The Dipterocarpaceae are a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus Dipterocarpus, is derived from Greek and refers to the two-winged fruit. The largest genera are Shorea, Hopea, Dipterocarpus, and Vatica. Many are large forest-emergent species, typically reaching heights of 40–70 m, some even over 80 m, with the tallest known living specimen 93.0 m tall. The species of this family are of major importance in the timber trade. Their distribution is pantropical, from northern South America to Africa, the Seychelles, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines. The greatest diversity of Dipterocarpaceae occurs in Borneo. Some species are now endangered as a result of overcutting, extensive illegal logging, and habitat conversion. They provide valuable woods, aromatic essential oils, balsam, and resins, and are a source for plywood.
Dipterocarpus retusus, commonly known as hollong, is a large tree and perhaps the best known species in the genus Dipterocarpus. It is native to China, Vietnam, Philippines, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, and India. The tree, some 20–30 metres (70–100 ft) tall, is found in Cambodia in dense forests of the plains, common on hillsides and along rivers and in forests between 800 m (2,600 ft) and 1,500 m (5,000 ft) altitude.
Dipterocarpus is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae.
Dipterocarpus acutangulus is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name acutangulus is derived from Latin and refers to the ribs of the fruit calyx tube. It is found in peninsular Malaysia and Borneo, where it is locally known as keruing merkah or keruing beludu. It is an emergent tree up to 60 m tall, The tree occurs in mixed dipterocarp forests found on sandy and sandy clay soils on coastal hills and inland ridges, up to 1000 m altitude. It occurs in at least one protected area.
Dipterocarpus borneensis is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is native to Borneo, Sumatra and Java.
Dipterocarpus humeratus is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name humeratus is derived from Latin and refers to the articulated petiole. D. humeratus is an emergent tree, up to 50 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forests on well-drained clay soils. The species is found scattered or semi-gregarious on undulating land and clay ridges below 700 m altitude. It is found in Sumatra and Borneo and occurs in at least three protected areas.
Danum Valley Conservation Area is a 438 square kilometres tract of relatively undisturbed lowland dipterocarp forest in Sabah, Malaysia. It has an extensive diversity of tropical flora and fauna, including such species as the rare Bornean orangutans, gibbons, mousedeer, clouded leopards and over 270 bird species. Activities offered are jungle treks, river swimming, bird watching, night jungle tours and excursions to nearby logging sites and timber mills.
Dipterocarpus lamellatus is a tropical rainforest tree endemic to Borneo. It is known from the Beaufort Hills, the Siangau Forest Reserve and Labuan in SW Sabah and Ladan Hills in the Tutong district of Brunei. It is one of the rarest and most endangered of all dipterocarps, with a population size of only twelve individuals, threatened mostly by habitat loss.
Dipterocarpus caudatus is a species of plant in the evergreen or semi-evergreen family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Latin and refers to the narrow acumen of the leaf apex. It is an emergent tree, up to 50 m tall, in mixed dipterocarp forest on dry ridges. It is found within Sumatra, coastal Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Borneo. It is a medium hardwood sold under the trade names of Keruing. It was formerly most abundant along the coastal hills on sandy soils, but is endangered due to land conversion. D. caudatus is found in at least one protected area.
Dipterocarpus confertus is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species is named derived from Latin and probably refers to the indumentum. It is an emergent tree, up to 50 m tall, in mixed dipterocarp forest on leached yellow clay soils. It is endemic to Borneo. It is a medium hardwood sold under the trade names of Keruing. It is found in at least one protected area.
Dipterocarpus crinitus is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Latin and refers to golden-brown bristle-like hairs that cover the plant parts. It is an emergent tree, up to 60 m tall, in mixed dipterocarp forest on sandy clay soils. It is a medium hardwood sold under the trade names of Keruing. It is found in Peninsular Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.
Dipterocarpus geniculatus is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Latin and refers to the shape of the petiole. There are two subspecies; D. geniculatus subsp. geniculatus and D. geniculatus subsp. grandis both of which are endemic to Borneo. Both subspecies are emergent tree, up to 60 m tall, in mixed dipterocarp forest. D. geniculatus subsp. geniculatus is found on leached sandy and sandy/silty clay soils and occurs in at least one protected area. D. geniculatus subsp. grandis occurs on similar soils as well as those over ultrabasic rock and occurs in at least one protected area.
Dipterocarpus zeylanicus, commonly known as හොර - Hora in Sinhalese and සරල - Sarala or කිරිපලු - Kiripalu, is a species of Dipterocarpus that is endemic to Sri Lanka. A closely related Indian species is Dipterocarpus turbinatus. The Sri Lankan tree is a large tree that grows up to 40 – 45 m tall and 4 – 6 m in circumference. The bark is light pinkish brown or light yellowish brown. Leaves are big and oval, 5 to 8 inches long. The sharp-edged leaves are covered with silver hairy. Flowers bloom in April and seeds have two wings to spread from wind. The bark contains considerable amounts of gray caller oleo resin. D. zeylanicus can be found in moist low country like Ratnapura, Kaluthara, Galle and Mathara districts and also in the Sinharaja rain forest. The tallest trees of Hora in Sri Lanka are found in Udakiruwa village in Lunugala and under great threat of legal/illegal felling. There are many place names which begin with the name of the Hora tree. Even Tamil place names like Norochcholai is said to refer to a clump of Hora trees - i.e., "Horagolla" in Sinhalese.
Dipterocarpus kunstleri grows as a canopy tree up to 40 metres (130 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 1 metre. Bark is orange-brown. Fruit is ellipsoid, up to 5 centimetres (2.0 in) long. Habitat is mixed dipterocarp forest from sea-level to 400 metres (1,300 ft) altitude. D. kunstleri is found in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and the Philippines.
Dipterocarpus lowii is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae.
Dipterocarpus stellatus is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The specific epithet stellatus means "star-like", referring to its trichomes.
Hakea leucoptera, commonly known as silver needlewood, needle hakea, pin bush or water tree and as booldoobah in Koori language, is a shrub or small tree with rigid, cylindrical, sharply pointed leaves and white, cream-coloured or yellow flowers in late spring and early summer. It is widespread and common in central parts of the Australian mainland.
Canarium pilosum subsp. borneensis is a subspecies of Canarium pilosum. It is a tree in the family Burseraceae. The subspecies is named for Borneo.
