 | This article needs additional citations for verification .(November 2018) |
Dorje Tseten (Tibetan : རྡོ་རྗེ་ཚེ་བརྟན་, Wylie : rdo rje tshe brtan, ZYPY : Doje Cedain), also Duojie Caidan (多傑才旦); November 1926, Huangzhong - July 6, 2013, Beijing) is a scholar, historian and Chinese politician of Tibetan ethnicity. [1] [2] He was chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) before becoming the first director of the China Tibetology Research Center. [2]
Tseten was born in November 1926 in Huangzhong County, Qinhai Province.
In September 1948, Tseten graduated from Beijing Normal University with a degree in education. [1]
He was one of the few Tibetan communists, a group of scientists and teachers, who were sent to Tibet to extol the benefits of Marxism-Leninism. The group arrived Chamdo early in the winter of 1951. [3]
On 28 March 1959, he was appointed as a member of the preparatory committee for establishing the TAR. During the Cultural Revolution, he went into hiding. [4]
In 1981, he became Vice President of the People's Congress of the TAR. From March 1983 to June 1985, he was one of the secretaries of the Communist Party in Tibet. From April 1983 to 1985, he was chairman of the People's Committee of TAR. [5]
In 1986, he was removed from his post in Tibet, following a change in the Communist Party's position on Tibet after the 1987-1989 protests. He was appointed as the director of China Tibetology Research Center in Beijing, and he remained in this position until 2000.
He retired in April 2004, at the age of 78.
He died on 6 July 2013 in Beijing. [1]
In 1991, he published his book on education in Tibet, describing Tibetan language education as a crucial issue given "strong differences of opinion". [6] He attributed the absence of Tibetan education during the Cultural Revolution to the rapid expansion of education, the shortage of teachers and textbooks, and the influence of leftist ideology. [6] It emphasized the importance of Tibetan in the development of education and economy.
He reported that in a 1982 pilot project in three high schools in Lhasa, Gyantse, and Lhokha to compare the respective merits of Tibetan vs Chinese, classes taught in Tibetan at Gyantsé averaged twice as many exam marks as the classes taught in Chinese. The project was discontinued due to lack of books, qualified teachers and mismanagement. He recommended that Chinese not be taught in primary schools in rural areas and the use of Tibetan in education gradually be applied to middle school. [6]
The Panchen Lama is a tulku of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. The Panchen Lama is one of the most important figures in the Gelug tradition, with its spiritual authority second only to the Dalai Lama. Along with the council of high lamas, he is in charge of seeking out the next Dalai Lama. Panchen is a portmanteau of Pandita and Chenpo, meaning "great scholar".
Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen was the tenth Panchen Lama, officially the 10th Panchen Erdeni, of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. According to Tibetan Buddhism, Panchen Lamas are living emanations of the buddha Amitabha. He was often referred to simply as Choekyi Gyaltsen.
Gyantse, officially Gyangzê Town, is a town located in Gyantse County, Shigatse Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. It was historically considered the third largest and most prominent town in the Tibet region, but there are now at least ten larger Tibetan cities.
Nyêmo is a county in the Lhasa west of the main center of Chengguan, Tibet. It lies on the north bank of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, the northern part of the Brahmaputra. The county has an area of 3,276 square kilometres (1,265 sq mi), and as of 2011 had a population of 30,844 people, mostly engaged in agriculture or herding.
The history of Tibet from 1950 to the present includes the Chinese invasion of Tibet in 1950, and the Battle of Chamdo. Before then, Tibet had been a de facto independent nation. In 1951, Tibetan representatives in Beijing signed the Seventeen Point Agreement under duress, which affirmed China's sovereignty over Tibet while it simultaneously supported the establishment of an autonomous administration which would be led by Tibet's spiritual leader, and then-political leader, the 14th Dalai Lama. During the 1959 Tibetan uprising, when Tibetans attempted to prevent his possible assassination, the Dalai Lama escaped from Tibet and moved to northern India, where he established the Central Tibetan Administration, which rescinded the Seventeen Point Agreement. The majority of Tibet's land mass, including all of U-Tsang and areas of Kham and Amdo, was officially established as the Tibet Autonomous Region, within China, in 1965.
Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme was a Tibetan senior official who assumed various military and political responsibilities both before and after 1951 in Tibet. He is often known simply as Ngapo in English sources.
The Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, formerly called Central University for Tibetan Studies (CUTS), is a Deemed University founded in Sarnath, Varanasi, India, in 1967, as an autonomous organisation under Union Ministry of Culture. The CIHTS was founded by Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru in consultation with Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, with the aim of educating Tibetan youths in exile and Himalayan border students as well as with the aim of retranslating lost Indo-Buddhist Sanskrit texts that now existed only in Tibetan, into Sanskrit, to Hindi, and other modern Indian languages.
Lhalu Tsewang Dorje commonly known as Lhalu, Lhalu Se, or Lhalu Shape, was a Tibetan aristocrat and politician who held a variety of positions in various Tibetan governments before and after 1951.
The sinicization of Tibet includes the programs and laws of the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to force cultural assimilation in Tibetan areas of China, including the Tibet Autonomous Region and the surrounding Tibetan-designated autonomous areas. The efforts are undertaken by China in order to remake Tibetan culture into mainstream Chinese culture.
Rinpungpa was a Tibetan dynastic regime that dominated much of Western Tibet between 1435 and 1565. During one period around 1500 the Rinpungpa lords came close to assembling the Tibetan lands around the Yarlung Tsangpo River under one authority, but their powers receded after 1512.
Tsangpa was a dynasty that dominated large parts of Tibet from 1565 to 1642. It was the last Tibetan royal dynasty to rule in their own name. The regime was founded by Karma Tseten, a low-born retainer of the prince of the Rinpungpa dynasty and governor of Samdrubtsé in Tsang since 1548.
Tseten Dolma is a Tibetan soprano. She was born August 1, 1937, to a serf family in Shigatse, Tibet. Tseten was influenced by Tibetan folk music from a very young age, and first performed on stage in 1956. She is known for starring in the 1965 musical epic The East Is Red.
Gyantse Dzong or Gyantse Fortress is one of the best preserved dzongs in Tibet, perched high above the town of Gyantse on a huge spur of grey brown rock.
Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai is the 11th Qamdo Pagbalha Hutuktu of Tibetan Buddhism and a politician of the People's Republic of China. He is a Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), and the Honorary President of the Buddhist Association of China. He also formerly served as a Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress, Vice Chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region, and Vice President of the Buddhist Association of China. As a Tibetan tulku, he is notable for his willingness to work in the Chinese government, except during the Cultural Revolution.
Basang or Pasang is a retired Tibetan politician of the People's Republic of China. A former slave, she joined the People's Liberation Army and rose to prominence during the Cultural Revolution, when she became Vice-Chairwoman of the Revolutionary Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). She was a member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party for 14 years and was the only woman leader in the TAR government from 1979 to 2002.
The 70,000 Character Petition is a report, dated 18 May 1962, written by the Tenth Panchen Lama and addressed to the Chinese government, denouncing abusive policies and actions of the People's Republic of China in Tibet. It remains the "most detailed and informed attack on China's policies in Tibet that would ever be written."
Chapel Tseten Puntsok was a Tibetan historian, author and politician. He was one of the leading figures in Tibetan history research in China.
Sampho Tsewang Rigzin (1904–1973) was a Tibetan politician and soldier. After the annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China in 1951, he joined the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Liberation Army, attaining the rank of major general (shaojiang) in the latter. He served as a Kalön of the Tibetan Kashag from 1957 to 1959. He was later purged by Chinese officials during the Cultural Revolution and publicly humiliated in a struggle session.
Yangling Dorje is a Chinese politician of Tibetan ethnicity who served as chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Regional Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1983 to 1986 and vice chairman of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1986 to 1998.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)