Cymbula adansonii

Last updated

Cymbula adansonii
Naturalis Biodiversity Center - ZMA.MOLL.95673 - Cymbula adansonii (Dunker, 1853) - Patellidae - Mollusc shell.jpeg
Cymbula adansonii shell
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Patellogastropoda
Family: Patellidae
Genus: Cymbula
Species:
C. adansonii
Binomial name
Cymbula adansonii
(Dunker, 1853)

Cymbula adansonii is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Patellidae. It is one of the several families of true limpets. [1] Marine gastropods, colloquially classified as snails and slugs, encompass the entire class of invertebrates in the Mollusca phylum. True limpets, are pelagic snails within the Patellidae family.

Contents

Description

Cymbula adansonii is a species of true limpet grouped under the family of Patellidae, from the marine gastropod phylum. Limpets from the Patellidae family are classified into four clades: Helcion, Cymbula, Scutellastra, and Patella. The Cymbula genus originally emerged in Southern Africa. It shares a sister relationship with the Helcion genus. Cymbula adansonii is one out of eight Cymbula subspecies. [2] The Cymbula genus originally emerged in Southern Africa. Cymbula adansonii was first discovered in 1853 by German zoologist Wilhelm Dunker. It is naturally endemic to the Atlantic Ocean, specifically on the southwestern coast of Africa.

Distribution

Cymbula adansonii commonly inhabit intertidal regions of shores. Their habitat zones are located near the western coastline of Namibia, Angola, and South Africa. [3] Geographic information was documented by Wilhelm Dunker in the coastal cities of Swakopmund and Langstrand. The presence of nutrient-rich upwelling across the western regions of Africa is a main factor behind this species’ distribution. As a result of this the western coast has a greater proportion of productivity in comparison to the continent's other coastlines. [4]

Anatomy and morphology

The body of Cymbula adansonii consists of a central apex with a concentric outer crossed-foliated shell layer. Each shell has repeating layers that connect with each other and share a common center. Shells of Patellidae gastropods have various levels of finely detailed structure with multiple layers on each respective species’ shell. The number of shell layers vary from four to six and are classified in regards to the myostracum. [5] Shell layers are numbered m+3, m+2, m+1, m, m-1, and m-2, starting from the edge of the shell moving inwards to the center. The orientation of Cymbula adansonii's inner (m+1) shell layer is radial while its width is narrow. Cymbula adansonii has a cross-foliated center (m-2) shell layer composed of calcium carbonate. Cymbula adansonii has a set of radula that are not visible from its back side. Cymbula adansonii obtain nourishment through a three-part system involving the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Its teeth are small, mineralized, and arranged in a V-like form. Cymbula adansonii has a small rachidian tooth, which is the middle row of teeth in a gastropod’s set of radula. [6] It has a pluricuspid tooth in its radula, meaning it has several sets of cusps on one tooth. The cusps are composed of the mineral goethite and the gemstone opal.

Reproductive biology

Similar to other members of the Patellogastropoda clade, Cymbula adansonii employ aquasperm [7] in order to reproduce. The aquasperm consists of a head, mid-piece, and tail. Cymbula adansonii thickens the head and base section of its aquasperm. [8]

Feeding

Species from the Patellidae family like Cymbula adansonii are grazers who utilize their radula to scoop out and consume food particles and detritus. [9] [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gastropoda</span> Class of molluscs

Gastropods, commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Archaeogastropoda</span> Order of gastropods

Archaeogastropoda was a taxonomic order of sea snails used in older classifications of gastropods, i.e. snails and slugs. Archeogastropoda are marine prosobranch gastropod mollusks, mainly herbivores, typically having two gills and a double-chambered heart, with the eggs and sperm discharged directly into the water. They were traditionally regarded as a relatively primitive group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Limpet</span> Group of snails

Limpets are a group of aquatic snails with a conical shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. This general category of conical shell is known as "patelliform" (dish-shaped). Existing within the class Gastropoda, limpets are a polyphyletic group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patellogastropoda</span> Clade of gastropods

The Patellogastropoda, common name true limpets and historically called the Docoglossa, are members of a major phylogenetic group of marine gastropods, treated by experts either as a clade or as a taxonomic order.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fissurellidae</span> Family of limpet-like sea snails

Fissurellidae, common name the keyhole limpets and slit limpets, is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patellidae</span> Family of gastropods

Patellidae is a taxonomic family of true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Patelloidea. (The superfamily Patelloidea should not be confused with the similar-sounding genus of true limpets Patelloida which is in the family Lottiidae within the superfamily Lottioidea, also part of the Patellogastropoda.)

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lottiidae</span> Family of gastropods

Lottiidae is a family of sea snails, specifically true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Lottioidea and the clade Patellogastropoda.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neolepetopsidae</span> Family of gastropods

Neolepetopsidae is a family of small deep sea sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the subclass Patellogastropoda.

<i>Patella vulgata</i> Species of gastropod

Patella vulgata, common name the common limpet or common European limpet is a species of sea snail. It is a typical true limpet; a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Patellidae, with gills. This species occurs in the waters of Western Europe.

<i>Cymbula granatina</i> Species of gastropod

Cymbula granatina, the granite limpet, is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Patellidae, one of the families of true limpets. Unlike some other species of giant limpet, C. granatina is non-territorial, and feeds on a variety of different algae.

<i>Helcion concolor</i> Species of gastropod

Helcion concolor, common name the variable limpet, is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Patellidae, one of the families of true limpets.

<i>Patella lugubris</i> Species of gastropod

Patella lugubris is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Patellidae, one of the families of true limpets.

Scutellastra natalensis is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Patellidae, one of the families of true limpets.

<i>Scutellastra aphanes</i> Species of gastropod

Scutellastra aphanes is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Patellidae, one of the families of true limpets. It is endemic to South Africa.

<i>Scutellastra argenvillei</i> Large species of limpet endemic to the south and west coasts of southern Africa

Scutellastra argenvillei or Argenville's limpet, is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Patellidae, one of the families of true limpets.

<i>Scutellastra flexuosa</i> Species of gastropod

Scutellastra flexuosa is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Patellidae, one of the families of true limpets.

<i>Scutellastra kermadecensis</i> Species of gastropod

Scutellastra kermadecensis is a species of true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Patellidae. It is endemic to the Kermadec Islands.

<i>Cymbula</i> Genus of gastropods

Cymbula is a genus of sea snails, the true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Patellidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emarginulinae</span> Subfamily of limpet-like sea snails

The subfamily Emarginulinae, common name keyhole limpets and slit limpets, is a taxonomic subfamily of limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.

Cymbula sanguinans, the giant pinkray limpet, is a species of giant limpet, a marine mollusc in the family Patellidae. It is native to the coast of South Africa. At one time thought to be a subspecies of Cymbula miniata, molecular analysis has shown C. sanguinans warrants being treated as a full species, despite there being no obvious morphological differences between the two. This makes difficult the task of deciding which of the previous research studies refer to C. sanguinans, and which refer to C. miniata.

References

  1. Cymbula adansonii (Dunker, 1853) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 8 April 2010.
  2. Ridgway, S. A.; Reid, D. G.; Taylor, J. D.; Branch, G. M.; Hodgson, A. N. (29 October 1998). "A cladistic phylogeny of the family Patellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1375): 1645–1671. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0316. PMC   1692379 .
  3. NAKANO, T. (1 February 2004). "Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Limpets of the Order Patellogastropoda Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequences". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 70 (1): 31–41. doi: 10.1093/mollus/70.1.31 .
  4. Vat, Laura Suzanne (2000). "THE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF PATELLA GRANULARIS (MOLLUSCA: PATELLOGASTROPODA) ON THE SOUTH- EAST COAST OF SOUTH AFRICA" (PDF). Rhodes University.
  5. Ridgway, S. A.; Reid, D. G.; Taylor, J. D.; Branch, G. M.; Hodgson, A. N. (29 October 1998). "A cladistic phylogeny of the family Patellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1375): 1645–1671. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0316. PMC   1692379 .
  6. Ridgway, S. A.; Reid, D. G.; Taylor, J. D.; Branch, G. M.; Hodgson, A. N. (29 October 1998). "A cladistic phylogeny of the family Patellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1375): 1645–1671. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0316. PMC   1692379 .
  7. "aquasperm - Wiktionary". en.wiktionary.org. 5 December 2020.
  8. Ridgway, S. A.; Reid, D. G.; Taylor, J. D.; Branch, G. M.; Hodgson, A. N. (29 October 1998). "A cladistic phylogeny of the family Patellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1375): 1645–1671. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0316. PMC   1692379 .
  9. Mmonwa, Kolobe (September 2013). "Molecular phylogeny, phylogeography and evolutionary adaptation of foraging behaviour amongst sympatric patellid limpets along the southern African shoreline" (PDF). Rhodes University.
  10. Ridgway, S. A.; Reid, D. G.; Taylor, J. D.; Branch, G. M.; Hodgson, A. N. (29 October 1998). "A cladistic phylogeny of the family Patellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1375): 1645–1671. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0316. PMC   1692379 .