Dartmouth Butterwalk

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Dartmouth Butterwalk
2018 gb-dartmouth 150718 03.jpg
"Dartmouth's pride" - The Butterwalk in 2010
Dartmouth Butterwalk
Type Arcade
Location Dartmouth
Coordinates 50°21′07″N3°34′43″W / 50.3519°N 3.5786°W / 50.3519; -3.5786
Formed1635-40
Original use Merchants' shops and houses
Restored1950s after bomb damage during World War II
Current useMuseum / shops
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameNo. 6, The Butterwalk, Duke Street
Designated14 September 1949
Reference no.1197516
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameNo. 8, The Butterwalk, Duke Street
Designated14 September 1949
Reference no.1197517
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameNo. 10, The Butterwalk, Duke Street
Designated14 September 1949
Reference no.1197518
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameNo. 12, The Butterwalk, Duke Street
Designated14 September 1949
Reference no.1197519
Devon UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Location of Dartmouth Butterwalk in Devon

The Butterwalk, in Dartmouth, Devon, England, is a row of four merchants' houses and shops dating from the 1630s. Historic England describes the arcade as "one of the finest rows of merchants' houses dating from the first half of the 17th century anywhere in England". [1] Each of the four houses in the row is designated a Grade I listed building.

Contents

History

Historic England gives 1635–1640 as the construction dates for the arcade, drawing on datestones set into the buildings. [1] The architectural historian Bridget Cherry, in her Devon volume of the Pevsner Buildings of England series, revised and reissued in 2004, gives a slightly earlier date of commencement of 1628 and notes that the row was built on reclaimed land on the bank of the River Dart. [2] The development began as a partnership between two local burghers, William Gurney and Mark Hawkins, the latter of whom served as receiver of Dartmouth, and was part of a wider undertaking that saw the construction of the New Quay on the Dart. In 1635, Gurney sold out to Hawkins who had completed the row by 1640, at a total cost of some £2,500. [3]

In 1943, during World War II, the Butterwalk was severely damaged by German bombing. Restoration was undertaken in David Nye & Partners in the 1950s. [a] [5] No. 6 now houses the Dartmouth Museum on its upper storey. [3] The museum contains a chamber, The King's Room, named in honour of Charles II, who was entertained to lunch in the Butterwalk in July 1671, after being forced to take shelter at Dartmouth during a storm when he was sailing from Plymouth to London. [6] No. 12, whose upper storey also forms part of the museum, contains an important ceiling depicting the Tree of Jesse, which is thought to be the only such depiction undertaken in plaster. [b] [7]

Architecture and description

The Butterwalk is of three storeys with attics above. The first storey has a large jetty which extends over the street frontage and is supported by eleven granite piers. [8] The upper storeys are faced with elaborate wood carvings. [8] Cherry describes the arcade as "Dartmouth's pride", and notes the "sumptuous standard" of the buildings' interiors. [2] Historic England considers the arcade as "one of the finest rows of merchants' houses dating from the first half of the 17th century anywhere in England". [1] Each of the four houses in the row is designated a Grade I listed building. [3] [5] [4] [8]

Notes

  1. The Butterwalk originally had a further house at its eastern end, fronted by two more pillars on the ground-floor arcade, but this was not reconstructed in the post-war restoration. [4]
  2. The Jesse ceiling was badly damaged during the bombing in World War II and was reconstructed using original fragments which were recovered following the air raids. [7]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 "The Butterwalk, Dartmouth, Devon". Historic England . Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  2. 1 2 Cherry & Pevsner 2004, pp. 326–327.
  3. 1 2 3 Historic England. "No. 6, The Butterwalk, Duke Street (Grade I) (1197516)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  4. 1 2 Historic England. "No. 10, The Butterwalk, Duke Street (Grade I) (1197518)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  5. 1 2 Historic England. "No. 8, The Butterwalk, Duke Street (Grade I) (1197517)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  6. "The King's Room". Dartmouth Museum . Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  7. 1 2 "The Jesse Room". Dartmouth Museum . Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  8. 1 2 3 Historic England. "No. 12, The Butterwalk, Duke Street (Grade I) (1197519)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 9 November 2024.

Sources