| Ctenuchina | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Ctenucha brunnea | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Tribe: | Arctiini |
| Subtribe: | Ctenuchina W. Kirby, 1837 |
The Ctenuchina are a subtribe of moths in the family Erebidae. These moths are diurnal, meaning they fly during the day. Their coloration is similar to that of certain beetles and wasps that predators avoid. [1]
The Ctenuchina were previously classified as the subfamily Ctenuchinae of the family Arctiidae. That subfamily contained three tribes: Ctenuchini, Euchromiini (wasp moths), and Syntomini. The family Arctiidae was lowered in rank to the subfamily Arctiinae, and consequently, the three tribes became subtribes (with the -ina suffix). Ctenuchina and Euchromiina were reclassified in the tribe Arctiini, while the Syntomina were raised in rank to the tribe Syntomini. [2] [3]
List separated based on data from the Taxonomicon [4]
The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. Taxonomically, they are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly changing, along with the other families of the Noctuoidea. It was considered the largest family in Lepidoptera for a long time, but after regrouping Lymantriinae, Catocalinae and Calpinae within the family Erebidae, the latter holds this title now. Currently, Noctuidae is the second largest family in Noctuoidea, with about 1,089 genera and 11,772 species. This classification is still contingent, as more changes continue to appear between Noctuidae and Erebidae.
The Arctiinae are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths, which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness. Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
Noctuoidea is the superfamily of noctuid or "owlet" moths, and has more than 70,000 described species, the largest number of any Lepidopteran superfamily. Its classification has not yet reached a satisfactory or stable state. Since the end of the 20th century, increasing availability of molecular phylogenetic data for this hugely successful radiation has led to several competing proposals for a taxonomic arrangement that correctly represents the relationships between the major lineages.
The Arctiini are a tribe of tiger moths in the family Erebidae.
The Ophiusini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae.
The Phaegopterina are a subtribe of tiger moths in the tribe Arctiini, which is part of the family Erebidae. The subtribe was described by William Forsell Kirby in 1892. 469 species of Phaegopterina are present and 52 that are recently discovered in Brazil.
The Arctiina are a subtribe of moths in the family Erebidae.
The Lithosiini are a tribe of lichen moths in the family Erebidae. The taxon was described by Gustaf Johan Billberg in 1820.
The Aganainae are a small subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. The adults and caterpillars of this subfamily are typically large and brightly colored, like the related tiger moths. Many of the caterpillars feed on poisonous host plants and acquire toxic cardenolides that make them unpleasant to predators. Like the closely related litter moths, the adults have long, upturned labial palps, and the caterpillars have fully or mostly developed prolegs on the abdomen. The Aganainae are distributed across the tropics and subtropics of the Old World.
Janseodes is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae erected by Pierre Viette in 1967. Its only species, Janseodes melanospila, was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in India, South Africa and the US state of Florida.
Hemeroplanis is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1818.
The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromoth groups. The family includes the underwings (Catocala); litter moths (Herminiinae); tiger, lichen, footman and wasp moths (Arctiinae); tussock moths (Lymantriinae), including the arctic woolly bear moth ; fruit-piercing moths ; micronoctuoid moths (Micronoctuini); snout moths (Hypeninae); and zales, though many of these common names can also refer to moths outside the Erebidae. Some of the erebid moths are called owlets.
The Micronoctuini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae that includes about 400 described species. Typical species in the tribe have bifine hindwing venation and are smaller than those in other noctuoid moths. Micronoctua karsholti is the smallest of all species in the superfamily Noctuoidea.
The Pericopina is a subtribe of tiger moths in the family Erebidae. The subtribe was described by Francis Walker in 1869.
The Boletobiinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae, containing about 956 species. The taxon was described by Achille Guenée in 1858.
The Hypenodinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. Adult moths of most species of this subfamily lack small, simple eyes near the large, compound eyes and have quadrifine (four-veined) hindwing cells. The micronoctuid moths are an exception because they possess simple eyes and bifine (two-veined) hindwing cells.
The Euchromiina are a subtribe of tiger moths in the family Erebidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1876. Many species in the subtribe are mimics of wasps. Euchromiina have always been considered closely related to the subtribe Ctenuchina due to their similarity to moths and wasps. These two subtribes make up around 3,000 valid species, the majority of which occur in the Neotropics.
The Syntomini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae. The tribe was erected by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1846.
The Omopterini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae.
Stiriini is a tribe of owlet moths in the family Noctuidae. There are about 16 genera and more than 90 described species in Stiriini.
