This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy. Please share your thoughts on the matter at this article's deletion discussion page.
Feel free to improve the article, but the article must not be blanked, and this notice must not be removed, until the discussion is closed. For more information, particularly on merging or moving the article during the discussion, read the guide to deletion. Find sources:"Culdee Fell Railway"–news·newspapers·books·scholar·JSTOR%5B%5BWikipedia%3AArticles+for+deletion%2FCuldee+Fell+Railway%5D%5DAFD
Fictional railway which featured in books by Rev W Awdry
Railway lines of the Island of Sodor – the Culdee Fell Railway line is shown in purple, in the center of the map.
The Culdee Fell Railway is based on the Snowdon Mountain Railway, which Wilbert Awdry visited, with his friend the Rev. Teddy Boston, in early 1963. That summer he wrote a 2-part article about it in his series "Remarkable Railways", for the Church of England Newspaper. The Director of the Snowdon Mountain Railway at the time, A.O.E. Davis, suggested that Awdry might like to include a similar railway on Sodor. A suitable mountain was already marked on the first published maps of Sodor, the 2046ft-high Culdee Fell.[1]
Despite the fact that the railway has never appeared in the television series, Blue Mountain Mystery marks the very first time the Culdee Fell Railway was mentioned in the series in a learning segment about the difference between standard gauge and narrow gauge engines. The video states that Mr. Percival, who is the controller of the Skarloey Railway in the TV series, is also in charge of the Culdee Fell Mountain Railway.
(Fictional) History
According to "research" by the Rev. W Awdry, the railway was the brainchild of the tourist-minded Mid Sodor Railway, who had hopes to extend their line beyond Peel Godred to Kirk Machan at the foot of Culdee Fell, where passengers could board a rack railway to the summit. Initial attempts to establish a company however were thwarted by Lord Peter Barrane, the local landowner – this gave the Skarloey Railway an opportunity to capitalize by running horse-and-trap services from their terminus to a point half-way up the mountain, allowing a shorter and quicker climb. When the situation began to drain tourist monies away from the central portion of the island, local opinion was able to force Lord Barrane's hand.
This resulted in the formation of the Culdee Fell Tramroad and Hotel Company Ltd. Lord Barrane was established as company chairman and was able to have the proposed route modified to skirt his properties on the lower slopes of the mountain, hence the large loop the route takes from Kirk Machan to Skarloey Road, when the original plan was to head straight up the hillside. The Snowdon Mountain Railway had opened only a little earlier, and they provided advice and construction expertise. It is therefore no surprise that the 2 lines are similar in many respects – for example, both use the Abt rack system and have a track gauge (common to other mountain railways) of 800mm (2ft71⁄2in). However, the Culdee Fell Railway is twice the length, with shallower gradients at the base, and a much harder final climb to the summit.[2]
Construction started in 1897; the line was inspected in March 1900 and opened to the public on Whit Monday, but after just a month one of the locomotives was destroyed when it derailed and fell down a cliff – the exact cause was never determined, but is believed to have been a stone lodged between the rack rails. The line remained closed until the following season (Easter Monday 1901) while improvements were made.
Characters
Locomotives
The locomotives of the Culdee Fell Railway are all 0-4-2tank locomotives with angled boilers. They have pinion wheels on their driving axles that allow them to climb the steep mountain and prevent slipping. They are also fitted with automatic brakes. At the beginning of Mountain Engines, Awdry describes Culdee thus:[3]
...a queer-looking engine. He had six small wheels and a stove-pipe chimney. His boiler was tilted downwards, and his cylinders were "back to front".
The boilers are inclined to ensure that the boiler tubes and the firebox are always covered by water when on the gradient. This is a standard practice on mountain railways as the locomotive always runs chimney-first up the mountain. The cylinders are mounted towards the cab end of the locomotive (rather than the chimney end, which is more conventional for a steam locomotive), hence Awdry's 'back-to-front' description. The drive to the wheels is through a series of levers that allow the pistons to have a longer stroke than the cranks. This is another common feature in mountain railways.
Engines 1 - 5 were built at the Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works in Winterthur, Switzerland in 1900.[4] Nos 6, 7 and 8 were built after the first batch of locomotives, to a more modern design, and were delivered at 2-monthly intervals in 1962. They are fitted with superheaters to improve their efficiency. In Sodor: Reading between the lines, Christopher Awdry notes that the newer engines superseded Ernest (2) and Wilfred (3), but he does not elaborate on what may have happened to the 2 engines subsequently. Curiously, Christopher also states that nos. 2 and 3 do not appear in the stories, whereas, in fact, they do.[4]
All the locomotives carry a purple livery, lined out in orange.
Unusually for characters in the Railway Series, they carry faces on the back as well as the front. The reason for this is while going up, the coaches keep a look out for the engines since the engines' front faces cannot see. While rolling down the mountain, the engines' front faces are still impaired by the coaches. So the rear faces provide the engines their only way to see where they are going.[4]
The Rev. W. Awdry notes that since the stories in the book, the North Western Railway's Crovan's Gate Works has taken over responsibility for major repairs on the Culdee Fell Railway's engines. Originally, locomotives requiring overhaul were sent to either their manufacturer in Switzerland or an unnamed engineering works in England, both long and expensive journeys.
Even though the engines bear a passing resemblance to the engines on the Snowdon Mountain Railway, Christopher Awdry notes that he doesn't believe his father intended any of the engines to correspond with particular Snowdon Mountain Railway locomotives.[4]
Arrived in 1900 - Derailed and received extensive damage after jumping off the tracks and tumbling down the mountain side. Many parts were salvaged for re-use on other engines, then the remains were scrapped.
Arrived in 1900. Named after the mountain. He provides the role of narrator for the first 2 stories of Mountain Engines, and plays supporting roles in the 3rd and 4th stories.
No.6, Padarn (originally Sir Harmood, renamed in 1928)
Arrived in March 1962 - built to a contemporary 'super-heat' design. A reformed troublemaker after a gallant emergency rescue in high winds. Played major roles in the 3rd and 4th stories.
Arrived in July 1962 - built to a contemporary 'super-heat' design. Plays only a minor part in the stories.
Godred
Godred
The story of Godred (Number 1) is based on the real history of the Snowdon Mountain Railway's locomotive No. 1 L.A.D.A.S. which was destroyed after it derailed on the line's opening day. In the book, the engine Culdee tells the tale of LADAS' fictional counterpart, Godred, in the story "Bad Look-Out". In this story, Godred fell down the mountain about a month after the railway's opening and was subsequently sent to the back of the shed, and eventually scrapped for spare parts. Despite the fact that it is stated at the end of the story that Culdee had made the whole thing up, the books "The Island of Sodor: Its People, History, and Railways", and "Sodor: Reading Between the Lines" show that Godred did indeed exist and met his demise when he fell down the mountain.
According to Culdee, Godred was self-centered and held too much faith in his automatic brakes. Culdee, Godred's crew, and the manager all tried to rectify this, but he never paid attention and paid the price.
The Rev. W. Awdry wanted the story to be as close to what really happened as much as possible, but did not want to distress the readers so he amended the story about Godred's demise by saying it was made up.
Ernest
Ernest (number 2) appears in the story "Danger Points" talking to Culdee and Wilfred.
Wilfred
Wilfred (number 3) first appears telling Culdee of the engines who arrived during his absence, and is later delayed after Lord Harry derails at the summit. He is also seen lecturing Lord Harry about the importance of goods work.
Culdee
Culdee (number 4) is named after Culdee Fell, the mountain his railway climbs. He is a friendly engine, and has plenty of advice to give to the other engines. He was one of the first engines on the line, being built in 1896, and was used in early test runs on the line. He was also one of the last mountain engines on Sodor to travel to Switzerland for an overhaul.
Shane Dooiney
Shane Dooiney (number 5) is an engine on this railway who does not actually appear in The Railway Series, although he is mentioned in "The Island of Sodor: Its People, History and Railways" where he is described as being overhauled in Switzerland during the events of the book "Mountain Engines". He is the last engine to be overhauled away from Sodor, all subsequent locomotive maintenance taking place on the island, at the Crovan's Gate Works.
Lord Harry (number 6) (also called "No. 6" and "Patrick") was known as a rude and ignorant trouble-maker on the Culdee Fell Railway. The fact that he was named after Lord Harry Barrane (the chairman of the Mountain Railway Board) and his ultra-modern superheated design made him conceited and led to a habit of unnecessary risk-taking. He even went far as to call Culdee a "patched-up old ruin". After scaring his coach and derailing at the summit station, blocking both platforms, he was sent to the sheds in disgrace by the manager, Walter Richards. He was stripped of his name and was known only by his number. Passengers refused to trust him and he was reduced to the level of goods engine, transporting hotel supplies and ferrying railway gangers to and from work. After rescuing an injured climber at the mountain summit by pushing the Truck up "Devil's Back" in a severe gale, he was regarded as a hero and renamed Patrick after the injured climber.
Alaric
Alaric (number 7) is mentioned in a conversation between Culdee, Wilfred and Ernest in "Danger Points". He is built to a "super-heat" design, and has a designated passenger coach.
He is mentioned for being particularly quiet and polite to the other engines.
Eric
Eric (number 8) is mentioned in a conversation between Culdee, Wilfred and Ernest in "Danger Points". He is built to a "super-heat" design.
Like Alaric, he is also rather polite and quiet. He also has his own coach.
Rolling stock
On the Culdee Fell Railway, a train is formed from one coach and one locomotive. The coach is pushed up the mountain, not coupled to the engine, for safety reasons. The Culdee Fell Railway has 9 56-seater 'saloon' passenger coaches,[4] each of which normally works with a particular locomotive. Catherine is the only coach named in the stories:[4] she operates with Culdee. She looks out for Culdee on the way up the mountain, as he cannot see ahead. She is safety-conscious, and Lord Harry upset her with his risk-taking when he worked with her while Culdee was away being overhauled.
The railway also has 2 maintenance wagons, although only one appears in the stories, known as "The Truck".[2] They are used for goods and maintenance duties and for stores and rescue trains. The Truck is described as the only rolling stock capable of crossing Devil's Back ridge during a gale. For these trains, The Truck is loaded with sandbags and her tank is filled with water to increase her weight. Although she is not allocated to any specific engine, there was a period when she worked exclusively with Lord Harry when the Manager took that engine off passenger trains.
Human characters
Two people are named in the book: Lord Harry Barrane is the Chairman of the railway, and Mr. Walter Richards is its Manager. In the TV series, Mr. Peregrine Percival is the controller.
This is a small station approximately 8 miles (13km) from Kirk Machan. It is near the village of Poll-ny-Chrink, and is on the road from the Skarloey Slate Mines to Peel Godred and Cregwiz (the railway crosses the road shortly after the station). The station is based on Rocky Valley Halt on the Snowdon Mountain Railway.[5]
Devil's Back
This is a station approximately 10.5 miles (16.9km) from Kirk Machan. It is halfway along the Devil's Back ridge, a high exposed ridge which the railway runs along. Devil's Back is based on Clogwyn station, which is on the Clogwyn ridge, on the Snowdon Mountain Railway.[5]
Culdee Fell Summit
Culdee Fell Summit station, is the terminus of the railway, and is approximately 12.5 miles (20.1km) away from Kirk Machan. It is at the summit of the Culdee Fell mountain, at an elevation of 2,046 feet (624m).[5]. It often known simply as Summit station although the illustration on page 41 if Mountain Engines shows the station name as Culdee Fell [station].[6]
Merchandising
Despite having never appeared in the Thomas & Friends television series, certain Culdee Fell Railway characters have nevertheless been included in commercial merchandising lines based on the series.[7] The models have been made the same size as the standard gauge characters in the ranges, and hence are made to a completely different scale.
Commercial models of Culdee Fell Railway characters
Culdee, The Truck, Catherine (The Truck and Catherine being sold exclusively together in a 2- pack)
Culdee has three versions. First was introduced in 1996 and discontinued in 2000. The second version was introduced in 2005 with the apple orchard cars and discontinued in 2008. Third version introduced in 2015. Catherine and the Truck were introduced in 1999 and discontinued in 2002. However, she was available in the Lift and Load Set until 2009.
The Snowdon Mountain Railway is a narrow gauge rack and pinion mountain railway in Gwynedd, north-west Wales. It is a tourist railway that travels for 4.7 miles (7.6 km) from Llanberis to the summit of Snowdon, the highest peak in Wales.
Wilbert Vere Awdry, OBE was an English Anglican cleric, railway enthusiast, and children's author. Better known as the Reverend W. Awdry, he was the creator of Thomas the Tank Engine, the central figure in his Railway Series.
Percy the Small Engine is a fictional anthropomorphic steam tank engine from The Railway Series of children's books written by the Reverend Wilbert Vere Awdry and his son, Christopher Awdry. He also appears in the spin-off television series Thomas & Friends.
Edward the Blue Engine is an anthropomorphic steam locomotive from The Railway Series children's books by the Rev W. Awdry, and the related TV Series Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends. He is a blue 4-4-0 tender engine with red lining out, about the same size as James the Red Engine, and has the number 2 on his tender. Like James and Henry, he is a mixed traffic engine, meaning that he is designed to pull both freight and passenger services. He is one of the principal characters in both the books and the television series.
The Railway Series is a set of British story books about a railway system located on the fictional Island of Sodor. There are 42 books in the series, the first being published in 1945. Twenty-six were written by the Rev. Wilbert Awdry, up to 1972. A further 16 were written by his son, Christopher Awdry; 14 between 1983 and 1996, and two more in 2007 and 2011.
Toby the Tram Engine is a fictional anthropomorphic tram engine in The Railway Series by the Reverend Wilbert Vere Awdry and his son, Christopher; he also appears in the spin-off television series Thomas & Friends. Toby, a tram engine with cowcatchers and sideplates, carries the North Western Railway running number seven and works on the same Ffarquhar Branch Line as Thomas the Tank Engine.
Skarloey is a fictional narrow gauge tank locomotive from the Railway Series by the Reverend W. Awdry. He is one of the oldest engines on the Island of Sodor. Skarloey lives and works on the Skarloey Railway as Engine No.1.
Rheneas is a fictional narrow gauge tank locomotive from the Railway Series by the Reverend W. Awdry and its television adaptation Thomas & Friends. He is one of the oldest engines on the Island of Sodor. Rheneas lives and works on the Skarloey Railway as engine No.2, and is known as the "Gallant Old Engine" because he saved the railway from closure. He is Skarloey's brother.
Sir Handel is a fictional steam locomotive from The Railway Series children's books by the Rev. W. Awdry and its spin-off TV series, Thomas & Friends. Sir Handel lives and works on the Skarloey Railway on the Island of Sodor as Engine No.3. Sir Handel is named after the owner of the Skarloey Railway, Sir Handel Brown.
The Skarloey Railway is a fictional narrow gauge railway on the Island of Sodor. It appeared in 8 books of The Railway Series, by Rev. W. Awdry and Christopher Awdry, and in 99 episodes of the Television adaptation of The Railway Series, Thomas & Friends.
Peter Sam is a fictional narrow gauge steam locomotive character in The Railway Series children's books by the Rev. W. Awdry and the spin-off TV series Thomas and Friends. Peter Sam lives and works on the Skarloey Railway on the Island of Sodor as engine No. 4.
Rusty is a fictional narrow gauge diesel locomotive character in Wilbert Awdry's Railway Series books and in the accompanying television series Thomas & Friends. Rusty lives and works on the Skarloey Railway on the Island of Sodor as Engine No. 5.
Sodor is a fictional island featured as the setting for The Railway Series books by the Rev. Wilbert Awdry, begun in 1945, and for the popular television series Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends since 1984. It is depicted as being located in the Irish Sea, just off the English mainland near Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria.
The North Western Railway is the main railway company featured in The Railway Series, a series of fictional books by the Rev. W. Awdry and Christopher Awdry, and in the television series Thomas and Friends, by Britt Allcroft. Although the company's name has never been specifically stated in the books, it was mentioned as such in tie-in books such as The Island of Sodor: Its People, History and Railways by Awdry, and also on some maps that were drawn to accompany the Railway Series.
The Mid Sodor Railway was a fictional narrow gauge railway on the Island of Sodor in The Railway Series books by the Rev. W. Awdry and Christopher Awdry. The railway was closed in 1947, but three of its engines survive on the Skarloey Railway. Part of its route is now occupied by the Arlesdale Railway.
Thomas the Tank Engine is an anthropomorphised fictional steam locomotive in The Railway Series books by the Reverend Wilbert Awdry and his son, Christopher, published from 1945. He became the most popular and famous character in the series, and is the titular protagonist in the accompanying television spin-off series Thomas & Friends.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
