Dan Barouch

Last updated
Dan Barouch
Born(1973-02-04)February 4, 1973 [1]
Gottingen, Germany [1]
CitizenshipAmerican
EducationM.D. and Ph.D.
Alma materHarvard and Oxford
Spouse(s)Fina C. Barouch, M.D.
ChildrenSusanna and Natalie
Scientific career
Fields Virology
Institutions Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School, Ragon Institute MIT and Harvard [2]

Dan Hung Barouch is an American physician, immunologist, and virologist. He is known for his work on the pathogenesis and immunology of viral infections and the development of vaccine strategies for global infectious diseases. His research led to the development of vaccine candidates for HIV, Zika, influenza, tuberculosis, monkeypox, and COVID-19, including the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine. [3] [4] [5] [6] He was named the founding director of the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and is a founding member and a steering committee member at the Ragon Institute. [7]

Contents

Barouch is Director of the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center [8] and the William Bosworth Castle Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. [9] He is also affiliated with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery. [10]

Barouch has authored over 400 original peer-reviewed research articles and 50 review articles on infectious diseases, viral pathogenesis, immune responses, and vaccine development. [11] [12] [13] He was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2020 [14] [15] [16] and received the King Faisal Prize in Medicine in 2023 for his work. [17]

Early Life and Education

Barouch grew up in Potsdam, New York, in an academic family with his mother, a biochemist; his father, a professor of mathematics and computer science; and his sister, now a cardiologist. [18]

He attended Harvard College at the age of 16. Barouch received his B.A. in biochemistry from Harvard University summa cum laude at the age of 20 in 1993. In 1995, at the age of 22, he received his Ph.D. in immunology from Oxford University as a Marshall Scholar. [19]

A scholar and a violinist, [20] [19] Barouch's time at Oxford University under the mentorship of Sir Andrew McMichael shaped his interests in virology and immunology. Barouch returned to Boston in 1995 and attended Havard Medical School.

In 1999, he received his M.D. from Harvard Medical School with highest honors summa cum laude. He completed clinical residency training in internal medicine and fellowship training in infectious diseases at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. [21]

In 2002, he established his independent research laboratory at age 29 at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School in Boston. [22]

Personal life

Barouch is married to Fina C. Barouch, M.D., an ophthalmologist and vitreoretinal surgeon. [23] They have two daughters, Susanna and Natalie, and reside in Newton, Massachusetts.

Research and Career

Barouch is a professor of medicine and professor of immunology at Harvard Medical School. [24] In 2012, he was named the founding director of the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. [25] [26] He is also a founding member and a steering committee member at the Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University. [27] [28] He was appointed the William Bosworth Castle Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School in 2020. [29]

HIV research

Barouch started to develop vaccine candidates against HIV and other infectious diseases while in graduate school and medical school. He launched his independent research laboratory at age 29. His early work involved the creation of vaccine platform technologies, including adjuvanted DNA vaccines and novel adenoviral vectors, including Ad26. [20] [30] [31]

In 2000, while still in medical school, Barouch started researching the development of an HIV vaccine. [32] He reported that HIV vaccines reduced viral loads in preclinical studies but that viral escape from immune responses could undermine immune control. [33] In 2002, he published that a candidate HIV vaccine can suppress the virus in preclinical studies for a period of two years. [34] In 2006, he developed adenovirus vaccine vectors that evaded suppression by baseline vector immunity. [35] [36] His research provided the scientific foundation for the Johnson & Johnson HIV vaccine candidate, including the creation of a set of "mosaic" proteins with Bette Korber, which improve immune responses against multiple strains of the virus. [27] [37]

Barouch was promoted to Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School in 2010. Two years later, in 2012, he became the Founding Director of the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. [38]

From 2015 to 2018, Barouch co-led the HIV-V-0004 APPROACH study, testing the mosaic Ad26/Env vaccine in human subjects. [39] This vaccine was then advanced into clinical efficacy trials in Africa, North America, South America, and Europe with the National Institutes of Health, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Janssen, and others. [27] [40]

Barouch has also worked on immunologic strategies to cure HIV infection. [41] In 2016 and 2018, he demonstrated the potential of combining therapeutic vaccines or broadly neutralizing antibodies with immune activators, also known as the "shock and kill" strategy. [42] Barouch has also discussed his research and has commented on the research of others in the media. [43]

Zika research

In 2016, Barouch developed and tested the first Zika vaccines in preclinical studies. [44] [45] These vaccines entered first-in-human trials later that year. [46]

COVID-19 research

In January 2020, at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Barouch began studying the immunology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and developing a COVID-19 vaccine in collaboration with Johnson & Johnson. This vaccine underwent rapid preclinical testing [47] and advanced into initial clinical trials by July 2020. [48] Subsequently, this vaccine was tested in the large international phase 3 efficacy trial ENSEMBLE and showed efficacy in humans. [49] The resulting vaccine, known as the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine, or Ad26.COV2.S, was approved by WHO, FDA, and multiple countries throughout the world and commenced global distribution in February 2021. This vaccine was the third COVID-19 vaccine authorized for use in the United States and the first vaccine deployed in South Africa, as reported in the SISONKE study in healthcare workers. [50] The utilization of this vaccine was lower than the mRNA vaccines in the western world, but it was deployed extensively in the developing world, given its efficacy, durability, and stability without freezing, with over 200 million doses distributed and has been credited with saving nearly 1 million lives in 2021. [51] [52]

Barouch's research also involved studying the immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the immunogenicity and durability of mRNA vaccines and boosters, and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immune escape and vaccine efficacy. He also defined immune correlates of protection for COVID-19 vaccines. In February 2021, Barouch co-authored a paper on how a certain level of COVID-19 antibodies may provide lasting protection against the virus. [53] [54] In 2021 and 2022, he also co-authored papers exploring how COVID-19 antibodies protect based on blood samples provided by 4300 employees of SpaceX, together with CEO Elon Musk. [55]

Throughout the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines and boosters in the United States, Barouch reported the immune kinetics and durability induced by mRNA and Ad26 vaccines and the impact of viral variants in evading antibody responses while preserving T cell responses. [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] In 2022, he reported that the bivalent ancestral+BA.5 mRNA boosters were limited by immune imprinting to the ancestral strain, which contributed to the FDA decision in 2023 to remove the ancestral strain for the XBB.1.5 mRNA booster. [61] In 2023, Barouch served as part of a panel of experts advising the Biden administration on the potential risk of another Omicron-like wave of COVID-19. [62] In 2024, he demonstrated the importance of mucosal immunity for improving vaccine protection against COVID-19. [63] [64]

Societies and awards

In 2009, Barouch was elected to the American Society for Clinical Investigation. [65]

In 2013, he became a member of the Association of American Physicians. [21]

In 2016, Barouch was named honorary researcher at the centre de Recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal [66] and was named a Bostonian of the Year by the Boston Globe Magazine . [44]

In 2017, Barouch was named the Investigator of the Year by the Massachusetts Society for Medical Research and received the Drexel Prize in Immunology from the Drexel University College of Medicine.[ citation needed ]

In 2019, Barouch received the Best Academic Research Team Vaccine Industry Excellence Award at the World Vaccine Congress. [21]

In 2020 he was elected to the National Academy of Medicine.

In 2021, he was awarded the George Ledlie Prize for his work towards the creation of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, [67] and was awarded the Bostonians of the Year Award by The Boston Globe. [68]

In 2023, he was jointly awarded the 2023 King Faisal Prize for Medicine with vaccinologist Sarah Gilbert. [69] [1]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seroconversion</span> Development of specific antibodies in the blood serum as a result of infection or immunization

In immunology, seroconversion is the development of specific antibodies in the blood serum as a result of infection or immunization, including vaccination. During infection or immunization, antigens enter the blood, and the immune system begins to produce antibodies in response. Before seroconversion, the antigen itself may or may not be detectable, but the antibody is absent. During seroconversion, the antibody is present but not yet detectable. After seroconversion, the antibody is detectable by standard techniques and remains detectable unless the individual seroreverts, in a phenomenon called seroreversion, or loss of antibody detectability, which can occur due to weakening of the immune system or decreasing antibody concentrations over time. Seroconversion refers the production of specific antibodies against specific antigens, meaning that a single infection could cause multiple waves of seroconversion against different antigens. Similarly, a single antigen could cause multiple waves of seroconversion with different classes of antibodies. For example, most antigens prompt seroconversion for the IgM class of antibodies first, and subsequently the IgG class.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antibody-dependent enhancement</span> Antibodies rarely making an infection worse instead of better

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Thumbi Ndung’u is a Kenyan-born HIV/AIDS researcher. He is the deputy director (Science) and a Max Planck Research Group Leader at the Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI) in Durban, South Africa. He is Professor of Infectious Diseases in the Division of Immunity and Infection, University College London. He is Professor and Victor Daitz Chair in HIV/TB Research and Scientific Director of the HIV Pathogenesis Programme (HPP) at the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal. He holds the South African Research Chair in Systems Biology of HIV/AIDS. He is an adjunct professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. He is the Programme Director of the Sub-Saharan African Network for TB/HIV Research Excellence (SANTHE), a research and capacity building initiative funded by the African Academy of Sciences and the Wellcome Trust.

Peter John Morland Openshaw, is a British clinician and scientist specialising in lung immunology, particularly defence against viral infections. He trained in lung diseases and undertook a PhD in immunology before establishing a laboratory at St Mary's Hospital Medical School. He created the academic department of Respiratory Medicine and the Centre for Respiratory Infection at Imperial College and was elected President of the British Society for Immunology in 2014.

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References

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  2. ↑ "Dan H. Barouch, M.D., Ph.D." 2019-11-04. Retrieved 2024-10-28.
  3. ↑ "Barouch Laboratory – Center for Virology and Vaccine Research (CVVR)". 4 November 2019.
  4. ↑ "Dan Barouch receives Ledlie Prize for vaccine work". 6 August 2021.
  5. ↑ "414 days at work, zero days off: Dan Barouch and the race to develop the Johnson & Johnson vaccine - the Boston Globe". The Boston Globe .
  6. ↑ "Zika Vaccine Development Reveals Differences in Efficacy One Year on | Harvard Magazine". 13 December 2017.
  7. ↑ https://ragoninstitute.org/
  8. ↑ "BIDMC's Dan Barouch, MD, PHD, Director of Vaccine and Virology Research, elected to the National Academy of Medicine".
  9. ↑ "Dan H. Barouch, M.D., Ph.D." 4 November 2019.
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  13. ↑ "ORCID".
  14. ↑ "National Academy of Medicine Elects New Members | Harvard Magazine". 22 October 2020.
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  16. ↑ Lewis, Talia (19 October 2020). "National Academy of Medicine Elects 100 New Members - National Academy of Medicine". National Academy of Medicine.
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  53. ↑ Krouse, Sarah (2021-02-21). "Elon Musk got 4,000 SpaceX workers to join a COVID-19 study. Here's what he learned". Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 2021-02-21– via foxbusiness.com.
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  62. ↑ Klein, Brenda Goodman,Betsy (2023-05-06). "Covid-19 experts say they warned White House about chance of an Omicron-level event within the next two years". CNN. Retrieved 2025-01-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  68. ↑ "2021 Bostonians of the Year". 2021-12-16. Retrieved 2024-10-28.
  69. ↑ "Dan Barouch Awarded King Faisal Prize". Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard. 6 January 2023. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
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