December 2019 Arbinda attack

Last updated
December 2019 Arbinda attack
Part of the Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso
Date24 December 2019
Location
Arbinda, Soum Province, Burkina Faso
14°13′45″N0°51′48″W / 14.22917°N 0.86333°W / 14.22917; -0.86333
Result Burkinese victory
Belligerents
Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso Islamic State flag.svg Islamic State in the Greater Sahara
Strength
Unknown 200 - 300
Casualties and losses
7 killed
17 wounded		 30-80 killed
35 civilians killed, 6 wounded

On December 24, 2019, militants from the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara attacked the Burkinabe government military base in Arbinda, Sahel Region, Burkina Faso along with the town of Arbinda itself. The attack was halted due to French and Burkinabe air intervention, although 35 civilians were killed in the jihadists' massacre. The Arbinda attack was the deadliest incident in the jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso in several years.

Contents

Background

The town of Arbinda in northern Burkina Faso was the site of various violent attacks between Mossi militias called Koglweogos, backed by the Burkinabe government, and Fulani civilians alleged to be sympathetic or involved with jihadist groups active in the area. [1] Gendarmes in Arbinda were responsible for the killing of 116 men, most of whom were Fulani, between mid-2018 and February 2019. [2] Between March 31 and April 2, 2019, inter-ethnic clashes between Mossi militias, Fulani militias, and Kurumba militias left 62 people dead in Arbinda. The Burkinabe government claimed that the clashes involved "terrorists." [3] [4] On June 9, nineteen more civilians were killed in Arbinda. [5] [6]

In October, jihadists attacked Dolmane near Arbinda, killing twenty gold miners. [7] A second attack on Arbinda on November 20 was repelled by Burkinabe forces, killing at least eighteen jihadists and only one gendarme. [8]

Attack

Fighting in Arbinda began at 6am on December 24, 2019. Burkinabe officials stated that a "significant number of terrorists" carried out the attack, with the jihadists simultaneously attacking the Burkinabe military base and the town of Arbinda itself. [6] AFP reported that around 200 jihadists participated in the attack, although a Burkinabe official told Le Monde that 300 men participated. Many of the attackers were Fulani. [9] [6]

The attack began with a suicide bomber driving a VBIED into the military base. Clashes between the jihadists and soldiers lasted for two to three hours and was unusually intense. [9] [8] The battle was interrupted by a Burkinabe A-29 Super Tucano and two French Mirage 2000s launching airstrikes, repelling the attack. [10] However, the jihadists had massacred dozens of civilians, mostly women and internally displaced refugees. [11] [12] [13] The rationale for the killings was not immediately known, although it could've been a reprisal for the killings of Fulani months prior. [9]

Aftermath

Perpetrator

The attack was not immediately claimed, and Ansarul Islam and the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara were the main suspects. The latter claimed responsibility on December 27, 2019. [14] [15]

Casualties

On December 24, the Burkinabe government assessed that seven Burkinabe fighters were killed; four soldiers and three gendarmes, and twenty other Burkinabe men wounded. [11] [16] The number of wounded was later reduced to 17. [17] Burkinabe officials also announced that 35 civilians had been killed by the jihadists, including 31 women. Six other civilians had been wounded. [16] [11] The Burkinabe government also stated that 80 jihadists had been killed in the attacks and a hundred motorcycles had been captured. [16]

Journalist Wassim Nasr stated that the Burkinabe claim of 80 killed was likely an exaggeration. Matteo Puxton, an expert on the Islamic State, stated that photos only showed the bodies of thirty to forty jihadists. Both Puxton and Nasr stated that the 80 number was part of a series of exaggerated, unprovable death tolls from operations against jihadists. [18] [17] [14]

ISGS stated that they had killed seven Burkinabe soldiers, but did not mention the massacred civilians. [14]

Reactions

The Burkinabe government announced two days of national mourning beginning on December 25. President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré condemned the barbarity of the attack, and praised the gendarmes. [19] Secretary-General of the UN António Guterres condemned the attack alongside Pope Francis, European Union president Charles Michel, and Nigerien president Mahamadou Issoufou. [1]

Related Research Articles

On 16 December 2016, jihadists from Ansarul Islam and the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara attacked a Burkinabe army outpost in Nassoumbou, Soum Province, Burkina Faso, killing twelve soldiers. The attack was the first claimed by Ansarul Islam, Burkina Faso's first homegrown jihadist movement that formed a month prior.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso</span> Ongoing insurgency in Burkina Faso (2015–present)

An ongoing war and civil conflict between the Government of Burkina Faso and Islamist rebels began in August 2015 and has led to the displacement of over 2 million people and the deaths of at least 10,000 civilians and combatants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</span> Insurgency throughout the Sahel and West Africa

An Islamist insurgency has been ongoing in the Sahel region of West Africa since the 2011 Arab Spring. In particular, the intensive conflict in the three countries of Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso has been referred to as the Sahel War.

In early July 2022, two separate massacres occurred in Bourasso, Kossi Province and Namissiguima Department, Yatenga Province in Burkina Faso. The massacre in Bourasso killed 22 people, and the one in Namissiguima killed 12.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yirgou massacre</span> 2019 terrorist attack in Burkina Faso

On the night between December 31, 2018, and January 1, 2019, alleged Ansarul Islam jihadists attacked the village of Yirgou, in Barsalogho Department, Burkina Faso. While initial reports claimed the attack killed six people, including the village chief and his son, later reports and investigations showed up to 210 people were killed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Boala attack</span>

On December 7, 2022, ten Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland militants, a Burkinabe civilian militia, were killed at a market in Boala Department, Centre-Nord Region, Burkina Faso. A second attack on December 10 killed seven civilians.

The battle of Boulikessi took place between September 30 and October 1, 2019. Jihadists from JNIM and Ansarul Islam attacked Malian bases in Boulikessi and Mondoro, killing between 40 and 85 Malian soldiers, making it the deadliest attack for the Malian army since the Second Battle of Kidal in 2014.

On March 5, 2017, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin attacked Malian forces in Boulikessi. The attack was the first by JNIM since its inception that month.

On January 11, 2023, unknown jihadists killed nine civilians at a mosque in Goulgountou, Burkina Faso.

On January 28, 2023, suspected Islamic State jihadists attacked Burkinabe soldiers and Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland (VDP) militiamen in the city of Falagountou, Burkina Faso.

Soldiers of the Burkina Faso Armed Forces were deployed in United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) between 2013 and 2023. During the mission, Burkinabe forces were the largest contributor to the mission, and often belonged to the best elements of the Burkinabe army.

Between May 31 and June 1, 2017, clashes broke out between Nigerien forces and the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS) near Abala, Niger. These clashes expanded to the Nigerien-Malian border near Bani-Bangou, and on June 1 the ISGS militants were confronted by French, Malian, and Tuareg militias when the militants fled towards Ménaka Region, Mali.

On December 25, 2019, Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS) militants attacked Nigerien forces in Sanam, Tillabéri Region, Niger.

On July 31, 2021, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin ambushed Nigerien forces near Torodi, Tillabéri Region, Niger, killing 18 Nigerien soldiers.

On October 12, 2016, jihadists from the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara attacked Burkinabe troops at Intangom, Tin-Akoff Department, Burkina Faso, killing four soldiers,

The 2018 Inata attack occurred between October 3 and 4, 2018, when suspected militants from Ansarul Islam attacked the gold mines near Inata, Burkina Faso, but were repulsed by Burkinabe forces.

On December 27, 2018, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin attacked Burkinabe soldiers in Loroni, northern Burkina Faso, killing ten soldiers. The attack was the deadliest incident for Burkinabe forces since the Nassoumbou attack in 2016.

On August 19, 2019, jihadists from the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara attacked Burkinabe forces in Koutougou, Soum Province, Burkina Faso. 24 Burkinabe soldiers were killed in the attack, and Burkinabe authorities were forced to abandon military outposts in several northern Burkinabe towns following the attack. The attack was the deadliest jihadist attack in Burkinabe history up to that point.

Between November 1 and 17, 2019, French and G5 Sahel troops conducted an operation against the jihadist groups of Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin, Ansarul Islam, and the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara in Boulikessi, Déou, and Boula along the Malian and Burkinabe borders.

On August 4, 2021, jihadists from the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara attacked several towns and Burkinabe bases in Markoye Department, Oudalan Province, Burkina Faso. Several rural villages were raided and civilians were killed, and the jihadist raids on Burkinabe bases in Tokabangou sparked battles that killed dozens of Burkinabe soldiers and ISGS fighters. The attacks were the deadliest day for the Burkinabe government since the Solhan and Tadaryat massacres in June 2021.

References

  1. 1 2 "Attaque jihadiste au Burkina: le pays en deuil, messages de solidarité". Le Point (in French). 2019-12-25. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  2. ↑ "Burkina Faso : Des atrocités commises par les islamistes armés et par les forces de sécurité | Human Rights Watch" (in French). 2019-03-22. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  3. ↑ "Burkina Faso: le gouvernement annonce 62 morts dans les affrontements à Arbinda". RFI (in French). 2019-04-04. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  4. ↑ Macé, Célian. "Au Burkina Faso, l'horreur de la guerre de proximité". Libération (in French). Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  5. ↑ "Burkina Faso : au moins 19 morts dans une attaque dans le Nord - Jeune Afrique.com". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  6. 1 2 3 "Burkina Faso: les gendarmes repoussent une attaque jihadiste à Arbinda". RFI (in French). 2019-11-20. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  7. ↑ "Burkina Faso: une vingtaine de morts dans l'attaque d'un site d'orpaillage dans le Nord". parismatch.com (in French). 2019-10-06. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  8. 1 2 "Burkina Faso: les gendarmes repoussent une attaque jihadiste à Arbinda". RFI (in French). 2019-11-20. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  9. 1 2 3 "Le Burkina Faso confronté à la terreur djihadiste" (in French). 2019-12-27. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  10. ↑ Lagneau, Laurent (2020-01-09). "Barkhane : Deux Mirage 2000D ont appuyé la force aérienne burkinabè lors de l'attaque d'Arbinda". Zone Militaire (in French). Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  11. 1 2 3 "Burkina Faso: double attaque meurtrière à Arbinda, au moins 35 civils tués". RFI (in French). 2019-12-24. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  12. ↑ "Burkina Faso : Flambée d'atrocités commises par des islamistes armés | Human Rights Watch" (in French). 2020-01-06. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  13. ↑ Burkina Faso: Many women killed in suspected jihadist attack
  14. 1 2 3 FRANCE 24 (2019-12-27). Revendication de l'EI sur l'attaque au Burkina Faso : l'éclairage de Wassim Nasr . Retrieved 2024-09-16– via YouTube.{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  15. ↑ "Burkina : l'EI revendique l'attaque de la base militaire d'Arbinda". L'Orient Le-Jour. December 27, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  16. 1 2 3 "Burkina Faso : plusieurs dizaines de civils tués dans une attaque dans le nord". France 24 (in French). 2019-12-24. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  17. 1 2 Puxton, Matteo (2019-12-30). "Matteo Puxton : « La montée en puissance de l'Etat Islamique au Grand Sahara est particulièrement visible depuis le début de l'année »". Le Monde arabe (in French). Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  18. ↑ "Attaque au Burkina: 7 soldats, 35 civils, et 80 «terroristes» tués". Le Figaro (in French). 2019-12-25. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  19. ↑ "Le Burkina Faso en deuil à Noël après les pires attaques djihadistes depuis cinq ans" (in French). 2019-12-25. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
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