfort-Feldkirch two children	Son of William II, co-ruled with his father, predeceasing him. Through his marriage became son-in-law of Hugo VI.
Hugo VIII		1357	1373/4-1423	4 April 1423	Montfort-Pfannberg	Margaret of Pfannberg c.1373 one child Clementia of Toggenburg before 1401 no children Anna of Neuhaus before 1426 one child	Son of William III, inherited Montfort. He was also a minnesinger (troubadour).
Ulrich IV		?	c.1390-1410?	c.1410?	Montfort-Pfannberg	Judith of Stadeck before 1410 two children	Son of Hugo VIII, co-ruled with his father, predeceasing him.
Rudolph V the Younger		?	1375	16 November 1390	Montfort-Feldkirch	Unmarried	In 1375 sold the county to the Habsburgs.
In 1375, Feldkirch was sold to the Archduchy of Austria
William IV		?	1393-1422	1422	Montfort-Bregenz	Kunigunde of Toggenburg September/October 1387 [15] one child
William V		?	1408-1439	1439	Montfort-Tettnang	Kunigunde of Werdenberg-Bludenz one child	Sons of Henry I, ruled jointly. After William's death, his sons divided the land into Tettnang, Werdenberg and Rothenfels.
Rudolph VI		?	1408-1425	8 December 1425	Montfort-Tettnang	Unmarried
John I		?	1425-c.1431	c.1431	Montfort-Tettnang		Probably co-ruled with his father after the death of his uncle Rudolph.
Elisabeth		?	1422-1443	4 June 1458	Montfort-Bregenz	Eberhard of Nellenburg c.1413 one child William, Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg 17 August 1422 or 23 February 1424 (annulled 1436) two children	Last countess of Bregenz. In 1443 she sold the county to Austria.
In 1443 Bregenz was sold to the Archduchy of Austria
Stephen		After 1401	1423-1437	14/27 August 1437	Montfort-Pfannberg	Unmarried	Ruled jointly. Stephen was an uncle of Herman I, who was son of Ulrich IV.
Herman I		?	1423-1434/5	22 January 1434 or 24 July 1435	Montfort-Pfannberg	Margareta of Celje 15 March 1430 four children [16]
Herman II		?	1437-1482	1482	Montfort-Pfannberg	Cecilia of Liechtenstein-Murau 1462 five children	Sons of Herman I, ruled jointly.
John II		?	1437-1469	April 1469	Montfort-Pfannberg	A woman from the Sternberg family no children
George I		?	1437-1447	1447	Montfort-Pfannberg	Unmarried
Ulrich V the Elder		?	1439-1495	29 September 1495	Montfort-Tettnang	Ursula of Hachberg 1467 one child	Sons of William V, ruled jointly.
Rudolph VII		?	1439-1445	11 December 1445	Montfort-Tettnang	Beatrice of Helfenstein no children
Henry VI			1439-1444	23 November 1444	Montfort-Werdenberg	Unknown one child	Son of William V, inherited Werdenberg.
Hugo IX			1439-1491	16 October 1491	Montfort-Rothenfels	Elisabeth of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg before 1462 one child Elisabeth of Hohenlohe (d.24 December 1488)before 1488 one child	Son of William V, inherited Rothenfels.
William VI		?	1444-1483	5 February 1483	Montfort-Werdenberg	Clementia von Hewen two children	Left no descendants. Werdenberg merged in Rothenfels.
In 1483 Werdenberg was annexed by Rothenfels.
In 1482 half of Bregenz was recovered by Hugo, son of Herman II.
Hugo X		?	1482-1525	1550	Montfort-Bregenz	Veronica of Waldburg no children	Son of Herman II, bought half of Bregenz for himself, just to sell it once more in 1525.
In 1525 the half of Bregenz was sold again to the Archduchy of Austria.
George II		?	1482-1544	March/30 May 1544	Montfort-Pfannberg (1482-1524) Montfort-Peggau (1524-1544)	Catherine of Poland after 1522 one child	Sons of Herman II, ruled jointly. John was a canon in Salzburg.
Herman III		?	1482-1515	1515	Montfort-Pfannberg	Unmarried
John III		?	1482-1483	c.1483	Montfort-Pfannberg
John IV		?	1491-1529	19 September 1529	Montfort-Rothenfels	Apollonia of Kirchberg before 1518 no children Magdalena of Oettingen 23 June 1524 no children	Half-brothers, ruled jointly. John and his full brothers, Ulrich (who became Knight Hospitaller) and Henry (who became canon at Augsburg and Strasbourg) left no descendants and were succeeded by his nephews, sons of Hugo XI, their half-brother.
Ulrich VI		?	1491-1520	16 April 1520	Montfort-Rothenfels	Unmarried
Henry VII		?	1491-1512	12 January 1512	Montfort-Rothenfels	Unmarried
Hugo XI		?	1491-1519	24 April 1519	Montfort-Rothenfels	Anna of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Bitsch four children
Ulrich VII The Younger		Before 1439	1495-1520	23 April 1520	Montfort-Tettnang	Magdalena of Oettingen 24 February 1485 no children	Left no surviving descendants. Tettnang merged in Rothenfels.
William VII		c.1485	1495-1509	8 January 1509	Montfort-Tettnang	Unmarried	Co-ruled with his father, but predecesed him.
In 1520 Tettnang was annexed by Rothenfels.
Hugo XII		c.1500	1529-1564	21 November 1564	Montfort-Rothenfels	Maria Magdalena of Schwarzenberg before 1543 six children	Sons of Hugo XI, ruled jointly.
John V (II) [17]		c.1490	1529-1547	1547	Montfort-Rothenfels	Jeanne d'Arenberg c.1535 no children
Wolfgang I		?	1529-1541	21 March 1541	Montfort-Rothenfels	Eleonore of Wolfstein before 1523 no children
Jacob		c.1530	1544-1573	3 May 1572 [18]	Montfort-Peggau	Katharina Fugger 9 February 1553 five children [18]
Ulrich VIII			1564-1575	6 April 1575	Montfort-Rothenfels	Ursula of Solms-Lich 1559 two children	After his death, the county was annexed by the Barony of Konigsegg, depriving Ulrich's sons from succession.
In 1575 Rothenfels was annexed by the Barony of Königsegg.
John VI [19]		c.1557	1573-1619	21 February 1619 [19]	Montfort-Peggau	Sybilla Fugger 4 October 1587 Augsburg three children [19]	Sons of Jacob, ruled jointly. [20]
Wolfgang II		?	1573-1596	1596	Montfort-Peggau	Unmarried
George III		?	1573-1590	1590	Montfort-Peggau	Anna von Lobkowicz 1584 no children [21]
Anton I		?	1573-1592?	1595 [22]	Montfort-Peggau	Unmarried?
Hugo XIII		1 April 1599 [23]	1619-1662	2 July 1662	Montfort-Peggau	Johanna Euphroysne of Waldburg 7 October 1618 Wolfegg four children [23]	Sons of John VI, ruled jointly.
Herman IV		?	1619-1641	1641	Montfort-Peggau	Unmarried
John VII [24]		?	1619-1623	1623	Montfort-Peggau
Anton II the Elder		14 October 1635 [25]	1662-1706	15 June 1706 [25]	Montfort-Peggau	Maria Victoria of Spauer-Flavon 1670 two children [25]	Sons of Hugo XIII, ruled jointly.
John VIII [26]		25 November 1627 [26]	1662-1686	12 September 1686 [26]	Montfort-Peggau	Anna Eusebia of Königsegg 1655 one child Maria Katharina of Sulz 12 August 1658 two children [27]
Anton III		26 November 1670 [28]	1706-1733	17 December 1733 [28]	Montfort-Peggau	Maria Anna of Thun-Hohenstein 16 May 1693 two children [28]	Anton III, son of John VIII, shared rule with his cousin Sebastian, son of Anton II.
Sebastian		7 October 1684 [29]	1706-1728	6 February 1728 [29]	Montfort-Peggau	Unmarried
Maximilian Joseph Ernest		20 January 1700 [30]	1733-1759	17 March 1759 [30]	Montfort-Peggau	Maria Antonia of Waldburg 26 January 1722 one child [30]	Son of Anton II.
Francis Xavier		3 November 1722 [31]	1759-1780	24 March 1780 [31]	Montfort-Peggau	Sophia Theresa Maximiliane of Limburg-Bronkhorst 1 December 1758 no children [31]	After his death the county was sold to Austria.
In 1780, Pfannberg was sold to the Archduchy of Austria

Prince of Montfort

Arms of Jérôme Bonaparte as Prince of Montfort

In 1810, the Tettnang territory was adjudicated to the Kingdom of Württemberg. In 1816, King Frederick I vested his daughter Catharina and her husband Jérôme Bonaparte with the titles of Princess and Prince of Montfort (French: prince de Montfort). ^[32] This princely title continued in the family by descent. ^[33]

See also

• Tettnang Castle
• Werdenberg

Sources

• Burmeister, Karl Heinz: Montfort, von (Grafen von Montfort), Familienartikel in: Neue Deutsche Biographie, Bd. 18, S. 51-54
• Burmeister, Karl Heinz: Die Grafen von Montfort. Geschichte, Recht, Kultur. Festgabe zum 60. Geburtstag, hrsg. von Alois Niederstätter (= Forschungen zur Geschichte Vorarlbergs; NF 2). Universitätsverlag Konstanz, Konstanz 1996, ISBN   3-87940-560-3
• Burmeister, Karl Heinz; Kuhn, Elmar L., Moser, Eva u.a.: Die Grafen von Montfort. Geschichte und Kultur. (= Kunst am See; Band 8). Gessler, Friedrichshafen 1982, ISBN   3-922137-16-4

References

1. Stälin, C. F. (1847) Wirtembergische Geschichte (Stuttgart, Tübingen), Teil II, p. 448.
2. MGH Necrologia Germaniæ, Band I, p. 644.
3. MGH Necrologia Germaniæ, Band I, p. 147.
4. This count Henry is officially known as III, albeit the fact that there's no known Henry II in the family tree of the Montforts. In fact he is from the generation that immediately follows the one where Henry I belongs.
5. MGH Necrologia Germaniæ, Band I, p. 150.
6. Vorarlberg Chronik
7. He was already dead by 7 October 1310, according to Vanotti (1845), 12, p. 544.
8. Living in a document dated 6 February 1348, but already dead on another of 3 November 1353, according to Vanotti (1845), 19, p. 552 and Vanotti (1845), 20, p. 553.
9. His daughter Anna renounced her paternal inheritance in a document dated 6 June 1375, according to Vanotti (1845), Anhang, 94, p. 485.
10. Mentioned in a charter dated 23 June 1360, according to Bergmann, Grafen von Montfort (1848), Heft III, XXXII, p. 79.
11. Referenced as living in a charter dated 8 April 1362, according to Fink (2016), p. 154.
12. They are referred as married by a document dated 16 June 1373, according to Tangl, K. Die Grafen von Pfannberg, Archiv für Kunde österreichischer Geschichts-Quellen, Band XVIII (Vienna, 1857), 230, p. 196.
13. They are referred as married by a document dated 1367, according to Vanotti (1845), Anhang, 86, p. 483.
14. Referenced as dead in a document of his sons, dated 18 October 1408, according to Vanotti (1845), 34, p. 578.
15. Contract of marriage dated 29 September 1387, according to Vanotti (1845), Anhang, 122, p. 488.
16. Herman I. von Montfort
17. Known sometimes as John II: Graf Johann II. von Montfort-Rothenfels (ca. 1490-1547)
18. Jakob von Montfort
19. Johann VI. von Montfort
20. They're attested in 1592: Geschichte der Grafen von Montfort und von Werdenberg
21. Georg III von Montfort
22. Anton von Montfort
23. Hugo XV. von Montfort
24. Johann VII von Montfort
25. Johann Anton I van Montfort Tettnang
26. Johann VIII. von Montfort
27. Johann VIII. von Montfort
28. Anton II van Montfort Tettnang
29. Sebastian van Montfort Tettnang
30. Maximilian Joseph Ernst van Montfort Tettnang
31. Franz Xavier van Montfort Tettnang
32. Antoine-Vincent Arnault; Antoine Jay; Étienne de Jouy; Jacques Marquet de Norvins (1821). Biographie nouvelle des contemporains (in French). Paris: Librairie historique. p. 239.
33. Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review. London: Henry & Parker. 1860. p. 208.

External links

• Genealogy of the counts of Montfort