The Deep Freeze Range ( 74°15′S163°45′E / 74.250°S 163.750°E ) is a rugged mountain range, over 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) long and about 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) wide, rising between Priestley and Campbell Glaciers in Victoria Land, Antarctica, and extending from the edge of the polar plateau to Terra Nova Bay. [1] It is southwest of the Southern Cross Mountains, south of the Mesa Range and northeast of the Eisenhower Range of the Prince Albert Mountains.
Peaks in the low and mid portions of the range were observed by early British expeditions to the Ross Sea. The range was mapped in detail by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1955-63. It was named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in recognition of the support to research provided by the U.S. Navy's Operation Deep Freeze expeditions to Antarctica for many years beginning in 1954. [1]
The Deep Freeze Range extends from southeast to northwest, between Priestley Glacier and Campbell Glacier. The narrow northwest end of the range ends in Szanto Spur, and includes Wasson Rock. [2] The Reeves Névé lies to the west. [3] The range extends north to Archambault Ridge, south of Rainey Glacier. To the south of this along the west of Campbell Glacier are Mount Pollock, Recoil Glacier, Mount Gibbs, Harper Glacier, Mount Mankinen, Mount Adamson and Rebuff Glacier. [4] Further south are Shafer Peak, Mount Cavaney, Capsize Glacier, Mount Levick, the Tourmaline Plateau, Mount Emison, the Howard Peaks, Bates Glacier, Mills Peak, Mount Queensland, Mount Burrows, the Corner Glacier, Mount Dickason, Miller Nunatak, Boomerang Glacier, Mount Keinath and Browning Pass. The Northern Foothills are south of Browning Pass. [5]
Features, from north to south, include:
73°45′S162°47′E / 73.750°S 162.783°E . A symmetrical mountain, 2,640 metres (8,660 ft) high, that rises above the midportion of Recoil Glacier just south of Archambault Ridge, in the Deep Freeze Range. Mapped by USGS from surveys and US. Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Herbert W. Pollock, United States Navy, construction electrician at McMurdo Station, 1962 and 1967. [6]
73°49′S162°56′E / 73.817°S 162.933°E . A mountain 3,140 metres (10,300 ft) high rising on the south side of Recoil Glacier in the Deep Freeze Range. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Maurice E. Gibbs, United States Navy, meteorological officer at McMurdo Station, 1967. [7]
73°54′S163°06′E / 73.900°S 163.100°E . A mountain 2,910 metres (9,550 ft) high situated 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) northeast of Mount Adamson in the Deep Freeze Range. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Edward A. Mankinen, geologist at McMurdo Station, 1965-66. [8]
73°55′S163°0′E / 73.917°S 163.000°E . A peak, 3,400 metres (11,200 ft) high, rising 6.5 nautical miles (12.0 km; 7.5 mi) |east-northeast of Mount Hewson. It was named by the northern party of New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1965–66, for R. Adamson, a geologist with this party. [9]
73°58′S162°38′E / 73.967°S 162.633°E . A bluff-type mountain, 3,720 metres (12,200 ft) high, standing 6.5 nautical miles (12.0 km; 7.5 mi) west-southwest of Mount Adamson. It was named by the southern party of NZGSAE, 1962–63, for R.W. Hewson, leader and surveyor of this party; also a surveyor for the northern party of NZGSAE, 1961-62. [10]
74°01′S162°36′E / 74.017°S 162.600°E . A prominent peak, 3,600 metres (11,800 ft) high, standing 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) south of Mount Hewson. It was mapped by the USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1955-63. It was named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Cdt. Willard G. Shafer, (CEC) United States Navy, officer in charge of the nuclear power plant at McMurdo Station, winter party 1965. [11]
74°03′S163°03′E / 74.050°S 163.050°E . A peak, 2,820 metres (9,250 ft) high, rising just north of the head of Capsize Glacier in Deep Freeze Range. Named by the Northern Party of the NZGSAE, 1965-66, for R.J. Cavaney, geologist with that party. [12]
74°08′S163°10′E / 74.133°S 163.167°E . A prominent mountain, 2,390 metres (7,840 ft) high, standing at the northwest side of Tourmaline Plateau in the Deep Freeze Range. First charted by the Northern Party of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13 (BrAE), and named for G. Murray Levick, surgeon with the expedition and a member of the Northern Party. [13]
74°12′S163°15′E / 74.200°S 163.250°E . A prominent peak in the Deep Freeze Range, between Priestley Glacier and the west part of Tourmaline Plateau. Named by US-ACAN in 1990 after Erich Bloch, Director, National Science Foundation, 1984-90. The Foundation, through its Office of Polar Programs, is responsible for the development of the United States Antarctic Program. [14]
74°10′S163°27′E / 74.167°S 163.450°E . An ice-covered plateau in the central part of the Deep Freeze Range, bounded by the Howard Peaks and the peaks and ridges which trend N-S from Mount Levick, in Victoria Land. So named by the Northern Party of NZGSAE, 1965-66, because of the quantities of tourmaline-granite found there. [15]
74°12′S163°44′E / 74.200°S 163.733°E . A prominent mountain, 2,050 metres (6,730 ft) high, rising on the west side of Campbell Glacier, just north of the mouth of Bates Glacier, in the Deep Freeze Range. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1955-63. Named by US-ACAN after William B. Emison, biologist at McMurdo Station, 1964-65 and 1965-66 seasons. [16]
74°15′S163°42′E / 74.250°S 163.700°E . A line of east–west trending peaks at the south side of Tourmaline Plateau, extending transversely across Deep Freeze Range, in Victoria Land. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1955-63. Named by US-ACAN for Hugh C. Howard, cook at McMurdo Station for four summer seasons, 1963-64 to 1966-67. [17]
74°14′S163°54′E / 74.233°S 163.900°E . A sharp peak in the Deep Freeze Range, 1,420 metres (4,660 ft) high, standing along the west side of Campbell Glacier between Mount Queensland and the terminus of Bates Glacier. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1955-63. Named by US-ACAN for Peter J. Mills, geologist at McMurdo Station, 1965-66 season. [18]
74°16′S163°56′E / 74.267°S 163.933°E . A prominent mountain, 1,910 metres (6,270 ft) high, standing 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) north of Mount Dickason. It was discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition, 1901–04, which named this mountain for the state of Queensland, Australia, in recognition of the assistance given the expedition by its government. [19]
74°18′S163°39′E / 74.300°S 163.650°E . A peak 2,260 metres (7,410 ft) high located 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) west-southwest of Mount Queensland in the Deep Freeze Range. The feature towers high above the lower, east side of Priestley Glacier. Named by the NZ-APC for A.L. Burrows, Scientific Leader at Scott Base, 1964-65. [20]
74°24′S163°36′E / 74.400°S 163.600°E . A prominent rock ridge in the Deep Freeze Range, Victoria Land, 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) long and rising to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) high, forming a divide between the Priestley and Corner Glaciers. First explored by the Northern Party of the BrAE, 1910-13, and so named by them because of its appearance. [21]
74°24′S163°58′E / 74.400°S 163.967°E . A prominent mountain, 2,030 metres (6,660 ft) high, at the head of Boomerang Glacier. It was first mapped by the Northern Party of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13, and named for Harry Dickason, Royal Navy, a member of the Northern Party. [22]
74°32′S163°57′E / 74.533°S 163.950°E . A mountain, 1,090 metres (3,580 ft) high, rising at the east side of the terminus of Boomerang Glacier in Deep Freeze Range. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1955-63. Named by US-ACAN for Gerald E. Keinath, biolab administrator at McMurdo Station, 1965-66 season. [23]
74°37′S163°41′E / 74.617°S 163.683°E . A sharply projecting point on the west side of Deep Freeze Range, standing 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) northwest of Snowy Point and overlooking the north portion of Nansen Ice Sheet, in Victoria Land. First explored by the Northern Party of the BrAE, 1910-13, and so named by them because of large and extensive sastrugi that impeded the travel of this party in approaching the point. [24]
74°37′S163°45′E / 74.617°S 163.750°E . A gently sloping point marking the north side of the western portal of Browning Pass in Deep Freeze Range. First explored and given this descriptive name by the Northern Party of the BrAE, 1910-13. [25]
The Geologists Range is a mountain range about 55 km (34 mi) long, standing between the heads of Lucy and Nimrod Glaciers in Antarctica. Seen by the northern party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) (1961–62) and named to commemorate the work of geologists in Antarctic exploration.
The Eisenhower Range is a majestic mountain range, about 45 nautical miles long and rising to 3,070 metres (10,070 ft), which rises between Reeves Névé on the west, Reeves Glacier on the south, and Priestley Glacier on the north and east, in Victoria Land, Antarctica. The range is flat topped and descends gradually to Reeves Névé, but is steep cliffed and marked by sharp spurs along the Priestley Glacier. It is in the north of the Prince Albert Mountains, southwest of the Deep Freeze Range
The Priestley Glacier is a major valley glacier, about 60 nautical miles long, originating at the edge of the Polar Plateau of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The glacier drains southeast between the Deep Freeze Range and Eisenhower Range to enter the northern end of the Nansen Ice Sheet. It was first explored by the Northern Party of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13, and named for Raymond Priestley, a geologist with the Northern Party.
Tucker Glacier is a major valley glacier of Victoria Land, Antarctica, about 90 nautical miles long, flowing southeast between the Admiralty Mountains and the Victory Mountains to the Ross Sea. There is a snow saddle at the glacier's head, just west of Homerun Range, from which the Ebbe Glacier flows northwestward.
Ferrar Glacier is a glacier in Antarctica. It is about 35 nautical miles long, flowing from the plateau of Victoria Land west of the Royal Society Range to New Harbour in McMurdo Sound. The glacier makes a right (east) turn northeast of Knobhead, where it where it is apposed, i.e., joined in Siamese-twin fashion, to Taylor Glacier. From there, it continues east along the south side of Kukri Hills to New Harbor.
The Aviator Glacier is a major valley glacier in Antarctica that is over 60 nautical miles long and 5 nautical miles wide, descending generally southward from the plateau of Victoria Land along the west side of Mountaineer Range, and entering Lady Newnes Bay between Cape Sibbald and Hayes Head where it forms a floating tongue.
Wilson Hills is a group of scattered hills, nunataks and ridges that extend northwest–southeast about 70 nautical miles between Matusevich Glacier and Pryor Glacier in Antarctica.
Southern Cross Mountains is the name applied to the group of ranges lying between the Mariner Glacier and Priestley Glacier in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It is southwest of the Mountaineer Range, southeast of the Mesa Range and northeast of the Deep Freeze Range.
The Mountaineer Range is the range of mountains lying between the Mariner Glacier and Aviator Glacier in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It lies to the south of the Victory Mountains and northeast of the Southern Cross Mountains.
Explorers Range is a large mountain range in the Bowers Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica, extending from Mount Bruce in the north to Carryer Glacier and McLin Glacier in the south.
Nansen Ice Sheet is a 30 nautical miles long by 10 nautical miles wide ice shelf. It is nourished by the Priestley and Reeves Glaciers and abuts the north side of the Drygalski Ice Tongue, along the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. This feature was explored by the South Magnetic Polar Party of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1907-09 and by the Northern Party of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Frank Debenham, geologist with the latter expedition, applied the name Nansen Sheet as the feature is adjacent to Mount Nansen, the dominating summit in the area.
Rennick Glacier is broad glacier, nearly 200 nautical miles long, which is one of the largest in Antarctica. It rises on the polar plateau westward of Mesa Range and is 20 to 30 nautical miles wide, narrowing to 10 nautical miles near the coast. It takes its name from Rennick Bay where the glacier reaches the sea.
Campbell Glacier is a glacier, about 60 nautical miles long, originating near the south end of Mesa Range and draining southeast between the Deep Freeze Range and Mount Melbourne to discharge into north Terra Nova Bay in Victoria Land, Antarctica. The lower end of the glacier was observed by the Northern Party, led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell, Royal Navy, of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13. It was named for the leader of this party. The extent of the glacier and its discharge into north Terra Nova Bay, rather than the Nansen Ice Sheet, was determined by United States and New Zealand survey parties to the area in 1961–62 and 1962–63.
The Nash Range is a mainly ice-covered coastal range in the Churchill Mountains of Antarctica.
Nash Ridge is a high, massive ridge of eastern Eisenhower Range, about 10 nautical miles long and 5 nautical miles wide, projecting between the flow of the O'Kane Glacier and Priestley Glacier, in Victoria Land, Antarctica.
The Monument Nunataks are a group of nunataks in Antarctica that have numerous pinnacles and odd-shaped projections resembling monuments, situated north of Sculpture Mountain in the upper part of Rennick Glacier. The group was named by the Northern Party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) of 1962–63.
The Mesa Range is a range of flat-topped mesas comprising the Sheehan, Pain, Tobin and Gair Mesas, situated at the head of the Rennick Glacier in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was given this descriptive name by the northern party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) of 1962–63.
Salamander Range is a distinctive linear range between Canham Glacier and Black Glacier, in the Freyberg Mountains, Antarctica. The range was named by the Northern Party of New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1963–64, from the nickname given to Lord Freyberg by Sir Winston Churchill, for the lizard that is untouched by fire.
The Reeves Glacier is a broad glacier originating on the interior upland and descending between Eisenhower Range and Mount Larsen to merge with the Nansen Ice Sheet along the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica.
The Lanterman Range is a mountain range about 35 nautical miles long and 12 nautical miles wide, forming the southwest part of the Bowers Mountains in Antarctica. It is bounded by the Rennick Glacier, Sledgers Glacier, Black Glacier and Canham Glacier.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Geological Survey .