Elián González Brotons is a Cuban industrial engineer and politician who,as a young child,became embroiled in an international custody and immigration controversy in 2000 involving the governments of Cuba and the United States,his father Juan Miguel González Quintana,his other relatives in Cuba and in Miami,and Miami's Cuban community.
The United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was an agency of the U.S. Department of Labor from 1933 to 1940 and the U.S. Department of Justice from 1940 to 2003.
The United States secretary of homeland security is the head of the United States Department of Homeland Security,the federal department tasked with ensuring public safety in the United States. The secretary is a member of the Cabinet of the United States. The position was created by the Homeland Security Act following the attacks of September 11,2001.
Janet Ann Napolitano is an American politician,lawyer,and academic administrator. She served as president of the University of California from 2013 to 2020,on the faculty at the Goldman School of Public Policy at the University of California,Berkeley since 2015,the United States secretary of homeland security from 2009 to 2013,and the governor of Arizona from 2003 to 2009.
The Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) is a program within U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement,which is under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security,to manage foreign students and exchange visitors in the United States through the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS). The SEVP encompasses the F status,J status,and M status. The exchange visitor part of the program is managed by the U.S. Department of State,although the SEVIS system is maintained by ICE.
California Proposition 187 was a 1994 ballot initiative to establish a state-run citizenship screening system and prohibit illegal immigrants from using non-emergency health care,public education,and other services in the State of California. Voters passed the proposed law at a referendum on November 8,1994. The law was challenged in a legal suit the day after its passage,and found unconstitutional by a federal district court on November 11. In 1999,Governor Gray Davis halted state appeals of this ruling.
The White House Fellows program is a non-partisan federal fellowship established via executive order by President Lyndon B. Johnson in October 1964. The fellowship is one of America’s most prestigious programs for leadership and public service,offering exceptional Americans first-hand experience working at the highest levels of the federal government. The fellowship was founded based upon a suggestion from John W. Gardner,then the president of Carnegie Corporation and later the sixth secretary of health,education,and welfare.
The United States Customs Service was a federal law enforcement agency of the U.S. federal government. Established on July 31,1789,it collected import tariffs,performed other selected border security duties,as well as conducted criminal investigations.
Thomas Alexander Aleinikoff is Director of the Zolberg Institute on Migration and Mobility at The New School in New York City. He was a law professor and dean at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington,D.C. He served,from 2010 to 2015,as the Deputy High Commissioner in the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva,Switzerland. He was most recently a visiting professor of law and Huo Global Policy Initiative Research Fellow,Columbia Global Policy Initiative.
Operation Wetback was an immigration law enforcement initiative created by Joseph Swing,the Director of the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). The program was implemented in June 1954 by U.S. Attorney General Herbert Brownell. The short-lived operation used military-style tactics to remove Mexican immigrants—some of them American citizens—from the United States. Though millions of Mexicans had legally entered the country through joint immigration programs in the first half of the 20th century and some who were naturalized citizens who were once native,Operation Wetback was designed to send them to Mexico.
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that administers the country's naturalization and immigration system. It is a successor to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS),which was dissolved by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and replaced by three components within the DHS:USCIS,Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE),and Customs and Border Protection (CBP).
The Migration Policy Institute (MPI) is an American liberal think tank established in 2001 by Kathleen Newland and Demetrios G. Papademetriou. The Migration Policy Institute is supportive of liberal immigration policies.
Operation Gatekeeper was a measure implemented during the presidency of Bill Clinton by the United States Border Patrol,aimed at halting illegal immigration to the United States at the United States–Mexico border near San Diego,California. According to the INS,the goal of Gatekeeper was "to restore integrity and safety to the nation's busiest border."
The Office of Immigration Statistics (OIS) is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security under the Office of Strategy,Policy,and Plans.
Reno v. Flores,507 U.S. 292 (1993),was a Supreme Court of the United States case that addressed the detention and release of unaccompanied minors.
A. J. Irwin is a former federal agent who performed covert operations domestically and throughout Latin America and the Caribbean,resulting in the prosecution and dismantling of criminal organizations involving alien smuggling,narcotics trafficking,weapons trafficking and other illicit activities. Additionally,he managed anti-terrorism and anti-smuggling enforcement operations for the Department of Homeland Security for the central corridor of the U.S. He is currently the managing director of Investigations for Yarbrough Strategic Advisors (YSA) in Dallas,Texas.
Operation Seek and Keep was a year-long United States Immigration and Naturalization Service covert investigation that in 1998 resulted in the breaking of an international alien smuggling and money-laundering ring that brought in an estimated 12,000 illegal aliens from India and elsewhere to the United States.
Kathleen Newland is co-founder and Board of Trustees member of the Migration Policy Institute (MPI),a think tank located in the United States and focused on the study of migration policy worldwide. She is also the director of the Migration,Migrants,and Development Program there and also leads the refugee protection work at MPI.
Alan C. Nelson (1933-1997) was a Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) under the administration of then United States President Ronald Reagan,and co-author of the original proposal behind California Proposition 187.
Family Fairness was a program run by the Immigration and Naturalization Services in the United States from late 1987 to late 1990. The initial version was introduced in late 1987 by then INS Commissioner Alan C. Nelson,working under then Attorney General Edwin Meese and then President Ronald Reagan. An expansion of the program was introduced in early 1990 by INS Commissioner Gene McNary working under then Attorney General Dick Thornburgh and then United States President George H. W. Bush. The program was created through executive action,in order to meet the problem of "split-eligibility" families created by the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986,pending legislation that would address the issue. The Immigration Act of 1990 replaced it with a legislatively sanctioned Family Unity Program,that continues to be in force today.
