Nondin and Soro massacres

Last updated
Nondin and Soro massacres
Part of the Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso - Yatenga.svg
Location Nondin and Soro, Yatenga Province, Burkina Faso
Date25 February 2024
c. 8:30 a.m. – c. 9:30 a.m. (GMT)
TargetCivilians
Attack type
 Massacre, mass execution
Deaths223
InjuredUnknown
PerpetratorsFlag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Armed Forces (denied)
No. of participants
100+
Motive Revenge killings for alleged civilian compliance with jihadists

On 25 February 2024, soldiers of the Burkina Faso Armed Forces summarily executed around 223 civilians, including 56 children, in Yatenga Province, northern Burkina Faso. The massacres took place in the villages of Nondin and Soro, and were perpetrated in retaliation for alleged civilian collaboration with jihadist militias. Human Rights Watch (HRW) described the killings as one of the worst Burkinabe army abuses since 2015.

Contents

Background

Islamist insurgency in Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso, a country located in the Sahel region in western Africa, has fought an armed conflict against Islamist insurgents such as Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State since 2015, as a result of the spillover of the war in neighboring Mali. The conflict has killed around 20,000 people and displaced 2 million others. [1]

In 2022, two military coups took place in the nation, resulting in Ibrahim Traoré seizing power. Traoré has pledged to quell the insurgency, however violence only escalated under his administration, causing over a third of the nation's territory to fall to Islamists. Burkina Faso has been accused by various human rights groups of perpetrating numerous human rights violations, including mass killings and forced disappearances of civilians. [2]

Prelude to the massacres

On 24 and 25 February, Islamist groups carried out coordinated attacks throughout Burkina Faso, targeting mainly military structures such as barracks and military bases. They also targeted places of worship, killing 29 in two attacks on a mosque and Catholic church. [3] [4] On 25 February, at 7:00 a.m., Islamists carried out a major attack against a Burkinabe military base in Ouahigouya before fleeing towards Thiou district. Soldiers of the Rapid Intervention Battalion responded, chasing the militants and "neutralizing" the ones who were unable to flee. [5]

Massacres

Around 30 minutes prior to the massacre, armed Islamists passed through Nondin yelling "Allah Akbar" (God is great). Between 8:30 and 9:00, a military convoy consisting of pickup trucks, motorbikes, and two armored vehicles arrived in the village. The convoy held at least 100 soldiers armed with Kalashnikovs and heavy weaponry. [6] Upon arrival, soldiers went door-to-door ordering residents to show their identity cards and then ordering them to leave their homes. They were then rounded up into groups. Soldiers then indiscriminately opened fire, targeting the groups and villagers attempting to hide or flee. [2] [7] A 34-year-old woman who was shot on her leg said that the army accused them of being complicit with jihadists and being uncooperative with the army by not informing them of the jihadists' movements before firing. Forty-four people, including 20 children, were killed in Nondin. [5]

Around an hour later, soldiers arrived at Soro, around 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Nondin. A similar scenario played out, where soldiers rounded up civilians, separated them into groups based on gender, and then shot at them and those who attempted to hide or flee. [8] A villager said that the soldiers called for the residents and began opening fire as people were moving towards them, killing 179, including 36 children and four pregnant women. [2] [6]

Some survivors of the attack dug mass graves for most of the victims, compiling two lists of names which were acquired by HRW. Eight graves were dug in Soro and three in Nondin. Other bodies were buried separately as they were recovered days after the massacres. [5]

Aftermath

Investigations

A day after the massacres, family members of the victims traveled to the gendarmerie brigade in Ouahigouya and made a statement about the attacks, prompting high court prosecutor Aly Benjamin Coulibaly to announce an investigation. He vowed to assist in finding the perpetrators. [9] [1]

The HRW, citing reports from 23 witnesses, three activists, three members of international organizations, and three other people, concluded that the Burkina Faso Armed Forces was responsible for the massacres. It also verified photos and videos of the aftermath showing the deaths and injured survivors. HRW noted that as soldiers chased down the jihadists who attacked the Rapid Intervention Battalion in the morning, they requested for drones to not follow them, possibly indicating that they did not want the drones to record their actions. [5] HRW urged for Burkinabe authorities to open a UN-backed investigation. [8] Executive director Tirana Hassan said that the killings were part of a series of mass killings of civilians by Burkina Faso throughout their fight against the insurgency, and labeled them as possible crimes against humanity. [10]

Burkinabe response

Burkinabe Communications Minister Rimtalba Jean Emmanuel Ouedraogo rejected and condemned the accusations, calling them baseless. [10] [11] He also assured that an investigation was opened into the killings. Burkina Faso said that the accusations were part of a media campaign to discredit its forces. [12] Burkina Faso's Superior Council for Communication suspended 13 news agencies in total for their coverage of the massacres. On 25 April, it suspended access to BBC and Voice of America for two weeks. Two days later, it blocked Agence de Presse Africaine, Agence Ecofin, Deutsche Welle, The Guardian, Le Monde, and Ouest-France, "until further notice", and TV5Monde for two weeks. [13] [14] Burkina Faso communications spokesperson Tonssira Myrian Corine Sanou warned other media organizations to not report on the event. [15]

Reactions

The United States and United Kingdom said they were gravely concerned about the reports of massacres by Burkina Faso's armed forces and called for a probe. [16] Their response sparked protests outside the US embassy in Ouagadougou, where hundreds of shopkeepers and workers marched towards the building with Burkinabe and Russian flags, chanting anti-imperialist slogans and defending their armed forces. [17]

See also

Related Research Articles

On December 24, 2019, militants from the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara attacked the Burkinabe government military base in Arbinda, Sahel Region, Burkina Faso along with the town of Arbinda itself. The attack was halted due to French and Burkinabe air intervention, although 35 civilians were killed in the jihadists' massacre. The Arbinda attack was the deadliest incident in the jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso in several years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solhan and Tadaryat massacres</span> Insurgent attacks in Burkina Faso

On 4 and 5 June 2021, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) attacked the village of Solhan, Yagha Province, Burkina Faso. At least 160 people were killed in the massacres, making it the deadliest attacks up to that point in the jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso since the start of the war in 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islamist insurgency in Burkina Faso</span> Ongoing insurgency in Burkina Faso (2015–present)

An ongoing war and civil conflict between the Government of Burkina Faso and Islamist rebels began in August 2015 and has led to the displacement of over 2 million people and the deaths of at least 10,000 civilians and combatants.

On 25 May 2022, jihadists from Ansarul Islam or Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin attacked civilians fleeing the towns of Madjoari and Tabarga, Kompienga Province, Burkina Faso during the siege of Madjoari. The jihadists intercepted the refugees near the town of Singou, and separated the men from the women, elderly, and children. Over fifty civilians were executed by the jihadists, and fifty more were alleged to be missing. The massacre was the culmination of an offensive that began several weeks prior, with jihadists killing seventeen civilians in Madjoari on May 14 and overrunning the Burkinabe base in the town on May 19.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</span> Insurgency throughout the Sahel and West Africa

An Islamist insurgency has been ongoing in the Sahel region of West Africa since the 2011 Arab Spring. In particular, the intensive conflict in the three countries of Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso has been referred to as the Sahel War.

On June 11, 2022, jihadists from the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara attacked the town of Seytenga, Séno Province, Burkina Faso, killing over a hundred civilians in a massacre. The massacre occurred after Burkinabe forces evacuated the city following ISGS' takeover of the Burkinabe base in the town on June 9.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Djibo</span> Battle between Burkina Faso and Jihadist rebels

The siege of Djibo is an ongoing blockade of the city of Djibo in Burkina Faso by several factions of Jihadist Islamist rebels. The siege began in February 2022, and is part of the Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso.

The Karma massacre was a massacre in the village of Karma, Ouahigouya Department, Burkina Faso on April 20, 2023 perpetrated by soldiers of the Rapid Intervention Brigade's 3rd Battalion in response to the Aorema attack by jihadists that killed several soldiers and civilians a few days prior. The Karma massacre was one of the deadliest massacres of the jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso, and up to that point the deadliest perpetrated by government forces.

On April 8, 2022, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin ambushed a Burkinabe military base near the town of Namissiguima, in Sanmatenga Province, Burkina Faso.

On December 30, 2022, dozo militants affiliated with the Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland (VDP) killed over 88 civilians in Nouna, Burkina Faso.

Events in the year 2024 in Burkina Faso.

Between November 2019 and June 2020, the bodies of over 180 civilians were discovered in and around the city of Djibo, Burkina Faso. Most of the killings targeted Fulani, and were committed by Burkinabe Armed Forces, Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland (VDP), and Defense and Security Forces (FDS). Several mass graves were made for the victims in March and April 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 Barsalogho attack</span> Central Burkina Faso massacre by jihadist insurgents

An attack on 24 August 2024 by fighters of Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), an al-Qaeda-aligned jihadist organization, killed hundreds of civilians who dug trenches as well as members of the Burkina Faso Armed Forces in the Barsalogho Department of northern Burkina Faso. The attack is part of an ongoing jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso and the Sahel. It is the deadliest attack in the country's history.

On April 15, 2023, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin attacked a group of Burkinabe soldiers and civilian volunteers in the Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland (VDP) near Aorema, Yatenga Province, Burkina Faso, killing at least forty soldiers and VDP and injuring over thirty others. The attack occurred a month after a massacre against civilians by JNIM in Aorema that killed fourteen. Following the attack, Burkinabe soldiers searching for the perpetrators of the April attack killed over 130 civilians in the Karma massacre.

On June 26, 2023, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin ambushed a Burkinabe convoy near Namssiguia, Bam Province, Burkina Faso. The attack and subsequent battle killed 34 Burkinabe soldiers, with Burkinabe authorities stating over 40 jihadists were killed.

On February 25, 2024, jihadists from the Islamic State – Sahel Province (ISGS) killed fifteen parishioners at a church in Essakane-Village, Gorom-Gorom Department, Burkina Faso. In retaliation for the attack, Burkinabe soldiers killed over two hundred civilians in the Nondin and Soro massacres that same day.

On February 29, 2024, soldiers from the Burkinabe Armed Forces killed up to 150 civilians in the villages of Bibgou and Soualimou, Komondjari Province, Burkina Faso. The massacres occurred just four days after the Nondin and Soro massacres, which were reprisal attacks by government forces against civilians alleged to be collaborating with jihadists that killed 220 people.

Throughout May 2024, a convoy carrying soldiers from the Burkina Faso Armed Forces and the Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland committed several massacres against civilians in eastern Burkina Faso, killing at least 400 civilians during the convoy's journey between April 27 and May 10. The massacres occurred in a similar area to the Nondin and Soro massacres and Bibgou and Soualimou massacres that occurred a few months earlier.

References

  1. 1 2 "Burkina Faso prosecutor says some 170 people 'executed' in attacks on northern villages". France 24. 2024-03-03. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  2. 1 2 3 "Two hundred killed by Burkina Faso army - report". BBC News. 2024-04-25. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  3. ↑ "About 170 people 'executed' in Burkina Faso village attacks, official says". The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  4. ↑ "Burkina Faso: 170 people 'executed' in attacks on villages". DW. 3 March 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Burkina Faso: Army Massacres 223 Villagers". Human Rights Watch. 2024-04-25. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  6. 1 2 Turse, Nick (2024-04-25). "U.S.-Trained Burkina Faso Military Executed 220 Civilians". The Intercept. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  7. ↑ "Burkina Faso army executed over 220 villagers in February, HRW says". CNN. 2024-04-26. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  8. 1 2 "Burkina Faso soldiers massacred 223 civilians in one day, finds rights group". The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  9. ↑ "Burkina Faso says 170 dead in village 'executions'". BBC News. 2024-03-03. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  10. 1 2 "Burkina Faso's army summarily executed 223 civilians, says Human Rights Watch". France 24. 2024-04-25. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  11. ↑ "Burkina Faso dismisses HRW massacre report as 'baseless'". DW. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  12. ↑ "Burkina Faso says HRW massacre accusations 'baseless'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  13. ↑ "Burkina Faso halts foreign media over massacre reports". The Times of India. ISSN   0971-8257 . Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  14. ↑ "Burkina Faso blocks access to nine more news sites, bringing banned media total to 13". RSF. 2024-04-29. Retrieved 2024-05-07.
  15. ↑ "Burkina Faso suspends BBC and Voice of America after they covered a report on mass killings". AP News. 2024-04-26. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  16. ↑ "US, UK call on Burkina Faso to investigate civilian killings". Reuters. 29 April 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
  17. ↑ "Hundreds in Burkina Faso protest US response to HRW massacre report". France 24. 2024-05-03. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
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