'''Bottom''':[[Battle of Bogesund|Death of Sten Sture the Younger]],February 3,1520\n}}"},"date":{"wt":"1512 –1520"},"place":{"wt":"[[Kingdom of Sweden (800–1521)|Sweden]]"},"result":{"wt":"Danish victory"},"territory":{"wt":"Sweden reincorporated into the [[Kalmar Union]]"},"combatant1":{"wt":"{{Tree list}}\n*{{flagicon|Kalmar Union}}[[Kalmar Union]]\n**{{flagicon|Denmark}}[[Denmark]]\n{{Tree list end}}"},"combatant2":{"wt":"{{flagicon|Sweden}}[[Sweden]]"},"commander1":{"wt":"[[Christian II of Denmark|Christian II]]
[[Sören Norby]]
[[Otte Krumpen]]"},"commander2":{"wt":"[[Sten Sture the Younger]]{{DOW}}
[[Christina Gyllenstierna]]{{Surrender}}"},"strength1":{"wt":"Unknown"},"strength2":{"wt":"Unknown"},"casualties1":{"wt":"Unknown"},"casualties2":{"wt":"Unknown"},"notes":{"wt":""},"campaignbox":{"wt":"{{Campaignbox Dano-Swedish Wars}}"}},"i":0}}]}" id="mwBA">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}
Dano-Swedish War (1512–1520) | |||||||||
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Part of Union wars of the sixteenth century | |||||||||
| |||||||||
Belligerents | |||||||||
Sweden | |||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Christian II Sören Norby Otte Krumpen | Sten Sture the Younger (DOW) Christina Gyllenstierna | ||||||||
Strength | |||||||||
Unknown | Unknown | ||||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||||
Unknown | Unknown |
The Dano-Swedish War (1512–1520), is the name of the conflict that lasted 1512–1520 and was part of the Union Wars at the time of the Kalmar Union. The war was between the opponents of the union and the Danish king Hans, later his son Christian II, and ended in 1520 after Sten Sture the Younger died as a result of injuries at Battle of Bogesund and Christian II marched into Stockholm in September of the same year.
When Svante Nilsson died in 1512, the 19-year-old son Sten Sture the younger took over the Reichsverweser. However, the pro-Danish Riksråd had elected Erik Trolle as Rikspreneur in January but was forced to withdraw that decision because Sten Sture the Younger than already had the common people on his side and controlled the most important strongholds. [1]
At the beginning of the year 1512, a formal state of war prevailed, but military activity was low. On April 23, 1512, a Treaty of Malmö (1512) was concluded, which was to last until midsummer in 1513. The truce was later extended until midsummer in 1514. The Swedes were faced with two options either choose the Danish king to the king also in Sweden, or pay an annual tribute to Denmark. None of the alternatives appealed to the Swedes, which is why the issue was delayed, including through a meeting on 29 July 1515. [2]
On February 20, 1513, the Danish king Hans died and was succeeded by his son Christian. [2] Christian had already been elected heir to the throne in Sweden in 1497. [3]
The Danes grew tired of the Swedes' procrastination and in the spring of 1516 began preparing armor for an attack. The attack was to be coordinated with an action against Sten Sture, initiated by his political opponent Archbishop Gustav Trolle, his father Erik Trolle, Sten Kristiernsson and Nils Bosson. The Swedish campaign aimed to put Christian II on the Swedish throne. [2] Opposition leader Gustav Trolle's father Erik Arvidsson had been elected by the Riksdag to be Rikspresenter after Svante Nilsson's death, but the election had thwarted by Sten Sture. [3] This had secured the loyalty of the bailiffs in his father's largest fataburslän Stockholm, Turku, Västerås and Borgholm and tried to confiscate the collected tax. [4] The election of the head of state was postponed until after the peace negotiations with Denmark, in exchange for the board being left to a council committee and for Sten Sture to waive the tax. [5]
In May 1517, the Danish fleet set sail from Copenhagen towards Stockholm. During the journey, Västervik and Stegeholm were attacked, whereby the city was sacked and burned down. Söderköping fire assessment and devastation took place along the Småland and Östergötland coasts. [6] The Danish fleet arrived in Stockholm on 3 August and disembarked at Gärdet. Sten Sture's cavalry met the Danes at Vädla, which resulted in a Swedish victory. The Danish fleet then set sail. [6]
At a national meeting in Stockholm in November, it was decided that Gustav Trolle would be deposed as archbishop and that Almarestäket, which was held by Trolle, would be demolished. It was on this occasion that the bishop of Linköping, Hans Brask, put a note under his seal, the so-called brasklapen. [6] After the deposition as archbishop, Gustav Trolle obtained a papal bull against Sten Sture and the bishop of Roskilde excommunicated him, after persuasion by Christian II. [7]
At the beginning of 1518, Sten Sture sent troops to Västergötland, which were to attack the Danes. The Danes managed to avoid battle through negotiations. [6]
On June 6, Christian II set sail with a new army for Stockholm, where they arrived at midsummer. They set up a camp on Brunkebergsåsen, but later moved to Södermalm, where it was easier to defend themselves, but where they could also bombard Stockholm with cannons. Two Danish storming attempts were repulsed, after which Sten Sture decided to attack Christian II's troops from the south. At the end of July there was the battle of Brännkyrka, which was won by the Swedes, however with losses of around 1,600 people. [8]
The Danes retreated to Södermalm, where they were besieged. After six weeks, food shortages caused Christian II to set sail to obtain provisions, but during their attempts to stock up they were attacked by Sten Sture's forces. [9]
Negotiations began at the end of August. Christian II expressed wishes for a personal conversation with Sten Sture in Österhaninge church. As security, a hostage was exchanged from both sides. From the Swedish side, Hemming Gadh, Gustav Eriksson Vasa, Lars Sparre, Jöran Sparre, Olof Ryning and Bengt Nilsson. No conversation took place and the Danes set sail in early October with the Swedish hostage on board. [10]
In January 1519, Christian II's troops entered Västergötland. As revenge, Erik Abrahamsson marched towards northern Halland and Bohuslän. During the summer, battles took place in southern Sweden, among other things Sören Norby attacked Öland and captured Borgholm Castle. A Swedish attempt to retake Borgholm failed, as did the attempt to take Älvsborg. [10]
A strong Danish attack took place in January 1520. From Helsingborg, Danish troops broke into Småland and then moved on towards Östergötland. When news of the Danish attack reached Sten Sture, he marched towards Västergötland, where a defense of Bogesund on lake Åsunden was being prepared. [10]
On January 19, the Danes attacked Sten Sture's positions at the Battle of Bogesund, whereupon Sten Sture was hit by a projectile and fell badly wounded from his horse. After that, the Swedish army was quickly disbanded due to a lack of leadership. On 3 February Sten Sture died as a result of his injuries. [11] The Danish troops advanced further into Västergötland and Bogesund, Falköping, Skövde and Skara were burned. [7]
On March 6, negotiations took place between Otto Krumpen and the Swedish National Council in Uppsala, which resulted in the council swearing allegiance to Christian II. [11]
The Swedish peasant armies continued the battles against the Danes, among other things the Danish siege force was attacked at Västerås Castle and on March 29, 1520, the battle at Badelundaåsen took place east of Västerås. [11] On April 6, Uppsala was attacked by a large peasant force, which was reinforced by people from Stockholm. After initial successes for the peasants, the battle ended with a Danish victory. [11]
Christian II started negotiations with the Hanseatic League which supplied Stockholm with provisions, and got it to refrain from helping Sten Sture's followers and stop calling on Stockholm. [12] In May 1520, Christian II came to Stockholm, who was defended by Sten Sture's widow Kristina Nilsdotter. A siege was launched, but it was fruitless. Only after Hemming Gadh went over to the Danish side and began capitulation negotiations with Kristina Nilsdotter on September 2, was Christian II able to march into Stockholm on September 7, 1520. [13]
Two months later, the Stockholm Bloodbath occurred, whereby 80 opponents of King Christian were executed. In December, the first rebellions against King Christian took place and in 1521 the War of Liberation began. [14]
The Kalmar Union was a personal union in Scandinavia, agreed at Kalmar in Sweden as designed by Queen Margaret of Denmark. From 1397 to 1523, it joined under a single monarch the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, together with Norway's overseas colonies.
The Stockholm Bloodbath was a trial that led to a series of executions in Stockholm between 7 and 9 November 1520. The event is also known as the Stockholm massacre.
Gustav I, commonly known as Gustav Vasa, was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560, previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm (Riksföreståndare) from 1521, during the ongoing Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Gustav rose to lead the Swedish War of Liberation following the Stockholm Bloodbath, where his father was executed. Gustav's election as king on 6 June 1523 and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union.
Christian II was a Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union who reigned as King of Denmark and Norway, from 1513 until 1523, and Sweden from 1520 until 1521. From 1513 to 1523, he was concurrently Duke of Schleswig and Holstein in joint rule with his uncle Frederick.
Sten Sture the Younger, was a Swedish nobleman who served as the regent of Sweden, during the era of the Kalmar Union.
Sten Sture the Elder was a Swedish statesman and regent of Sweden from 1470 to 1497 and again from 1501 to 1503. As the leader of the victorious Swedish separatist forces against the royal unionist forces during the Battle of Brunkeberg in 1471, he weakened the Kalmar Union considerably and became the effective ruler of Sweden as Lord Regent for most of his remaining life.
Sture was a name borne by three distinct but interrelated noble families in Sweden in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Period. It was originally a nickname, meaning 'haughty, proud', but later became a surname. Particularly famous are the three regents from these families who ruled Sweden in succession during the fifty-year period between 1470 and 1520, namely:
Christina Nilsdotter Gyllenstierna of Fogelvik was a Swedish noblewoman. She was married to the Swedish regent Sten Sture the Younger, and led the Swedish resistance against Christian II of Denmark after the death of her spouse. In her own lifetime she was simply referred to as Fru Kristina, but she has become known in history as Kristina Gyllenstierna because of the house of nobility to which she belonged.
The Swedish War of Liberation, also known as Gustav Vasa's Rebellion and the Swedish War of Secession, was a significant historical event in Sweden. Gustav Vasa, a nobleman, led a rebellion and civil war against King Christian II. The war resulted in the deposition of King Christian II from the throne of Sweden, effectively ending the Kalmar Union that had united Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. This conflict played a crucial role in shaping Sweden's national identity and history.
Gustav Eriksson Trolle was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, in two sessions, during the turbulent Reformation events.
The Northern Seven Years' War was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and a coalition of Denmark–Norway, Lübeck, and Poland–Lithuania between 1563 and 1570. The war was motivated by the dissatisfaction of King Frederick II of Denmark with the dissolution of the Kalmar Union, and the will of King Eric XIV of Sweden to break Denmark's dominating position. The fighting continued until both armies had been exhausted, and many men died. The resulting Treaty of Stettin was a stalemate, with neither party gaining any new territory.
The Battle of Bogesund was an important conflict in the campaign of Christian II to gain power over Sweden. In 1520, Christian's army of mercenaries had landed in Sweden, seeking to consolidate Christian's powers over Sweden within the Kalmar Union and to unseat the rebellious Swedish viceroy Sten Sture the Younger. On the ice of lake Åsunden near Bogesund, Christian's army led by Otte Krumpen was intercepted by a force led by Sten Sture.
Arvid Birgersson, Lord of Bergkvara was a Swedish magnate and politician in the last decades of Middle Ages. He was justiciar of Östergötland and then of Tiohärad, as well as a Lord High Councillor of Sweden, and once a candidate for Regent. His family coat of arms depict a headless troll whereby some have retrospectively called him Arvid Trolle.
Nils Stensson Sture, born 1512, was the eldest son and heir of Sten Sture the Younger. The so-called Daljunkern, the young leader of an unsuccessful rebellion against Gustav Vasa, claimed to be Nils Sture, and it is a much-discussed question in Swedish historiography whether they really were the same person or if Daljunkern was an impostor.
The Reformation in Sweden is generally regarded as having begun in 1527 during the reign of King Gustav I of Sweden, but the process was slow and was not definitively decided until the Uppsala Synod of 1593, in the wake of an attempted Counter-Reformation during the reign of John III (1568–1592).
The Battle of Brännkyrka took place on 27 July 1518 in Sweden, during a Swedish uprising against the Danish dominance in Kalmar Union, between Danish forces and Swedish rebel troops. The battle resulted in decisive Swedish victory.
The Dano-Swedish War from 1501 to 1512 was a military conflict between Denmark and Sweden within the Kalmar Union.
Events from the year 1520 in Sweden.
The Siege of Stockholm (1520) was a combined naval and army siege of the Swedish capital Stockholm by the Danish king Christian II during the Dano-Swedish War (1512-1520).
The Battle of Uppsala also called the Battle of Good Friday was a bloody battle between the Danish mercenary army and a Swedish peasant army in Uppsala during the Dano-Swedish War (1512-1520). It was the bloodiest battle in the Dano-Swedish, with casualties amounting in the thousands.