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Serbian language uses either all-numeric form of dates in the little-endian date-monthyear order, or the same order in which numerical month is replaced with its literal name. The dot is used as a separator, followed by space and matches the convention of pronouncing month, day and year as ordinal numbers (31. 12. 2006.). Note that dot is placed after the year as well. The space is, however, optional, as dates could be written and without the space (for example 31.12.2006.).
Years can be written either with four or two digits, and in the latter case, century is usually replaced with an apostrophe (31. 12. ’06.). Leading zero is rarely used, and in those cases which are considered bad practice, only with months (however it is also optional for the days) (6. 05. 2006.). When literal names of the months are used they are not capitalized, and the four-digit format for the year is always used (31. decembar 2006.). Yet another alternative is to use Roman numerals to indicate the month. In this case a dot is omitted (31. XII 2006.).
Day of the week always precedes the date (nedelja, 31. 12. 2006), is separated by comma, but can be abbreviated to the first three letters, which are then capitalized (NED, 31. 12. '06.) – note that in that case, the shortest date format is used. Starting day of the week is Monday, and the weekend falls on Saturday and Sunday.
Weeks are rarely referred to by their order in the year, although they are always printed in large format calendars, typically the number of a week in the month is used (third week in March, instead of week 12).
One of the most common errors while typing the date with the full month name is the capitalization of the month after the dot after the day of the month, usually caused by typing the date with a word processor such as Microsoft Word.
The 24-hour clock is almost exclusively used in writing, while spoken language is dominated by the 12-hour clock, usually without noting whether the hour is AM or PM – that information is derived from the context. However, when time of the day needs to be emphasized, many descriptive alternatives exist, since AM/PM are not known to Serbian language:
Note that certain periods overlap, and are given roughly, since this colloquial use of the language is not regulated and is mostly customary. Literal names for midnight (ponoć) and noon (podne) are often used instead of numerical "12 o'clock".
In written Serbian, time is expressed by the 24-hour notation, using dot as a separator[ citation needed ]. Incorrect use of colon has its fair share, mostly influenced by international time notation[ citation needed ]. However, some official documents use the comma for the separator.
In spoken language, when one is telling the time between full and half hour (i.e. 14.00-14.29), a reference is made to the past full hour. Once the half hour has passed (14.30-14.59), two variants can be used – one referring to the previous, and another to the following full hour. Latter variant is more frequently used.
| Hour | Common reading | Alternative | Rare alternative using quarters |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14.00 | dva [sata] (two [hours (o'clock)]) | dva [sata] posle podne (two [hours (o'clock)] afternoon) | |
| 14.05 | dva i pet (two and five) | ||
| 14.10 | dva i deset (two and ten) | ||
| 14.15 | dva i petnaest (two and fifteen) | dva i četvrt (two and quarter) | |
| 14.20 | dva i dvadeset (two and twenty) | deset do pola tri (ten to half three) | |
| 14.25 | dva i dvadeset pet (two and twenty five) | pet do pola tri (five to half three) | |
| 14.30 | pola tri (half three) | dva i trideset (two and thirty) | |
| 14.35 | dvadeset pet do tri (twenty five to three) | dva i trideset pet (two and thirty five) | |
| 14.40 | dvadeset do tri (twenty to three) | dva i četrdeset (two and forty) | |
| 14.45 | petnaest do tri (fifteen to three) | dva i četrdeset pet (two and forty five) | četvrt do tri (quarter to three) |
| 14.50 | deset do tri (ten to three) | dva i pedeset (two and fifty) | |
| 14.55 | pet do tri (five to three) | dva i pedeset pet (two and fifty five) | |
| 15.00 | tri [sata] (three [hours(o'clock)] ) | tri [sata] posle podne (three [hours (o'clock)] afternoon) |
In very formal speech, designations "hours" and "minutes" are added, while reference is made only to the previous hour, i.e. 14.45 would be dva sata i četrdeset pet minuta (two hours and forty five minutes), or sometimes even in 24-hour format, četrnaest časova i četrdeset pet minuta (fourteen hours and forty five minutes). Note that among the two words for "hour", sat is common used for 1 to 12 range and čas for 0 and 13 to 24, but there are no official rules.
Also, when speaking about the present hour in the second half of the hour, the following hour is sometimes omitted from the phrase in colloquial speech, i.e. in reference to 14.45 instead of saying petnaest do tri (fifteen to three), one could say just petnaest do (fifteen to).
Leading zeroes for hours are optional, but are very common in automated output and sometimes in written time. However, Windows' region and language configuration for both Serbian variations (Cyrillic and Latin) omits the leading zero for hours and days and months in the date.
A calendar date is a reference to a particular day represented within a calendar system. The calendar date allows the specific day to be identified. The number of days between two dates may be calculated. For example, "25 May 2024" is ten days after "15 May 2024". The date of a particular event depends on the observed time zone. For example, the air attack on Pearl Harbor that began at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian time on 7 December 1941 took place at 3:18 a.m. Japan Standard Time, 8 December in Japan.
ISO 8601 is an international standard covering the worldwide exchange and communication of date and time-related data. It is maintained by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and was first published in 1988, with updates in 1991, 2000, 2004, and 2019, and an amendment in 2022. The standard provides a well-defined, unambiguous method of representing calendar dates and times in worldwide communications, especially to avoid misinterpreting numeric dates and times when such data is transferred between countries with different conventions for writing numeric dates and times.
The semicolon; is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas.
The 12-hour clock is a time convention in which the 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods: a.m. and p.m.. Each period consists of 12 hours numbered: 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11. The 12-hour clock has been developed since the second millennium BC and reached its modern form in the 16th century.
The modern 24-hour clock is the convention of timekeeping in which the day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 hours. This is indicated by the hours passed since midnight, from 00(:00) to 23(:59), with 24(:00) as an option to indicate the end of the day. This system, as opposed to the 12-hour clock, is the most commonly used time notation in the world today, and is used by the international standard ISO 8601.
Different conventions exist around the world for date and time representation, both written and spoken.
The full stop, period, or full point. is a punctuation mark used for several purposes, most often to mark the end of a declarative sentence.
Date and time notation in Canada combines conventions from the United Kingdom, conventions from the United States, and conventions from France, often creating confusion. The Government of Canada specifies the ISO 8601 format for all-numeric dates. It recommends writing the time using the 24-hour clock (04:34) for maximum clarity in both Canadian English and Canadian French, but also allows the 12-hour clock (4:34 a.m.) in English.
Date and time notation in the United States differs from that used in nearly all other countries. It is inherited from one historical branch of conventions from the United Kingdom. American styles of notation have also influenced customs of date notation in Canada, creating confusion in international commerce.
France most commonly records the date using the day-month-year format with an oblique stroke or slash as the separator with numerical values. The 24-hour clock is used to express time, using the letter h as the separator in between hours and minutes.
Date and time notation in Hungary has several conventions.
In Poland, the official system for representing dates and times follows the international ISO 8601 standard. However, in less official use, other conventions prevail, such as the day-month-year order and several Polish language abbreviations.
Date and time notation in Sweden mostly follows the ISO 8601 standard: dates are generally written in the form YYYY-MM-DD. Although this format may be abbreviated in a number of ways, almost all Swedish date notations state the month between the year and the day. Months are not capitalised when written. The week number may also be used in writing and in speech. Times are generally written using 24-hour clock notation, with full stops as separators, although 12-hour clock notation is more frequently used in speech.
The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and (CENELEC) adopted ISO 8601 with EN 28601, now EN ISO 8601. As a European Norm, CEN and CENELEC member states are obligated to adopt the standard as national standard without alterations as well.
Date and time notation in Japan has historically followed the Japanese calendar and the nengō system of counting years. At the beginning of the Meiji period, Japan switched to the Gregorian calendar on Wednesday, 1 January 1873, but for much domestic and regional government paperwork, the Japanese year is retained. Japanese people and businesses have also adopted various conventions in accordance with their use of kanji, the widespread use of passenger trains, and other aspects of daily life.
Date and time notation in Italy records the date using the day–month–year format. The time is written using the 24-hour clock (06:28); in spoken language and informal contexts the 12-hour clock is more commonly adopted, but without using "a.m." or "p.m." suffixes (6:28).
This article is about date and time notation in Mongolia.
Date and time notation in Vietnam describes methods of expressing date and time used in Vietnam.