Dead End (band)

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Dead End
Dead End2.jpg
Dead End circa late 1987, from left to right:
Minato, Joe, Morrie, You.
Background information
Origin Tokyo, Japan
Genres
Years active1984–1990, 2009–2015
Labels
Past members Motoyuki "Morrie" Ōtsuka
Tadashi "Crazy Cool Joe" Masumoto
Takahiro Kagawa
Masaaki Tano
Yuji "You" Adachi
Masafumi Minato
Website dead-end.jp

Dead End (stylized as DEAD END) was a Japanese heavy metal/hard rock band formed in Tokyo in late 1984. Following the release of their debut album Dead Line in 1986, the classic lineup of vocalist Morrie, bassist Crazy Cool Joe, guitarist You and drummer Minato was solidified in May 1987. They released three more studio albums and were one of few Japanese metal bands to have international exposure in the United States during the eighties, [1] before dissolving in 1990.

Contents

Dead End reunited in 2009 after almost two decades and released the album Metamorphosis. Although he recorded the drums for the album, Minato declined to participate in the reunion beyond that. The remaining three members of the band continued to tour and record until 2015. Main composer You died unexpectedly in June 2020, and Morrie and Joe expressed doubt on having any future activity as Dead End as a result.

Although they achieved only limited commercial success in their homeland, Dead End had a significant impact on its rock scene, influencing numerous musicians in, or related to, the developing visual kei scene in the 1990s. Specifically, Morrie who inspired the visual appearance and rough vocal style of many prominent singers.

History

1984–1990: Formation to disbandment

"The name Dead End to us implied that we will be the last of something. Nothing like us would come after us, really the end, definitive."

 —Morrie, on the band's name. [2]

Dead End was formed in December 1984 by singer Morrie and guitarist Takahiro, both previously in the band Liar, bassist Crazy Cool Joe coming from the band Rajas, and drummer Tano from Terra Rosa. [3] They had their first show in March 1985, at the Osaka Bourbon House in front of almost 500 people.

In 1986, they went on a nationwide tour called Dademonium Break Tour '86 Vol.1, after which guitarist Takahiro left and was replaced by You from Terra Rosa. In June they released their first records, the singles "Replica" and "Worst Song" on the independent label Night Gallery. [3] Followed by their debut album Dead Line on June 30, [3] which sold 20,000 copies, a rare achievement for a "house" band not yet signed to a major label. [3] To commemorate the release of the album, the band played the Osaka Bourbon House again, and this time had a crowd of 800 people.

In 1987, drummer Tano left the band due to poor health, just before Dead End signed to major label Victor Invitation. [3] He was replaced by Masafumi Minato from Saber Tiger after an audition held in May, completing the "classic" lineup that remained until their disbandment. [3] On September 8 the band released their most successful album Ghost of Romance, which reached No.14 on the Oricon chart. [4] At the end of the year Dead End signed with the American label Metal Blade Records for releases of Ghost of Romance and their next album. Ghost of Romance was released in December, and although it didn't enter the charts, it received a very good review in Kerrang! magazine. [5]

On May 21, 1988 Dead End released their third album Shambara, followed by their first major single "Blue Vices" in December. [4] That same month Psychoscape, a live video recording from their concert on September 24 at Shibuya Public Hall, was released. Shambara was released in the United States on September 1, and like the previous album it did not chart but received good reviews. [4] [6] Though music videos of "Danse Macabre" and "Blue Vices" were airing on MTV's Headbangers Ball television program, [2] and their songs had decent airplay on rock radio stations, [5] Morrie notes that "it just happened" and he "was not conscious of the US at that time." [2]

The year 1989 started off with the band signing to major label BMG Victor, and they soon went to London, England to write songs and record video material until May. [7] At this time their style changed, with the music being softer than their previous releases. [7] On July 9 they held a concert in Shinjuku called Standing Convention Gig, where many new songs were played, that same month their second major single "So Sweet So Lonely" was released . [7] On September 21 they released their fourth album Zero, in October they went on a live club tour and in mid-November a concert hall tour. [7] It was this year when they started getting major exposure and promotion on TV. At the year's end they released their second live video Hyperd., which was recorded at their concert at Hibiya Open-Air Concert Hall.

After a concert at Nakano Sun Plaza on January 21, 1990, Minato left the band. [7] Morrie and You then both began work on solo albums, but there was never any official announcement of Dead End disbanding. [7] On April 21, the non-album single "Good Morning Satellite" was released, and on July 21 a self-titled live album recorded at their last concert was released. [7]

2009–2020: Reunion and You's death

On July 3, 2009, after almost 20 years, Dead End announced they would reunite on August 15 at Jack in the Box 2009 Summer at Makuhari Messe. [8] [9] On October 1, a new album titled Metamorphosis was announced for release on November 11 by Danger Crue Records. [10] Also released was a remastered release of Dead Line (also available in a limited edition including a DVD from a concert in January 1987 at Osaka Manichi Hall), [11] SHM-CD releases of Ghost of Romance and Shambara, and reissues of Zero and Dead End on Blu-spec CDs in December, all with bonus tracks. [11] They went on to perform sold-out concerts on November 17 at Osaka Big Cat and November 20 at Shibuya-AX, which Minato chose not to participate in. [12] [13] He later ceased to take part in the reunion altogether, with Shinya Yamada (Luna Sea) being support drummer before Kei Yamazaki (Venomstrip) took over the role. [14]

On March 20, 2010, Dead End performed on the second day of the Rock May Kan venue's 30 anniversary concert Legend of Rock May Kan at JCB Hall, along with D'erlanger and 44 Magnum. [15] Two days later, they performed at the concert Third Devour at Namba Hatch in Osaka, the third in a concert series called Four Wizards Night-Crawling, joined by Gastunk, Pay Money to My Pain and Cocobat. [16] In August, they performed at Rock in Japan Festival 2010 in Hitachi Seaside Park and Jack in the Box Summer 2010. [17] [18]

In 2011, from January 22 to February 8 Dead End supported Acid Black Cherry on a Zepp tour. [19] On August 8 they hosted a charity concert titled Fourth Devour at Shibuya O-East, where Pay Money to My Pain, Lynch. and Dead End themselves performed. All proceeds were donated to the victims of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. [20] In October they held a three-date tour called Death Ace 2011, [21] with the final concert at Shibuya O-West on October 13 being broadcast live worldwide via Ustream. [22] [23] On October 23, they performed at the V-Rock Festival '11 held at Saitama Super Arena. [24] On November 9, Dead End released their first single in over twenty years, "Conception", the first in a three-month series of consecutive releases. [25] The second "Final Feast" was released on December 14, with the third "Yume Oni Uta" out on January 11, 2012. [26] On the day of the third single's release, Dead End announced that their sixth studio album Dream Demon Analyzer would be released in March, and that the band will go on a nationwide tour, which ended on May 2 at Akasaka Blitz. [27] Yamazaki performed drums on the record. On September 16, the band held a concert titled Kaosmoscape at Shibuya Public Hall to celebrate the 25th anniversary of their major label debut. [28] A live video recording of the concert was released on December 12, 2012. [28]

A tribute album to the band, titled Dead End Tribute - Song of Lunatics -, was released on September 4, 2013. It features many well-known artists, including Kiyoharu and Hitoki of Kuroyume, Hyde and Tetsuya of L'Arc-en-Ciel, Sugizo, Ryuichi and Shinya of Luna Sea, Yasu with Janne Da Arc members, Baki of Gastunk, Marty Friedman, members from Dir En Grey, La'cryma Christi, Versailles, Boris and many more. [29] [30] [31] [32] The album charted well, reaching No. 10 on Billboard Japan and No. 11 on Oricon. [33] In 2014, Dead End performed abroad for the first time at Japan Music Fest on July 6 at the Olympia in Paris, France. [34] The following year, they performed at the first night of Luna Sea's Lunatic Fest on June 28, 2015 and went on their own Witch Hunt Tour 2015. [35]

Inactive for a few years, Morrie said that Dead End activities depended on You, and the guitarist admitted in 2019 that this was the case. [36] In March 2019, You said that he wanted to make an acoustic solo album before working on Dead End. [36] When this album was released in March 2020, You stated that Dead End would restart, and that he would be spending the next three months writing songs for the band. [37] However, Dead End announced on June 19, 2020 that You had died from sepsis on June 16, aged 56. [38] [39] Although Joe performs with Minato in the band D runkard Ball, in 2023, he and Morrie both expressed doubt on Dead End having any future activity. [40]

2020–present

Dead End's song "So Sweet So Lonely" was covered by Sugizo on his 2020 album Love & Tranquility as a tribute to You. [41] Morrie held a concert in You's memory on the first anniversary of his death, where the singer reminisced and talked about his former bandmate in addition to performing. [42] A memorial concert for You was also held at Spotify O-East on June 16, 2022, and included a Dead End session featuring Morrie, Sugizo, Hiro and Sakito on guitars, Fire on bass, and Takeo Shimoda on drums. [43] On September 7, 2022, Morrie released Ballad D, a "self-cover" album of Dead End songs, featuring Sugizo, Sakito and Heather Paauwe, that was also dedicated to You. [44] It includes a new music video for "Serafine". [45]

Music style

Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg
"Danse Macabre"
A hard rock song from the album
Ghost of Romance.
"Serafine"
A song from the album Zero, showing a softer sound.
Problems playing these files? See media help.

Dead End, both in local and in Western media, was seen as a non-typical metal band whose music is hard to categorize. [4] [5] Allmusic author Eduardo Rivadavia, wrote that they're a "prototypical Japanese melodic heavy metal band", [46] while in the '80s Kerrang! magazine review on Shambara, their music was described as similar to those of the English rock bands The Mission and The Cult, whose music takes cues from hard rock, gothic rock, and post-punk. [4] In the same review, Morrie's vocal style was described as an intermediate between Graham Bonnet and Wayne Hussey. [4] Also in the year before their disbandment Dead End's style changed, with the music being softer in sound and with more mass appeal than their previous releases. [7] Contrary to the media, Morrie does not think of Dead End as a metal band. [2] On the question "If there was one single song that best showcases the soul of Dead End" You said he is fond of some songs, but does not think there is a song that showcases Dead End, while for Morrie it is "Song of a Lunatic", that "is a look into the abyss, the back of my head." [11]

The majority of the band's catalog of music is written by You, followed by Morrie, and then Takahiro, who wrote seven of eight songs on the first album. [3] Morrie is responsible for all the lyrics, which are mostly in Japanese with some English lines (aside English-only "Night Song" and "I Can Hear the Rain"), and contributed three songs on the second, [5] and four (two with the band's producer Hajime Okano) on the fourth album. [7] Joe composed one song in each of the first three albums, and they all showcase the bass. The band usually does not discuss their ideas on sound and style, yet Morrie says, "we individually do what we want to do based on the songs that You creates, even if it destroys the original concept of the song." [2] In regard to band's music and lyrics, Morrie described them as explosive and outward with an incentive kind of a death drive ("Thanatos"), [47] but also "Eros". [48]

Influence

Morrie's way of singing in the early years of Dead End was influenced by Ronnie James Dio, from whom he "learned how to crush the treble pitches", and by Baki of Gastunk, "who influenced him to establish his own style", leading to a combination of clean and distorted vocals. [49] However, he claims his present way of singing and vocal approach is quite different now. [2]

Dead End's music and music skills, lyrics, vocals and visual appearance at the time had a significant impact on the Japanese rock scene, influencing numerous musicians in, or related to, the developing visual kei scene in the late 1980s as well as 1990s. [50] [51] According to Japanese rock journalist, Yuichi Masuda, they thoroughly changed Japanese rock music which bands wouldn't be the same without them, and Dead End's success can be seen in their extraordinary influence on commercially successful successors. [51] However, as Kiyoharu recalls, although the artists were aware of the influence, others in the audience and media mostly weren't until much later while the music industry was hiding it, giving credit for originality to newer bands for sake of better earning. [52] As far back as 1991, Morrie was worried about rising imitation among Japanese rock bands. [53]

The musicians who openly acknowledged the influence includes; Sugizo and Shinya from Luna Sea, [50] [54] Tetsuya and Sakura from L'Arc-en-Ciel, [50] the latter being a roadie for them in the late 1980s, [55] Hiro from La'cryma Christi, [50] Yuana from Kagerou, [50] Hitoki from Kuroyume, [29] and Rikiji (Oblivion Dust) among others. [56] Morrie also inspired the visual appearances and rough vocal styles of Ryuichi from Luna Sea, [57] [52] Hyde from L'Arc-en-Ciel, [29] [52] [58] Yasu from Janne Da Arc and Acid Black Cherry, [50] [52] [58] Kiyoharu from Kuroyume, [52] [58] and Aki from Laputa. [8] [59] Dead End went on to inspire modern bands such as Esprit D'Air, who released a cover of "Serafine" as a single in 2018. [60] Additionally, Yoshiki from X Japan in the 1990s expressed fondness for the style of Dead End's drummer Minato. [61]

Members

Former members
Live support members

Discography

Studio albums
Singles
Live albums
Compilation albums
Tribute album
Concert videos
Music videos
Various artists compilations

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References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pebbles (December 29, 2009). "Interview with DEAD END!". jpopexpress.com. Archived from the original on February 27, 2010. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Masuda, Yuichi (August 4, 2009). "短期集中連載：増田勇一のDEAD END回想録（1）『DEAD LINE』". barks.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Masuda, Yuichi (August 11, 2009). "短期集中連載：増田勇一のDEAD END回想録（3）『SHAMBARA』". barks.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved September 10, 2011.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Masuda, Yuichi (August 7, 2009). "短期集中連載：増田勇一のDEAD END回想録（2）『GHOST OF ROMANCE』". barks.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  6. ↑ Watts, Chris (December 10, 1988). ""Shambara" review". Kerrang! no. 217.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Masuda, Yuichi (August 13, 2009). "短期集中連載：増田勇一のDEAD END回想録（4）『ZERO』". barks.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  8. 1 2 "DEAD END Revival". jame-world.com. Japanese Music Entertainment. July 30, 2009. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
  9. ↑ "伝説のロックバンド・DEAD END、20年ぶりに復活" (in Japanese). Oricon. July 3, 2009. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  10. ↑ "New Dead End Album: METAMORPHOSIS". J-Pop World. October 21, 2009. Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  11. 1 2 3 Andrew (November 10, 2009). "Dead End Interview". J-Pop World. Archived from the original on August 25, 2010. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  12. ↑ Kathy Chee (November 28, 2009). "live report Dead End – Tour 2009 "Metamorphosis"". purpleskymagazine.com. Purple Penguin Productions LLC. Archived from the original on September 5, 2011. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  13. ↑ "「再臨、そして新たなる覚醒」DEAD END、SHIBUYA-AX速報". barks.jp (in Japanese). November 23, 2009. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  14. ↑ "現在・過去・未来をつないだDEAD ENDワンマンライブ". news.livedoor.com (in Japanese). livedoor Co., Ltd. November 25, 2009. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  15. ↑ 【ライブ・レポート】鹿鳴館30周年記念ライブ. port.rittor-music.co.jp (in Japanese). Rittor Music, Inc. April 13, 2010. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  16. ↑ "DEAD ENDとGASTUNKが歴史的激突、さらにP.T.P、COCOBATが伝説を迎え撃つ". barks.jp (in Japanese). February 22, 2010. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  17. ↑ "DEAD END ROCK IN JAPAN FESTIVAL 2010クイックレポート". ro69.jp (in Japanese). Rockin'on . Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  18. ↑ LuCioLe, Yurikoh (August 17, 2010). "JACK IN THE BOX 2010 Live Stream". jame-world.com. Japanese Music Entertainment. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  19. ↑ Yurikoh (November 22, 2010). "Acid Black Cherry to Perform with jealkb and DEAD END". jame-world.com. Japanese Music Entertainment. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  20. ↑ "DEAD END、東日本大震災チャリティーイベント開催". pakila.jp (in Japanese). September 1, 2011. Archived from the original on November 21, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
  21. ↑ "DEAD END、10月に東名阪ツアー「DEATH ACE」実施". Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. August 12, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
  22. ↑ "DEAD END、2年ぶり単独ライブで新曲立て続けに披露". Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. October 16, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  23. ↑ "「DEAD END tour DEATH ACE 2011」レポート！". pakila.jp (in Japanese). October 18, 2011. Archived from the original on April 6, 2012. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  24. ↑ "DEAD END＆きゃりーぱみゅぱみゅ「V-ROCK FES」初登場". Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. October 12, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  25. ↑ "DEAD END、2年ぶり新作音源は3カ月連続シングル". Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. September 9, 2011. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  26. ↑ "DEAD END、3カ月連続シングルラストは「夢鬼歌」". Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. November 13, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2011.
  27. ↑ "DEAD ENDシングル3部作に続きニューアルバムリリース". Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. January 10, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
  28. 1 2 Tomo (October 6, 2012). "DEAD END Major Debut 25th Anniversary Live Kaosmoscape". jame-world.com. Japanese Music Entertainment. Retrieved October 6, 2012.
  29. 1 2 3 "DEAD END tribute album, KIYOHARU, HITOKI, Hyde, and tetsuya take part". barks.jp. August 14, 2013. Archived from the original on May 9, 2016. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  30. ↑ "Second Set of Artists to Participate in DEAD END Tribute Album Announced". barks.jp. August 15, 2013. Archived from the original on October 31, 2013. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  31. ↑ "Third Wave of Artists for DEAD END Tribute Album Announced". barks.jp. August 18, 2013. Archived from the original on September 14, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  32. ↑ "Fourth Wave of Artists to Participate on DEAD END Tribute Album Announced". barks.jp. August 23, 2013. Archived from the original on September 14, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  33. ↑ "Billboard Japan Top Album". billboard-japan.com. September 16, 2013. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  34. ↑ "Japan Music Fest - Sadie, SuG et DEAD END à l'Olympia". jame-world.com (in French). Japanese Music Entertainment. July 14, 2014. Retrieved May 22, 2014.
  35. ↑ "LUNA SEA "LUNATIC FEST." LUNACY was announced as the opening act for both days". barks.jp. June 1, 2015. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
  36. 1 2 "【インタビュー】YOU（足立祐二）「久しぶりにヤル気モード、DEAD ENDもやりますよ」". Barks (in Japanese). March 1, 2019. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
  37. ↑ "【インタビュー】YOU（足立祐二）、「エレキとアコギの融合」という新境地". Barks (in Japanese). March 17, 2019. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
  38. ↑ "Obituary". Dead End Official Website. June 19, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
  39. ↑ "DEAD ENDギタリスト足立"YOU"祐二が敗血症のため死去". Natalie (in Japanese). June 19, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
  40. ↑ "【DEAD END インタビュー】4枚を聴いて思うのは"カッコ良いバンドだったと思う"ということ". OK Music (in Japanese). June 20, 2023. Archived from the original on June 20, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
  41. ↑ "SUGIZO、亡くなった恩師「DEAD END」足立祐二さんに捧げる魂のギター「大切なメッセージを込めた」". Encount (in Japanese). December 24, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
  42. ↑ "【ライヴレポート】MORRIE、＜幻葬回帰の夜 〜足立祐二を偲んで〜＞に時空を超えたコラボ". Barks (in Japanese). July 7, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
  43. ↑ "DEAD ENDの足立"YOU"祐二、＜三回忌追悼コンサート＞にMORRIEやSUGIZO、TERRA ROSAなど". Barks (in Japanese). March 25, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
  44. ↑ "MORRIE初のDEAD ENDのセルフカバーアルバム発売決定、SUGIZOや咲人がゲスト参加". Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha Inc. June 1, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  45. ↑ "MORRIE初のDEAD ENDセルフカバー集より「Serafine」MV公開、監督は近藤廣行". Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha Inc. August 31, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
  46. ↑ Eduardo Rivadavia. "Dead End biography". Allmusic . Retrieved September 26, 2011. Dead End was a prototypical Japanese melodic heavy metal band from the 1980s,...
  47. ↑ "Morrie: Guitars and the meaning of life". Metropolis . February 18, 2014. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  48. ↑ Ishii Eriko (September 2006). "Decadence And Its Immortality: Morrie (Creature Creature) X Sakurai Atsushi (BUCK-TICK)". Ongaku to Hito (in Japanese). Retrieved September 17, 2022.
  49. ↑ Pebbles (November 24, 2008). "Exclusive interview with Creature Creature!". jpopexpress.com. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "DEAD END、当時の貴重なライヴ映像付のベスト盤リリース". barks.jp (in Japanese). February 2, 2005. Retrieved September 26, 2011. 80年代の日本ロックシーンにおいて、多大なる影響と衝撃を与えたハ ... テレビなどの露出が少ないことや活動期間の短さで、一般的に知名度は低いかもしれないが、非日常的な世界観をドラマチックに盛り上げるヴォーカルと、ハードなロックサウンドと抜群の演奏技術とそのセンスで多くのファンをつかみ、後のロックバンドに影響を与えてきたのだ.
  51. 1 2 "伝説のバンド、DEAD END復活". Barks (in Japanese). July 3, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
  52. 1 2 3 4 5 "V.A.「DEAD END Tribute -SONG OF LUNATICS-」特集". Natalie (in Japanese). September 5, 2013. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  53. ↑ Tetsushi Ichikawa (February 1995). "ISSAY (DER ZIBET) + MORRIE (ex DEAD END). New York karisuma sōtō-dan". Ongaku to hito (in Japanese). No. 2. pp. 119–125.
  54. ↑ "LUNA SEAフェスにDEAD END、D'ERLANGERらレジェンド陣6組追加". Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. May 8, 2015. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
  55. ↑ "【連載】櫻澤の本気 II 第7回『櫻澤の半分はDEAD ENDで出来ています』". Barks (in Japanese). June 24, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  56. ↑ "【鼎談】"CRAZY"COOL-JOE × SAKURA × RIKIJIが語る、恒例イベントとDEAD END「あいつ自身が楽しみにしてたはず」". Barks (in Japanese). August 11, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
  57. ↑ Ali W. "Interview: Luna Sea in Hollywood, CA". Jrockrevolution.com. Archived from the original on April 15, 2011. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
  58. 1 2 3 "DEAD END、トリビュートアルバム参加アーティスト清春やHYDE、yasu等からコメント到着". Barks (in Japanese). September 6, 2013. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  59. ↑ 『Laputa―from the cradle to the grave 1999 (Fool's Mate extrax)』、 FOOL’S MATE、1999、 ISBN   4938716186
  60. ↑ Briony Edwards (August 29, 2018). "Esprit D'Air launch video for moody new single Serafine". Louder. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  61. ↑ ロッキンf 1997年7月号別冊 Rockin' Take CAFE（立東社） pp160 （ロッキンf 1989年9月号掲載分）
  62. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ＤＥＡＤ ＥＮＤのリリース一覧 (in Japanese). Oricon . Retrieved September 9, 2011.
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