Cross Creek (film)

Last updated
Cross Creek
Crosscreekposter.jpg
Theatrical release poster by Bill Gold
Directed by Martin Ritt
Screenplay byDalene Young
Based onCross Creek
by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings
Produced by Robert B. Radnitz
Martin Ritt
Terence Nelson
Starring Mary Steenburgen
Rip Torn
Peter Coyote
Alfre Woodard
Dana Hill
Cinematography John A. Alonzo
Edited bySidney Levin
Music by Leonard Rosenman
Production
company
Distributed by Universal Pictures
Associated Film Distribution
Release dates
  • May 1983 (1983-05)(Cannes)
  • September 21, 1983 (1983-09-21)(United States)
Running time
127 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$8 million [1]

Cross Creek is a 1983 American biographical drama romance film starring Mary Steenburgen as The Yearling author Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings. The film is directed by Martin Ritt and is based in part on Rawlings's 1942 memoir Cross Creek.

Contents

Plot

In 1928 in New York State, aspiring author Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings advises her husband that her last book was rejected by a publisher, she has bought an orange grove in Florida, and she is leaving him to go there. She drives to the nearest town alone, and arrives in time for her car to die. Local resident Norton Baskin takes her the rest of the distance to a dilapidated and overgrown cabin attached to an even more overgrown orange grove. Despite Baskin's (and her own) doubts, she stays and begins to fix up the property.

The local residents of "the Creek" begin to interact with her. Marsh Turner comes around with his daughter Ellie, a teenage girl who keeps a deer fawn as a pet named Flag. A black woman, Geechee, arrives and offers to work for her, even though Rawlings insists she cannot pay her much. The grove languishes below her expectations and Rawlings writes another novel, hoping to get it published. A young married couple moves into a cabin on Rawlings's property. The woman is pregnant and they reject Rawlings's attempts to help them.

Rawlings employs the assistance of a few of the Creek residents, Geechee and Baskin, to unblock a vital irrigation vein for her grove, and it begins to improve. The young couple has their child. Ellie's deer grows older and escapes her pen, and Marsh foretells that the deer will have to be killed for eating all their food. Geechee's husband comes to stay with her after being released from prison, and Rawlings offers him a place to work in her grove, but he refuses and Rawlings asks him to leave.

Even though her husband drinks and gambles, Geechee goes to leave with him, and Rawlings admits she will be sad to see Geechee leave, after Geechee demands to know why Rawlings would allow a friend to make such a mistake. Geechee decides to stay after all after telling Rawlings that she should learn how to treat her friends better.

Rawlings submits her novel, a gothic romance, to Max Perkins, and it is rejected again. He writes to ask her to write stories about the people she describes so well in her letters instead of the English governess stories she has been writing. She does so immediately, beginning with the story of the young married couple (which eventually becomes "Jacob's Ladder," published in Scribner's Magazine in 1931).

During a visit to the Turners' home on Ellie's 14th birthday, Flag escapes his pen once more and Marsh is forced to shoot him after he eats the family's vegetables. Ellie screams at him in hatred, and Marsh goes on a bender, goes into town and attracts the sheriff's attention. The sheriff finds Marsh drinking moonshine with a shotgun across his lap and demands the gun. When Marsh offers it to him, the sheriff shoots him. The story becomes the basis for The Yearling .

At Marsh’s funeral, Ellie blames Rawlings for Marsh's and Flag’s deaths and tells her to leave. Rejected and heartbroken, Rawlings leaves her home in a motorboat and rides down the waterways for several miles. After more than a day in complete isolation and loneliness out in the water, she returns to her home and is happily reunited with Geechee. A few nights later, Rawlings and Geechee find themselves battling to save their orange grove from the autumn frost. The neighbors arrive to help her out, and among them are Ellie and her younger siblings. Ellie apologizes to Rawlings for her behavior at Marsh's funeral, stating that “good friends shouldn’t keep apart,” and they reconcile.

Perkins visits and accepts her story "Jacob's Ladder" upon reading it. Baskin asks Rawlings to marry him, and she accepts after much hesitation about her independence. Rawlings realizes her profound attachment to the land at Cross Creek.

Cast

Production

In 1928 Rawlings gave up a ten-year career in journalism to move to Cross Creek and write novels. She won the Pulitzer in 1939 for The Yearling. [2] [3]

Rawlings' book Cross Creek was published in 1942. The New York Times called it "an autobiographical regional study". [4] Reviews were strong and the book became a best seller, selling more than 500,000 copies. [5] A companion book Cross Creek Cookery came out the same year. [6]

In 1943 Miss Zelma Gaison, a social worker and friend of Rawlings, sued the author for $100,000 alleging defamation of character in the novel, claiming it made her look like a "hussy" who "cursed". [7] The suit was initially dismissed. [8] However Gaison appealed to the Supreme Court, who referred the matter to a jury, saying there was an arguable case of invasion of privacy. [9] The jury ruled in Rawlings' favor. [10] Rawlings died in 1953.

Development

Film rights were purchased by producer Robert Radnitz. "There was such a feeling of place in the book," he said. "That's something that has always interested me, because I think all of us are very influenced by where we happen to live. Second, I felt that what she accomplished was incredible, particularly at the time she did it. It took tremendous courage for her to pick up and start a new life." [1]

In 1978 Radnitz announced he would make a TV movie of the book for NBC with Elizabeth Clark to adapt it. [11] The film was not made.

Radnitz decided to make a feature film instead and got Dalene Young to write a script. "The script was turned down by every major studio in town," said the producer. "They all said to me, 'God, it's beautiful. Come back if you've got Jane Fonda or Meryl Streep.' One of them literally suggested Barbra Streisand. I said to him, 'Can you really imagine Barbra Streisand in this role?' He said, 'Well, I admit it's off-casting, but it could be interesting'." [1]

Eventually he succeeded in getting Martin Ritt, with whom he had made Sounder, to direct and financing was obtained from EMI Films. [1]

It was one of a number of films Ritt had made about the South. "The essence of drama is change," he said, "and the South has gone through more changes than any other section of the country." [1]

Casting

In 1982 it was announced Mary Steenburgen would star and Steenburgen's husband Malcolm McDowell was to play editor Max Perkins. [12]

Ritt says he cast Steenburgen because "I wanted a lady out of Middle America who had a lot of the good qualities associated with that section of the country... I just thought she was right. It's an educated guess, you never really know. You try to pair the actors together with the big scenes. I knew Mary was good. I'd seen Melvin and Howard ... I just had a feeling she'd be right." [13]

The character based on Jody was a girl in real life and turned into a boy for The Yearling. The filmmakers were going to keep Jody a boy for the film until they saw Dana Hill in Shoot the Moon and changed it to a girl. [14]

Radnitz suggested Rip Torn, with whom he had worked on Birch Interval, as the backwoods hunter, Marsh Turner. When Alfre Woodard auditioned for her role Ritt says "Alfre just blew us all away. Everybody was crying when she left. Her power is extraordinary." [1]

"I don't think this role is demeaning at all," said Woodard. "It wasn't written that way. It could have been portrayed in a less sensitive light. But that would depend on what the actor brought to it. I thought this woman was quite wise and very much in touch with the earth. She was alive and I fell in love with her immediately. I wasn't prejudiced against her because she had to work for a white woman for a living, which any Black woman, even myself, would have had to do if she'd lived in Florida in 1925. I wasn't going to hold it against her and I wasn't going to try to portray, through that woman, my frustrations with the politics in this country." [15]

Shooting

Filming took place at Ocala, Florida, near Mrs. Rawlings's house, which is now a state museum. The unit had to deal with mosquitos, snakes, alligators and rainfall. "I felt I was being bitten by the same mosquitos and hearing the same sounds as Marjorie Rawlings," said Steenbergen. [1]

Radnitz said the location was almost another character in the film. [16]

Rawlings's husband, Norton Baskin, the hotel proprietor whom she met when she moved to Florida played by Peter Coyote in the film, came on location several times. He also had a cameo as the elderly man who directs Marjorie to Norton Baskin's hotel. "I was tickled to death when I met Peter Coyote," said Baskin. "He was macho as hell, which I wasn't. He is 6 foot 1, handsome and athletic, whereas I'm 5 feet 8 and anything but. I always wanted to look like that." [1]

"A lot of people down there really glorified and romanticized Marjorie, whereas Norton tended to be real straight about her," said Steenburgen. "It's very easy to approach a character like that - a so-called strong woman who overcomes the odds - and give a one-note performance, playing that strength alone. Strength is only one thing a person has. I'm real strong, and I'm also real feminine, and I don't find a struggle having those two things under one roof. Norton helped me to see that the same was true of Marjorie." [1]

Steenburgen said, "The movie is about what it takes to make a writer write - it's essentially an internal struggle - and it's very hard to do that, to be that quiet. Technically, I never found a key to it, but I did understand her compulsion, her passion. She was - I don't know a pretty phrase for it - emotionally constipated, and didn't feel she could be part of anything until she proved herself as a writer." [17]

"Writing is essentially an internal process," said the star. "To try to make that external has always been a trap for actors. You tend to get self-indulgent and overly dramatic. I don't know if I licked the problem, but I don't think I make people cringe. I tried to show her passion for wanting to be the best writer she could possibly be." [1]

"I'm sure some critics will feel we haven't dramatized the creative process," said Ritt. "But that's really not what this picture is about. It's about a community and its people and their impress on Marjorie Rawlings. Fundamentally, it's about the land, because that's what inspired Marjorie and gave her a chance to fulfill herself." [1]

"I love Cross Creek," Steenburgen said. "I think it's a much more wonderful movie than what I ever expected. Some movies are like home movies to the people who participated in them, and that's what Cross Creek is like for me. I watch the scenes with Rip (Torn) and remember what it was like doing them. It's so much fun working with him. You're never quite sure what you're going to get with him. You know it's going to be something truthful. A scene was always lively when he was in on it because he was so unpredictable. You had to be ready for anything. It's a nice fright, though. The kind of fright every actor hopes for." [13]

Differences from real life

The film fictionalised elements of Rawlings life: [18]

Also Baskin is only mentioned a few times in the book but makes up a major part of the film. [18]

Release

Box office

Ritt says he knew the film would be challenging commercially. "No one in middle America is wildly concerned about the dilemma of the artist," he said. [1]

The film performed poorly at the box office. [13]

Critical reception

Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 59% based on 17 reviews. [19]

Accolades

AwardCategoryNominee(s)Result
Academy Awards [20] [21] Best Supporting Actor Rip Torn Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Alfre Woodard Nominated
Best Costume Design Joe I. Tompkins Nominated
Best Original Score Leonard Rosenman Nominated
Cannes Film Festival [22] Palme d'Or Martin Ritt Nominated
NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture Alfre WoodardWon
National Board of Review Awards [23] Top Ten Films 9th Place
Young Artist Awards [24] Best Family Feature Motion PictureNominated
Best Young Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture Dana Hill Nominated

Related Research Articles

<i>The Yearling</i> (1946 film) 1946 film by Clarence Brown

The Yearling is a 1946 American Family Western film directed by Clarence Brown, produced by Sidney Franklin, and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). The screenplay by Paul Osborn and John Lee Mahin (uncredited) was adapted from Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings's 1938 novel of the same name. The film stars Gregory Peck, Jane Wyman, Claude Jarman Jr., Chill Wills, and Forrest Tucker.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Steenburgen</span> American actress (born 1953)

Mary Nell Steenburgen is an American actress, comedian, singer, and songwriter. After studying at New York's Neighborhood Playhouse in the 1970s, she made her professional acting debut in the Western comedy film Goin' South (1978). Steenburgen went on to earn critical acclaim for her role in Time After Time (1979) and Jonathan Demme's comedy-drama film Melvin and Howard (1980), for which she received the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

<i>Time After Time</i> (1979 film) 1979 film by Nicholas Meyer

Time After Time is a 1979 American science fiction film written and directed by Nicholas Meyer and starring Malcolm McDowell, David Warner, and Mary Steenburgen. Filmed in Panavision, it was the directing debut of Meyer, whose screenplay is based on the premise from Karl Alexander's novel Time After Time and a story by Alexander and Steve Hayes. The film presents a story in which British author H. G. Wells uses his time machine to pursue Jack the Ripper into the 20th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maxwell Perkins</span> Book editor

William Maxwell Evarts "Max" Perkins was an American book editor, best remembered for discovering authors Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, and Thomas Wolfe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings</span> American novelist (1896–1953)

Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings was an American writer who lived in rural Florida and wrote novels with rural themes and settings. Her best known work, The Yearling, about a boy who adopts an orphaned fawn, won a Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1939 and was later made into a movie of the same name. The book was written before the concept of young adult fiction arose, but is now commonly included in teen-reading lists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martin Ritt</span> American film and theatre director (1914–1990)

Martin Ritt was an American director, producer, and actor, active in film, theatre and television. He was known mainly as an auteur of socially-conscious dramas and literary adaptations, described by Stanley Kauffmann as "one of the most underrated American directors, superbly competent and quietly imaginative."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brunswick stew</span> American stew

Brunswick stew is a tomato-based stew generally involving local beans, vegetables, and originally small game meat such as squirrel or rabbit, though today often chicken. The exact origin of the stew is disputed. The states of Virginia and Georgia both claim its birth, with Brunswick County in Virginia and the city of Brunswick in Georgia claiming it was developed there. It may have originated earlier in some form in the city of Braunschweig in the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in today's northern Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dana Hill</span> American actress (1964–1996)

Dana Hill was an American actress and voice actress. She was known for playing Audrey Griswold in National Lampoon's European Vacation, and also known for her roles in Shoot the Moon and Cross Creek. As a voice actress, she was known for her work as Max Goof in Goof Troop. Hill had diabetes that affected physical growth, which meant that she often played children into adolescence and beyond.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ocala National Forest</span> National forest located in Florida, United States

The Ocala National Forest is the second largest nationally protected forest in the U.S. State of Florida. It covers 607 square miles (1,570 km2) of northern Florida. It is located three miles (5 km) east of Ocala and 16 miles (26 km) southeast of Gainesville. The Ocala National Forest, established in 1908, is the oldest national forest east of the Mississippi River and the southernmost national forest in the continental U.S. The word Ocala is thought to be a derivative of a Timucuan term meaning "fair land" or "big hammock". The forest is headquartered in Tallahassee, as are all three National Forests in Florida, but there are local ranger district offices located in Silver Springs and Umatilla.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings Historic State Park</span> State park in Florida, United States

Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings Historic State Park is a Florida State Park and historic site located on the former homestead of Pulitzer Prize-winning Florida author Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings (1896-1953). A National Historic Landmark, it is located in Cross Creek, Florida, between Ocala and Gainesville at 18700 South County Road 325.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juniper Prairie Wilderness</span> Part of a national forest located Florida

The Juniper Prairie Wilderness is a protected wilderness area in the Ocala National Forest in Florida, United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cross Creek, Florida</span> Unincorporated community in Florida, U.S.

Cross Creek is an unincorporated community in Alachua County, Florida, United States. It is located on Cross Creek, a short stream connecting Orange and Lochloosa lakes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marion Hotel (Ocala, Florida)</span> United States historic place

The Marion Hotel is a historic hotel in Ocala, Florida, United States. It is located at 108 North Magnolia Avenue. On October 16, 1980, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. The manager of the hotel in the 1930s was Norton Baskin, a career hotelier originally from Union Springs, Alabama, who had worked in hotels in Atlanta, Valdosta, GA and Lake Worth, FL before coming here in 1933. It was here that he met the famous author Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings who was living nearby in the hamlet of Cross Creek. The story of their long courtship is told in the 1983 movie "Cross Creek," which featured Mary Steenburgen as Marjorie and Peter Coyote as Norton. While Norton Baskin managed the hotel, famous guests included actor W. C. Fields, novelist Sinclair Lewis, and journalist John Hersey, author of "Hiroshima" and winner of the Pulitzer Prize. With money made from her bestselling novel "The Yearling," Marjorie was able to invest in a hotel, run by Norton Baskin, in St. Augustine, where the couple moved and married in 1941. In 2022 plans were announced to restore the Marion Hotel building as a boutique hotel, after decades serving as a bank and office building.

Victor Nunez is a film director, professor at the Florida State University College of Motion Picture, Television and Recording Arts, and a founding member of the Independent Feature Project. He is best known for directing Ulee's Gold, a critically acclaimed movie starring Peter Fonda and Patricia Richardson. Nunez was inducted into the Florida Artists Hall of Fame in 2008 and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2016.

Cross Creek may refer to:

<i>The Yearling</i> 1938 novel by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings

The Yearling is a novel by American writer Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, published in March 1938. It was the main selection of the Book of the Month Club in April 1938. It won the 1939 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel.

Robert Bonoff Radnitz was an American film producer best known for his production of the family films Sounder and Where the Lilies Bloom. He produced several movies, many of which were adapted from children's literature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M. C. Nambudiripad</span>

Moothiringode Chithrabhanu Nambudiripad was a pioneer of popular science writing in Malayalam language and an eminent translator. He was one of the founders of popular science movement in Kerala State, India. He was conferred several awards for his writing and translation, and for contribution to society.

<i>The Secret River</i> (Rawlings book) 1955 childrens book by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings

The Secret River is a children's fantasy novel by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, author of The Yearling. Published in 1955, The Secret River received a Newbery Honor Award. The first edition, illustrated by Caldecott Medal winner Leonard Weisgard, was issued after Rawlings' death. The book was revised and reissued in 2009 with illustrations by Caldecott Medalists Leo and Diane Dillon. The new edition received an international children's book design award in 2012. The Secret River is the only book Rawlings wrote specifically for children. The story of young Calpurnia, who goes on a quest to find a magical river and catch fish for her starving family and friends, it has two themes common in Rawlings' writing, the magic of childhood and the struggle of people to survive in a harsh environment.

Gal Young 'Un is a 1979 American drama film directed by Victor Nuñez.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ALLIGATORS WEREN'T THE ONLY OBSTACLES TO 'CROSS CREEK' Farber, Stephen. New York Times 18 Sep 1983: A.15.
  2. 'The Yearling,' Prize Novel, Tells of 'Cracker' Schoolboy: Story of Cracker Youth Miami Daily News Wins The Christian Science Monitor 2 May 1939: 4.
  3. Only One Road to Success--Says Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings: Hard Work, Declares Author of "The Yearling," Pulitzer Prize Novel, Is Only One She's Found Modest and Unassuming A Journalist Ten Years Her Working Habits Her Hobby Is Cooking Neighbors Love Her Jody" Well Chosen By Sarah Shields Pfeiffer Written for The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor 4 Sep 1940: 7.
  4. Books of the Times By ROBERT van GELDER. New York Times 16 Mar 1942: 13.
  5. Best Sellers of the Week, Here and Elsewhere New York Times 23 Mar 1942: 13.
  6. Cross Creek: Here Comes Mary Meade Meade, Mary. Chicago Daily Tribune 15 Nov 1942: H21.
  7. CHARACTER' -- SUES WRITER: Social Worker Asks $100,000 of Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings New York Times 3 Feb 1943: 21.
  8. Suit Against Author Of 'Cross Creek' Off The Christian Science Monitor 1 Sep 1943: 2.
  9. BOOK SUIT TO BE RETRIED: Miss Rawlings' Writing of 'Cursing' Woman Will Go to Jury New York Times 25 Nov 1944: 17.
  10. Mrs. Rawlings Wins Verdict New York Times 29 May 1946: 6.
  11. 'Cross Creek' Set for TV Los Angeles Times 28 Sep 1978: e24.
  12. Dateline HollywoodBy Steve Pond. The Washington Post 04 Mar 1982: C7.
  13. 1 2 3 FOR ACTRESS, FANTASIES ARE NOW REALITY Lyman, Rick. Philadelphia Inquirer27 Nov 1983: K.1.
  14. MGM-UA SETS GUIDELINES FOR COST OF MOVIES: FILM CLIPS Pollock, Dale. Los Angeles Times 26 Mar 1982: h1.
  15. Positive Thinking White, Ernest P, Jr. Washington Informer Washington, D.C. Vol. 19, Iss. 51, (Oct 12, 1983): 15.
  16. CROSS CREEK Laursen, Byron. Los Angeles Times 29 Apr 1983: n14.
  17. Little Mary from Little Rock finds happiness Scott, Jay. The Globe and Mail20 May 1983: E.1.
  18. 1 2 THE MAN AT CROSS CREEK IT WASN'T EASY BEING MARRED TO MARJORIE KINNAN RAWLINGS. JUST ASK HER HUSBAND -- WHOSE STORY ISN'T IN ANY BOOK OR MOVIE Flood, Danielle. Sun Sentinel; Fort Lauderdale 8 Sep 1985: 27.
  19. "Cross Creek". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  20. "The 56th Academy Awards (1984) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Archived from the original on November 2, 2017. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  21. THE OSCAR CHASE: A PEEK BEHIND THE SCREEN HARMETZ, ALJEAN. New York Times 8 Apr 1984: A.19.
  22. "Festival de Cannes: Cross Creek". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 2009-06-14.
  23. "1983 Award Winners". National Board of Review . Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  24. "5th Youth In Film Awards". YoungArtistAwards.org. Archived from the original on 2011-04-03. Retrieved 2011-03-31.