DAZ1

DAZ1
Identifiers
Aliases	DAZ1 , DAZ, SPGY, deleted in azoospermia 1
External IDs	OMIM: 400003 HomoloGene: 88435 GeneCards: DAZ1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Y chromosome (human)
End	23,199,010 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	fundus; ; body of stomach; ; skin of abdomen; ; Achilles tendon; ; Right lobe of liver; ; Ganglionic eminence; ; hypothalamus; ; duodenum; ; placenta; ; kidney;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	translation activator activity ; GO:0001948 protein binding ; RNA binding ; nucleic acid binding ; mRNA binding ; mRNA 3'-UTR binding ;
Cellular component	nucleus ; cytoplasm ; intracellular anatomical structure ; protein-containing complex ;
Biological process	multicellular organism development ; cell differentiation ; positive regulation of translational initiation ; spermatogenesis ; 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization ; germ cell development ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1617
	n/a
	ENSG00000188120
	n/a
	Q9NQZ3
	n/a
	NM_004081 ; NM_001388496
	n/a
	NP_004072
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Last updated June 14, 2022

Deleted in azoospermia 1, also known as DAZ1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DAZ1 gene.^[3]^[4]

Function

This gene is a member of the DAZ gene family and is a candidate for the human Y-chromosomal azoospermia factor (AZF). Its expression is restricted to pre-meiotic germ cells, particularly in spermatogonia. It encodes an RNA-binding protein that is important for spermatogenesis. Four copies of this gene are found on chromosome Y within palindromic duplications; one pair of genes is part of the P2 palindrome and the second pair is part of the P1 palindrome. Each gene contains a 2.4 kb repeat including a 72-bp exon, called the DAZ repeat; the number of DAZ repeats is variable and there are several variations in the sequence of the DAZ repeat. Each copy of the gene also contains a 10.8 kb region that may be amplified; this region includes five exons that encode an RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain. This gene contains three copies of the 10.8 kb repeat. However, no transcripts containing three copies of the RRM domain have been described; thus the RefSeq for this gene contains only two RRM domains.^[3]

Interactions

DAZ1 has been shown to interact with DAZAP2,^[5] DAZL ^[5]^[6] and DAZ associated protein 1.^[5]

Related Research Articles

David C. Page is an American biologist and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the director of the Whitehead Institute, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) investigator. He is best known for his work on mapping the Y-chromosome and on its evolution in mammals and expression during development. He was cited by Bryan Sykes in Adam's Curse: A Future Without Men.

Y linkage, also known as holandric inheritance, describes traits that are produced by genes located on the Y chromosome. It is a form of sex linkage.

Azoospermia is the medical condition of a man whose semen contains no sperm. It is associated with male infertility, but many forms are amenable to medical treatment. In humans, azoospermia affects about 1% of the male population and may be seen in up to 20% of male infertility situations in Canada.

Y chromosome microdeletion(YCM) is a family of genetic disorders caused by missing genes in the Y chromosome. Many men with YCM exhibit no symptoms and lead normal lives. It is present in a significant number of men with reduced fertility. Reduced sperm production varies from oligozoospermia, significant lack of sperm, or azoospermia, complete lack of sperm.

Azoospermia factor (AZF) is one of several proteins or their genes, which are coded from the AZF region on the human male Y chromosome. Deletions in this region are associated with inability to produce sperm. Subregions within the AZF region are AZFa, AZFb and AZFc. AZF microdeletions are one of the major causes of male infertility for azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia males. AZF is the term used by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee.

Deleted in azoospermia-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAZL gene.

Ubiquitin specific peptidase 9, Y-linked , also known as USP9Y, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the USP9Y gene. It is required for sperm production. This enzyme is a member of the peptidase C19 family and is similar to ubiquitin-specific proteases, which cleave the ubiquitin moiety from ubiquitin-fused precursors and ubiquitinylated proteins.

Deleted in azoospermia protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAZ3 gene.

Deleted in azoospermia protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAZ2 gene.

DAZ-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAZAP1 gene.

Pumilio homolog 2 is an RNA-binding protein that in humans is encoded by the PUM2 gene.

40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS4Y1 gene.

RNA-binding motif protein, Y chromosome, family 1 member A1/C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBMY1A1 gene.

Testis-specific chromodomain protein Y 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDY1 gene.

Synaptonemal complex protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYCP3 gene. It is a component of the synaptonemal complex formed between homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis.

Protein boule-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BOLL gene.

DAZ-associated protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAZAP2 gene.

Zinc finger protein DZIP1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DZIP1 gene.

The DAZprotein family is a group of three highly conserved RNA-binding proteins that are important in gametogenesis and meiosis. Therefore, mutations in the genes that encode for the DAZ proteins can have detrimental consequences for fertility.

Renee Reijo Pera is a stem cell biologist and the President of the McLaughlin Research Institute in Great Falls, MT. She previously served as Vice President of Research and Economic Development, for more than 8 years at the California Polytechnic State University and at Montana State University. Reijo Pera's research focuses on human development and disease, in particular, on the development and differentiation of somatic and germ cell lineages and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and also infertility in men and women.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000188120 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: DAZ1 deleted in azoospermia 1".
↑ Reijo R, Lee TY, Salo P, Alagappan R, Brown LG, Rosenberg M, Rozen S, Jaffe T, Straus D, Hovatta O (Aug 1995). "Diverse spermatogenic defects in humans caused by Y chromosome deletions encompassing a novel RNA-binding protein gene". Nature Genetics. 10 (4): 383–93. doi:10.1038/ng0895-383. PMID 7670487. S2CID 2917750.
1 2 3 Tsui S, Dai T, Roettger S, Schempp W, Salido EC, Yen PH (May 2000). "Identification of two novel proteins that interact with germ-cell-specific RNA-binding proteins DAZ and DAZL1". Genomics. 65 (3): 266–73. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6169. PMID 10857750.
↑ Ruggiu M, Cooke HJ (Jul 2000). "In vivo and in vitro analysis of homodimerisation activity of the mouse Dazl1 protein". Gene. 252 (1–2): 119–26. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00219-5. PMID 10903443.

Foresta C, Ferlin A, Moro E, Marin P, Rossi A, Scandellari C (2002). "[Microdeletion of chromosome Y in male infertility: role of the DAZ gene]". Annali Italiani di Medicina Interna. 16 (2): 82–92. PMID 11688365.
Fox MS, Reijo Pera RA (Nov 2001). "Male infertility, genetic analysis of the DAZ genes on the human Y chromosome and genetic analysis of DNA repair". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 184 (1–2): 41–9. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00646-3. PMID 11694340. S2CID 54277826.
Vogt PH, Fernandes S (Jan 2003). "Polymorphic DAZ gene family in polymorphic structure of AZFc locus: Artwork or functional for human spermatogenesis?". APMIS. 111 (1): 115–26, discussion 126–7. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0463.2003.11101161.x. PMID 12752250. S2CID 41326783.
Reijo R, Lee TY, Salo P, Alagappan R, Brown LG, Rosenberg M, Rozen S, Jaffe T, Straus D, Hovatta O (Aug 1995). "Diverse spermatogenic defects in humans caused by Y chromosome deletions encompassing a novel RNA-binding protein gene". Nature Genetics. 10 (4): 383–93. doi:10.1038/ng0895-383. PMID 7670487. S2CID 2917750.
Reijo R, Seligman J, Dinulos MB, Jaffe T, Brown LG, Disteche CM, Page DC (Jul 1996). "Mouse autosomal homolog of DAZ, a candidate male sterility gene in humans, is expressed in male germ cells before and after puberty". Genomics. 35 (2): 346–52. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0366. PMID 8661148.
Cooke HJ, Lee M, Kerr S, Ruggiu M (Apr 1996). "A murine homologue of the human DAZ gene is autosomal and expressed only in male and female gonads". Human Molecular Genetics. 5 (4): 513–6. doi: 10.1093/hmg/5.4.513 . PMID 8845845.
Saxena R, Brown LG, Hawkins T, Alagappan RK, Skaletsky H, Reeve MP, Reijo R, Rozen S, Dinulos MB, Disteche CM, Page DC (Nov 1996). "The DAZ gene cluster on the human Y chromosome arose from an autosomal gene that was transposed, repeatedly amplified and pruned". Nature Genetics. 14 (3): 292–9. doi:10.1038/ng1196-292. PMID 8896558. S2CID 34964224.
Yen PH, Chai NN, Salido EC (Dec 1996). "The human autosomal gene DAZLA: testis specificity and a candidate for male infertility". Human Molecular Genetics. 5 (12): 2013–7. doi: 10.1093/hmg/5.12.2013 . PMID 8968756.
Menke DB, Mutter GL, Page DC (Jan 1997). "Expression of DAZ, an azoospermia factor candidate, in human spermatogonia". American Journal of Human Genetics. 60 (1): 237–41. PMC 1712565 . PMID 8981970.
Yen PH, Chai NN, Salido EC (Oct 1997). "The human DAZ genes, a putative male infertility factor on the Y chromosome, are highly polymorphic in the DAZ repeat regions". Mammalian Genome. 8 (10): 756–9. doi:10.1007/s003359900560. PMID 9321470. S2CID 33258251.
Agulnik AI, Zharkikh A, Boettger-Tong H, Bourgeron T, McElreavey K, Bishop CE (Sep 1998). "Evolution of the DAZ gene family suggests that Y-linked DAZ plays little, or a limited, role in spermatogenesis but underlines a recent African origin for human populations". Human Molecular Genetics. 7 (9): 1371–7. doi: 10.1093/hmg/7.9.1371 . PMID 9700189.
Tsui S, Dai T, Roettger S, Schempp W, Salido EC, Yen PH (May 2000). "Identification of two novel proteins that interact with germ-cell-specific RNA-binding proteins DAZ and DAZL1". Genomics. 65 (3): 266–73. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6169. PMID 10857750.
Ruggiu M, Cooke HJ (Jul 2000). "In vivo and in vitro analysis of homodimerisation activity of the mouse Dazl1 protein". Gene. 252 (1–2): 119–26. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00219-5. PMID 10903443.
Saxena R, de Vries JW, Repping S, Alagappan RK, Skaletsky H, Brown LG, Ma P, Chen E, Hoovers JM, Page DC (Aug 2000). "Four DAZ genes in two clusters found in the AZFc region of the human Y chromosome". Genomics. 67 (3): 256–67. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6260. PMID 10936047.
Reijo RA, Dorfman DM, Slee R, Renshaw AA, Loughlin KR, Cooke H, Page DC (Nov 2000). "DAZ family proteins exist throughout male germ cell development and transit from nucleus to cytoplasm at meiosis in humans and mice". Biology of Reproduction. 63 (5): 1490–6. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod63.5.1490 . PMID 11058556.
Moro E, Ferlin A, Yen PH, Franchi PG, Palka G, Foresta C (Nov 2000). "Male infertility caused by a de novo partial deletion of the DAZ cluster on the Y chromosome". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 85 (11): 4069–73. doi:10.1210/jcem.85.11.6929. PMID 11095434.
Xu EY, Moore FL, Pera RA (Jun 2001). "A gene family required for human germ cell development evolved from an ancient meiotic gene conserved in metazoans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (13): 7414–9. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.7414Y. doi: 10.1073/pnas.131090498 . PMC 34683 . PMID 11390979.
Friel A, Houghton JA, Glennon M, Lavery R, Smith T, Nolan A, Maher M (Feb 2002). "A preliminary report on the implication of RT-PCR detection of DAZ, RBMY1, USP9Y and Protamine-2 mRNA in testicular biopsy samples from azoospermic men". International Journal of Andrology. 25 (1): 59–64. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2605.2002.00326.x . PMID 11869379.

This protein-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000188120 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-3] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: DAZ1 deleted in azoospermia 1".

[pmid7670487-4] Reijo R, Lee TY, Salo P, Alagappan R, Brown LG, Rosenberg M, Rozen S, Jaffe T, Straus D, Hovatta O (Aug 1995). "Diverse spermatogenic defects in humans caused by Y chromosome deletions encompassing a novel RNA-binding protein gene". Nature Genetics. 10 (4): 383–93. doi:10.1038/ng0895-383. PMID 7670487. S2CID 2917750.

[pmid10857750-5] 1 2 3 Tsui S, Dai T, Roettger S, Schempp W, Salido EC, Yen PH (May 2000). "Identification of two novel proteins that interact with germ-cell-specific RNA-binding proteins DAZ and DAZL1". Genomics. 65 (3): 266–73. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6169. PMID 10857750.

[pmid10903443-6] Ruggiu M, Cooke HJ (Jul 2000). "In vivo and in vitro analysis of homodimerisation activity of the mouse Dazl1 protein". Gene. 252 (1–2): 119–26. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00219-5. PMID 10903443.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

DAZ1

Contents

Function

Interactions

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading