Dan Barouch

Last updated
Dan Barouch
CitizenshipAmerican
EducationM.D. and Ph.D.
Alma materHarvard and Oxford
AwardsDrexel Prize in Immunology
King Faisal Prize (2023)
Scientific career
Fields Virology
Institutions Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Dan Hung Barouch is an American physician, immunologist, and virologist. He is known for his work on the pathogenesis and immunology of viral infections and the development of vaccine strategies for global infectious diseases.

Contents

Education and career

Barouch grew up in Potsdam, New York. His father, a professor of mathematics and computer science, and his mother, a biochemist, [4] laid the foundation for his future scholarly pursuits. He attended Harvard College at the age of 16 and received his BA in biochemistry with highest honors, summa cum laude, at the age of 20 in 1993. He then received a prestigious Marshall Scholarship for graduate studies in the U.K. and earned his PhD in immunology from Oxford University at the age of 22 in 1995. Both a scholar and a violinist,[5] [6] Barouch's time at Oxford, under the mentorship of Sir Andrew McMichael, significantly shaped his interests in virology and immunology. [7] McMichael's work on CD8 T cell responses to influenza and HIV infection influenced Barouch's career trajectory. Barouch then returned to Boston and attended Havard Medical School and received his MD with highest honors, summa cum laude, in 1999. He subsequently completed clinical residency training in Internal Medicine and fellowship training in Infectious Diseases at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital. In 2002, he established his research laboratory at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School in Boston. [1]


HIV research

Barouch started HIV research while he was still in medical school and launched his independent research laboratory at age 29. He has developed several vaccination platforms, including adjuvanted DNA vaccines and adenoviral vectors. [1]

In 2000, Barouch began researching the development of an HIV vaccine. [2] In 2002, he published that a candidate HIV vaccine can suppress virus in preclinical studies for a period of two years. [3] In 2006, he developed a vaccine vector that was not suppressed by preexisting immunity. [4] His research between 2004 and 2019 provided the scientific foundation for the Johnson & Johnson HIV vaccine candidate, including the creation of a set of "mosaic" proteins with Bette Korber, which improve immune responses against multiple strains of the virus. [5] [6] From 2015 to 2018, Barouch co-led the HIV-V-0004 APPROACH study, testing the mosaic Ad26/Env vaccine in human subjects. [7] This vaccine was then advanced into clinical efficacy trials in Africa, North America, South America, and Europe with the National Institutes of Health, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Janssen, and others. [5] [8]

Barouch has also worked on immunologic strategies to cure HIV infection. [9] In 2016 and 2018, he demonstrated the potential of combining therapeutic vaccines or broadly neutralizing antibodies with immune activators, also known as the "shock and kill" strategy. [10] Barouch has also discussed his research and has commented on the research of others in the media. [11]

Zika research

In 2016, Barouch developed and tested the first Zika vaccines in preclinical studies. [12] [13] These vaccines entered first-in-human trials later that year. [14]

COVID-19 research

Barouch's laboratory collaborated with Johnson and Johnson to develop a non-replicating adenovirus COVID-19 vaccine candidate that entered clinical trials in July 2020 and is one of the five major vaccine efforts supported by the US government.[ citation needed ]

In February 2021 Barouch co-authored a paper in Nature Communications on how a certain level of COVID-19 anti-bodies may provide lasting protection against the virus. The paper was based on blood samples provided voluntarily by 4300 employees of SpaceX crediting also its CEO Elon Musk. [15] [16]

Societies and awards

In 2009, Barouch was elected to the American Society for Clinical Investigation. [17] In 2013, he became a member of the Association of American Physicians. [18] In 2016, Barouch was named honorary researcher at the centre de Recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal [19] and was named a Bostonian of the Year by the Boston Globe Magazine . [12] In 2017, Barouch was named the Investigator of the Year by the Massachusetts Society for Medical Research and received the Drexel Prize in Immunology from the Drexel University College of Medicine. In 2019, Barouch received the Best Academic Research Team Vaccine Industry Excellence Award at the World Vaccine Congress. [18]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HIV vaccine development</span> In-progress vaccinations that may prevent or treat HIV infections

An HIV vaccine is a potential vaccine that could be either a preventive vaccine or a therapeutic vaccine, which means it would either protect individuals from being infected with HIV or treat HIV-infected individuals.

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases is one of the 27 institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health (NIH), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). NIAID's mission is to conduct basic and applied research to better understand, treat, and prevent infectious, immunologic, and allergic diseases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uganda Virus Research Institute</span>

The Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) is a medical research institute owned by the Uganda government that carries out research on communicable diseases in man and animals, with emphasis on viral transmitted infections. UVRI is a component of Uganda National Health Research Organization (UNHRO), an umbrella organization for health research within Uganda.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antibody-dependent enhancement</span> Antibodies rarely making an infection worse instead of better

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), sometimes less precisely called immune enhancement or disease enhancement, is a phenomenon in which binding of a virus to suboptimal antibodies enhances its entry into host cells, followed by its replication. The suboptimal antibodies can result from natural infection or from vaccination. ADE may cause enhanced respiratory disease, but is not limited to respiratory disease. It has been observed in HIV, RSV virus and Dengue virus and is monitored for in vaccine development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vaccine Research Center</span>

The Vaccine Research Center (VRC), is an intramural division of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The mission of the VRC is to discover and develop both vaccines and antibody-based products that target infectious diseases.

The United States Military HIV Research Program was initiated by the United States Congress in 1986, in reaction to the threat of lost effectiveness of U.S./Allied troops due to HIV infection. The mission of MHRP is to develop an HIV-1 vaccine, provide prevention, care, and treatment, and conduct meaningful HIV/AIDS research for the global community through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). It is centered at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), and has established five international research sites in Africa and Asia. MHRP also partners with the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS) in Thailand. MHRP works closely with The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), most notably in the development of the RV144 HIV vaccine in Thailand. MHRP is the largest research program supported by the HJF.

Thumbi Ndung’u is a Kenyan-born HIV/AIDS researcher. He is the deputy director (Science) and a Max Planck Research Group Leader at the Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI) in Durban, South Africa. He is Professor of Infectious Diseases in the Division of Immunity and Infection, University College London. He is Professor and Victor Daitz Chair in HIV/TB Research and Scientific Director of the HIV Pathogenesis Programme (HPP) at the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal. He holds the South African Research Chair in Systems Biology of HIV/AIDS. He is an Adjunct Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. He is the Programme Director of the Sub-Saharan African Network for TB/HIV Research Excellence (SANTHE), a research and capacity building initiative funded by the African Academy of Sciences and the Wellcome Trust.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HIV/AIDS research</span> Field of immunology research

HIV/AIDS research includes all medical research that attempts to prevent, treat, or cure HIV/AIDS, as well as fundamental research about the nature of HIV as an infectious agent and AIDS as the disease caused by HIV.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salim Abdool Karim</span> South African medical researcher

Salim S. Abdool Karim, MBChB, MMed, MS(Epi), FFPHM, FFPath (Virol), DipData, PhD, DSc(hc), FRS is a South African public health physician, epidemiologist and virologist who has played a leading role in the AIDS and COVID-19 pandemic. His scientific contributions have impacted the landscape of HIV prevention and treatment, saving thousands of lives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Akiko Iwasaki</span> Immunobiologist

Akiko Iwasaki is a Sterling Professor of Immunobiology and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology at Yale University. She is also a principal investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Her research interests include innate immunity, autophagy, inflammasomes, sexually transmitted infections, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, respiratory virus infections, influenza infection, T cell immunity, commensal bacteria, COVID-19, and long COVID.

Gary J. Nabel is an American virologist and immunologist who is President and chief executive officer of ModeX Therapeutics in Natick, Massachusetts. He was the founding director of Vaccine Research Center at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

A Zika virus vaccine is designed to prevent the symptoms and complications of Zika virus infection in humans. As Zika virus infection of pregnant women may result in congenital defects in the newborn, the vaccine will attempt to protect against congenital Zika syndrome during the current or any future outbreak. As of April 2019, no vaccines have been approved for clinical use, however a number of vaccines are currently in clinical trials. The goal of a Zika virus vaccine is to produce specific antibodies against the Zika virus to prevent infection and severe disease. The challenges in developing a safe and effective vaccine include limiting side effects such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, a potential consequence of Zika virus infection. Additionally, as dengue virus is closely related to Zika virus, the vaccine needs to minimize the possibility of antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrew McMichael</span>

Sir Andrew James McMichael, is an immunologist, Professor of Molecular Medicine, and previously Director of the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Oxford. He is particularly known for his work on T cell responses to viral infections such as influenza and HIV.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bette Korber</span> American computational biologist

Bette Korber is an American computational biologist focusing on the molecular biology and population genetics of the HIV virus that causes infection and eventually AIDS. She has contributed heavily to efforts to obtain an effective HIV vaccine. She created a database at Los Alamos National Laboratory that has enabled her to design novel mosaic HIV vaccines, one of which is currently in human testing in Africa. The database contains thousands of HIV genome sequences and related data.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nelson Michael</span> American infectious disease researcher

Nelson L. Michael is an American infectious disease researcher. He has served for nearly 30 years in the United States Army and been directly involved with significant advancements in understanding the pathology of and vaccine development for diseases like HIV, Zika, Ebola and more. Much of his career has been spent at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hanneke Schuitemaker</span> Dutch virologist and researcher (born 1964)

Hanneke Schuitemaker is a Dutch virologist, the Global Head of Viral Vaccine Discovery and Translational Medicine at Johnson & Johnson's Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, and a Professor of Virology at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers of the University of Amsterdam. She has been involved in the development of Janssen's Ebola vaccine and is involved in the development of a universal flu vaccine, HIV vaccine, RSV vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine.

Marylyn Martina Addo is a German infectiologist who is a Professor and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Head of Infectious Disease at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. Addo has developed and tested vaccinations that protect people from Ebola virus disease and the MERS coronavirus EMC/2012. She is currently developing a viral vector based COVID-19 vaccine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viral vector vaccine</span> Type of vaccine

A viral vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a viral vector to deliver genetic material (DNA) that can be transcribed by the recipient's host cells as mRNA coding for a desired protein, or antigen, to elicit an immune response. As of April 2021, six viral vector vaccines, four COVID-19 vaccines and two Ebola vaccines, have been authorized for use in humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John R. Mascola</span> American Physician-Scientist

John R. Mascola is an American physician-scientist, immunologist and infectious disease specialist. He was the director of the Vaccine Research Center (VRC), part of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH). He also served as a principal advisor to Anthony Fauci, director of NIAID, on vaccines and biomedical research affairs. Mascola is the current Chief Scientific Officer for ModeX Therapeutics.

References

  1. ↑ Quick, Dr Jonathan D.; Fryer, Bronwyn (January 30, 2018). The End of Epidemics: The Looming Threat to Humanity and How to Stop It. St. Martin's Publishing Group. ISBN   9781250117786 – via Google Books.
  2. ↑ Singhal, Arvind; Rogers, Everett M.; Rogers, Dr Everett M. (October 3, 2003). Combating AIDS: Communication Strategies in Action. SAGE. ISBN   9780761997283 – via Google Books.
  3. ↑ "HIV Plus". Plus. Here Publishing: 11. ISSN   1522-3086 . Retrieved 2019-10-03.
  4. ↑ "The Finding". The Scientist. 2008. p. 63.
  5. 1 2 "HIV Vaccine Takes Big Step | Harvard Medical School". hms.harvard.edu.
  6. ↑ Assunção, Muri. "Johnson & Johnson to start testing on new type of HIV vaccine in U.S. and Europe". nydailynews.com.
  7. ↑ Karim, Quarraisha Abdool; Karim, Salim S. Abdool; Baxter, Cheryl (January 20, 2017). The CAPRISA Clinical Trials: HIV Treatment and Prevention. Springer. ISBN   9783319475189 – via Google Books.
  8. ↑ Mega, Emiliano Rodríguez (July 31, 2019). "'Mosaic' HIV vaccine to be tested in thousands of people across the world". Nature. 572 (7768): 165–166. Bibcode:2019Natur.572..165M. doi: 10.1038/d41586-019-02319-8 . PMID   31388154.
  9. ↑ "World's second man cleared of AIDS virus invigorates quest for cure". Reuters. March 6, 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
  10. ↑ "Monkeys reveal new clues toward elusive HIV vaccine and cure". Science | AAAS. March 9, 2018.
  11. ↑ "Promising HIV vaccine to be tested with gay men and trans people". aidsmap. Retrieved 2019-10-03.
  12. 1 2 "Dan Barouch and Jim Collins: The researchers racing to stop Zika - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com.
  13. ↑ Mukherjee, Siddhartha (August 15, 2016). "The Race for a Zika Vaccine" – via www.newyorker.com.
  14. ↑ Knapton, Sarah (August 4, 2016). "Zika vaccine gives complete protection and is ready for human trials, say scientists". The Telegraph– via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  15. ↑ Krouse, Sarah (2021-02-21). "Elon Musk got 4,000 SpaceX workers to join a COVID-19 study. Here's what he learned". Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 2021-02-21– via foxbusiness.com.
  16. ↑ Bartsch, Yannic C.; Fischinger, Stephanie; Siddiqui, Sameed M.; Chen, Zhilin; Yu, Jingyou; Gebre, Makda; Atyeo, Caroline; Gorman, Matthew J.; Zhu, Alex Lee; Kang, Jaewon; Burke, John S.; Slein, Matthew; Gluck, Matthew J.; Beger, Samuel; Hu, Yiyuan; Rhee, Justin; Petersen, Eric; Mormann, Benjamin; de St Aubin, Michael; Hasdianda, Mohammad A.; Jambaulikar, Guruprasad; Boyer, Edward W.; Sabeti, Pardis C.; Barouch, Dan H.; Julg, Boris D.; Musk, Elon R.; Menon, Anil S.; Lauffenburger, Douglas A.; Nilles, Eric J.; Alter, Galit (2021-02-15). "Discrete SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers track with functional humoral stability". Nature Communications . 12 (1): 1018. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.1018B. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21336-8 . PMC   7884400 . PMID   33589636.
  17. ↑ "The American Society for Clinical Investigation".
  18. 1 2 "biography". Center for Virology and Vaccine Research. Archived from the original on 2019-10-03. Retrieved 2019-10-03.
  19. ↑ "Barouch, Dan H. | CHUM". www.chumontreal.qc.ca.
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