| Battle of Dniestr | |||||||
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| Part of the Eastern Front of World War I | |||||||
 Zolota Lypa-Dnestr battle | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
 German Empire  Austria-Hungary |  Russian Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Karl von Pflanzer-Baltin | Platon Lechitsky Vasily Gurko | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| South Army VII Army | IX Army XI Army | ||||||
The Dniester front a series of battles on the eastern front between Russia and the central powers summer offensive.
The Austro-Hungarian armies, not included in the army group of A. von Mackensen, received passive tasks of pinning down the opposing Russian forces and gradually liberating the territory of eastern Galicia from the Russian troops by attacking Buchach and Chortkiv. Since the left tributaries of the Dniester were natural defensive lines, the commander of the 7th Austro-Hungarian Army, cavalry general Karl von Pflanzer-Baltin, decided to force the Dniester River between the mouths of the Strypa and Seret rivers.
| Khotyn operation | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
| Austria-Hungary German Empire | Russian Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Karl von Pflanzer-Baltin | Platon Lechitsky | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| VII Army | IX Army | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | 6 division | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 3,000 captured 8 machine guns | Unknown | ||||||
A Russian defensive operation to prevent the encirclement of the 9th Army. It ended with the failure of the Austro-Hungarian troops.
| Battle of Prut | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
| Austria-Hungary German Empire | Russian Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Karl von Pflanzer-Baltin | Platon Lechitsky | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| VII Army | IX Army | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Heavy; including 16,000 captured 20 machine guns | 6,082 [2] | ||||||
A Russian sabotage operation in the territory near the Dniester and the Prut. The Russians successfully crossed the Prut, while incurring heavy losses, but after a while they managed to throw back the Austro-Hungarian units from a height in front of the river and capture large trophies at the same time.
| Khotyn operation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Belligerents | |||||||
| Austria-Hungary German Empire | Russian Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Karl von Pflanzer-Baltin | Platon Lechitsky | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| VII Army | IX Army | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | 6 division | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 8,000 captured 20 machine guns | Unknown | ||||||
| First battle of Dniester | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
| Austria-Hungary German Empire | Russian Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Karl von Pflanzer-Baltin | Platon Lechitsky | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| VII Army | IX Army | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 8 infantry and 5 cavalry division | 9 infantry and 6 cavalry division | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 25,000 captured 20 guns and 33 machine guns | Relatively small | ||||||
The operation was carried out in order to alleviate the condition of the Russian army against the background of the catastrophe in Galicia. The main force of the 9th Russian army consisted of cavalry and militia squads. [3] Later, the famous Finnish figure Mannerheim also participated in the battle. The Russians were opposed by the 7th army of Austria-Hungary, as well as 2 Polish brigades. [4] Russians launched a large-scale offensive on the morning of April 27, such tactics immediately had an effect and the Russians effortlessly broke through the enemy's front in several places. [5] Some Russian units suffered quite heavy losses, the 1st Trans-Amur division lost up to half of its personnel in the battles for the city of Chernilets, but was able to capture the city and prisoners into the bargain. [6]
| Battle of Zuravno | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
| German Empire | Russian Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Alexander von Linsingen | Vasily Gurko | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| South Army | XI Army | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | 8 infantry and 1 cavalry division | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 28,000 captured 29 guns and 110 machine guns [1] | Unknown | ||||||
The battle began with the German troops advancing on the Russian bridgehead at Zhuravno, it was well fortified and flanked by impassable marshes. The Russian troops were well equipped and eager to fight. [7] The Germans attacked unsuccessfully along the entire front, and apparently in poor morale, as cases were recorded when entire companies of the Prussian Guard surrendered. [8] The Russians heroically defended the bridgehead from the troops of the central powers, capturing prisoners and inflicting losses on the guard. [9] The Russians defeated several corps and pushed them away from the Dniester, but after that they had to retreat due to general failures in Galicia and the withdrawal of Brusilov's 8th army. [10]
Austro-Hungarian troops were unable to cross the Dniester and defeat the Russian troops in eastern Galicia. Their trophies amounted to only 7 machine guns and 5,168 prisoners (34 of them officers). [11] During this time, Russian troops were able to capture more than 80,000 during five operations on this sector of the front. [a]
The Brusilov offensive, also known as the June advance, or Battle of Galicia-Volhynia, of June to September 1916 was the Russian Empire's greatest feat of arms during World War I, and among the most lethal offensives in world history. The historian Graydon Tunstall called the Brusilov offensive the worst crisis of World War I for Austria-Hungary and the Triple Entente's greatest victory, but it came at a tremendous loss of life. It was arguably the most successful offensive in the entirety of the First World War. The victory contributed to a morale upsurge among the Russian troops, in 1917, Nicholas II planned a general offensive along the entire front in order to end the Central Powers. After the victory, the Petrograd conference was held at which the post-war structure of the world was discussed. Even despite the losses, the Russian armies were still being reinforced with new forces, the number of weapons increased, and new railways were being built. The result of the battle will fully restore Russia's prestige among the allies, which forced them to make serious territorial concessions, such as Anatolia and Constantinople, the French government confirmed the possibility of the Russians themselves to choose which territories to tear away from Germany after the war.
The Eastern Front or Eastern Theater of World War I was a theater of operations that encompassed at its greatest extent the entire frontier between Russia and Romania on one side and Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and Germany on the other. It ranged from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, involved most of Eastern Europe, and stretched deep into Central Europe. The term contrasts with the Western Front, which was being fought in Belgium and France. Unlike the static warfare on the Western Front, the fighting on the geographically larger Eastern Front was more dynamic, often involving the flanking and encirclement of entire formations, and resulted in over 100,000 square miles of territory becoming occupied by a foreign power.
The Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes or Winter Battle of the Masurian Lakes, known in Germany as the Winter Battle in Masuria and in Russia as the Battle of Augustowo, was the northern part of the Central Powers' offensive on the Eastern Front in the winter of 1915 during World War I. The offensive was intended to advance beyond the Vistula River and perhaps knock Russia out of the war. It was the last major battle fought on German soil during World War I.
The Battle of Galicia, also known as the Great Battle of Galicia, was a major battle between Russia and Austria-Hungary during the early stages of World War I in 1914. In the course of the battle, the Austro-Hungarian armies were severely defeated and forced out of Galicia, while the Russians captured Lemberg and, for approximately nine months, ruled Eastern Galicia until their defeat at Gorlice and Tarnów.
The Battle of the Vistula River, also known as the Battle of Warsaw and Ivangorod, was a major Russian victory against the German Empire and Austria-Hungary on the Eastern Front during the First World War.
The Erzurum offensive or Battle of Erzurum was a major winter offensive by the Imperial Russian Army on the Caucasus Campaign, during the First World War that led to the capture of the strategic city of Erzurum. The Ottoman forces, in winter quarters, suffered a series of unexpected reverses, which led to a Russian victory.
The Battle of Humin-Bolimów was an inconclusive battle of World War I fought between January 14 and February 28, 1915 between the Imperial German Army and Russia. The battle is considered a preliminary to the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes.
The Gorlice–Tarnów offensive during World War I was initially conceived as a minor German offensive to relieve Russian pressure on the Austro-Hungarians to their south on the Eastern Front, but resulted in the Central Powers' chief offensive effort of 1915, causing the total collapse of the Russian lines and their retreat far into Russia. The continued series of actions lasted the majority of the campaigning season for 1915, starting in early May and only ending due to bad weather in October.
The Rovno offensive — the operation of the Austro-Hungarian Northern armies against the armies of the Russian Southwestern Front — the so-called campaign on Rovno, or Lutsk-Rovno offensive operation. The purpose of the offensive was the liberation of Eastern Galicia, but by the end of the operation, a small part of Eastern Galicia was still held by the Russian Imperial Army.
The Great Retreat was a strategic withdrawal and evacuation on the Eastern Front of World War I in 1915. The Imperial Russian Army gave up the salient in Galicia and the Polish Congress Kingdom. The Russian Empire's critically under-equipped military suffered great losses in the Central Powers' July–September summer offensive operations, which led to the Stavka ordering a withdrawal to shorten the front lines and avoid the potential encirclement of large Russian forces in the salient. While the withdrawal itself was relatively well-conducted, it was a severe blow to Russian morale.
The Baranovichi offensive was a battle fought on the Eastern Front during World War I between an army of Russia and the forces of Germany and Austria-Hungary in July 1916.
The Gorlice breakthrough occurred in the May 1–10, 1915 as part of the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive during World War I. The German 11th Army led by General August von Mackensen, with the support on the flanks by the 3rd and 4th Austro-Hungarian Armies, defeated the 3rd Russian Army. For the first time in the history of the First World War a heavily fortified and long-term defensive position was broken through during the Gorliсе offensive.
The Carpathian Front, sometimes referred to as the Carpathian Winter War of 1915 was one of the largest military operations on the Eastern Front in terms of scale, duration, the number of troops involved in it and the losses of the parties.
First Battle of Przasnysz was a battle between Imperial German Army and Russian troops which took place between 7–28 February 1915, on the Eastern Front during World War I.
The offensive of the Russian armies in October 1914 with the aim of capturing East Prussia after in Battle of Augustów (1914).
The 9th German Army acted versus the Russian armies west of the Vistula River. After the completion of the fighting at Humin and Wola Szydłowska, there was some calm in this sector, especially before the Russian 2nd Army. But, having received the task of pinning down the Russian troops here, the commander of the German 9th Army, General of the Cavalry August von Mackensen, decided by going on the offensive not only to help the Austro-Hungarian troops in the Carpathians, but, if successful, push back Russian 5th Army to Warsaw.
The Second Brusilov offensive took place in July–August 1916 on the Eastern Front during the First World War. As a result of the First Brusilov offensive in May–June 1916, the Imperial Russian army defeated the Austro-Hungarian troops and captured a large number of prisoners. But Imperial German army came to the aid of its ally. In July 1916, all Austro-Hungarian troops were subordinated to Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff and Hindenburg became commander-in-chief of the entire Eastern Front. The weakest sections of the Austro-Hungarian front were reinforced by German divisions, and most importantly, in the direction of the impending main attack of the Russian Southwestern Front, the defense was mainly occupied by German troops. The offensive was ambiguous, in central Galicia and on the Dniester, the Russians achieved decisive results, but the attacks on Kovel failed. At the same time, the Russians practically stopped losing soldiers captured and killed, but the central powers suffered losses mostly irretrievably.
Battle of Syniava ; The operation of the Russian army during the offensive of the central powers in Galicia. The operation was carried out in order to divert the attention of the Austro-Hungarian command from Przemysl, which was under threat of capture, despite a decisive tactical victory and a large advance deep into the territory, it was not possible to distract the enemy's attention.
Battle of the San river, also known as the Second Battle of Galicia was a Russian defensive operation in Galicia in the autumn of 1914. It ended with a Russian victory. The battle was fought in parallel with the offensive in Poland and East Prussia.
The Battle of the Strypa or Operation on the Strypa was a Russian offensive from December 27 [O.S. December 14] 1915 to January 26 [O.S. January 13] 1916, in Galicia, near the Strypa River. It ended with the victory of the Central Powers.