The Lordship of Culemborg (alternatively Kuilenburg and Cuylenburg), elevated to a county in 1555, in the current province of Gelderland, was an independent polity that until 1720 was in principle not part of the Dutch Republic, but in practice was largely dependent on it. It consisted of the city of Culemborg and the villages of Everdingen, Goilberdingen and Zijderveld.
In 1318, Culemborg received city rights from the lord, Jan van Beusichem.[1]:143 From 1341, the lords of Culemborg also owned the domain of Werth (Weert) near Borken.[2] The coat of arms of this domain (black lion in silver) was included in the coat of arms of the domain of Culemborg (three red columns in gold).[3]
Duke Ernst Frederik sold the county in 1720 to the Landstände of the Nijmegen Quarter, who in turn donated it to Stadtholder William IV in 1748.[1]:146 The House of Orange still carries the title of Count of Culemborg.[4]
Protestant Reformation
In the sixteenth century the Anabaptists were active in Culemborg, which the Diet fiercely opposed in 1539. In 1534/1535, a resident of Culemborg, Wolter Tesschenmacher, acted at the fall of the Anabaptist kingdom in Munster. In 1566, sympathizers of the iconoclasts manifested themselves with the active cooperation of the Count of Culemborg Floris van Pallandt. In the same year, Floris handed over the chapel of the Sint-Pietersgasthuis to the Calvinists, which became the first Protestant church building in the Netherlands.[5]:10–11
In the 1570s, the Johan Willemsvolk gang from Wesel in particular was active in Culemborg.[6]:366 The People of Johan Willemsz was the largest splinter group of the Batenburg sect that combined political criticism with criminality in its actions. People lived by robbery and murder in the countryside in the border region of Holland and Germany.[7]
The free tolerance policy during the reformation had hardly worked in Gelre, in contrast to Holland. The free domain of Culemborg was an exception to this.[citation needed]
With the arrival of the German Van Waldeck-Eisenberg family as counts of Culemborg, Lutheranism entered Culemborg. In 1640, a preacher came from Germany to conduct services for the count's family and staff in the castle's court chapel.[1]:189
With the arrival of the Batavian Republic, the counties ceased to exist. However, due to the donation to William IV, the head of the House of Orange-Nassau (the Dutch head of state) continues to use the title Count/Countess of Culemborg to this day.
References
1 2 3 4 5 6 de Beaufort, R.F.P.; van den Berg, Herma M. (1968). "Culemborg". De Betuwe[Batavia] (in Dutch). The Hague: Staatsuitgeverij.
1 2 "Chronik der Stadt Werth"[Timeline of the City of Werth]. Heimatverein Werth (in German). 2014-10-01. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
↑ Borggreve, J.G.; Jakobs-Lommers, Yvonne E.; Lägers, Hans L.F., eds. (May 2010). "Middeleeuwse kerken en kapellen" [Medieval churches and chapels]. Sporen van religieus erfgoed in Culemborg[Traces of religious heritage in Culemborg](PDF) (in Dutch). Culemborg: Oudheidkundig Genootschap A.W.K. Voet van Oudheusden. ISSN0929-1334.
↑ Frijhoff, W.T.M. (2003). "De protestantse Reformatie in de Nederkwartieren" [The Protestant Reformation in the Netherlands]. In Stinner, Johannes; Jacobs, I.D.; Evers, M. (eds.). Het hertogdom Gelre: geschiedenis, kunst en cultuur tussen Maas, Rijn en IJssel[The Duchy of Guelders: history, art and culture between Maas, Rhine and IJssel] (in Dutch). Utrecht: Stichting Matrijs. ISBN9789053451953.
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