Related Research Articles
AD 23 (XXIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time,it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Pollio and Vetus. The denomination AD 23 for this year has been used since the early medieval period,when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Cleopatra VII Philopator was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC,and its last active ruler. A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty,she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter,a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great. After the death of Cleopatra,Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire,marking the end of the last Hellenistic state in the Mediterranean and of the age that had lasted since the reign of Alexander. Although her first language was Koine Greek,she was the only Ptolemaic ruler to learn and use the Egyptian language.
Juba II or Juba of Mauretania was the son of Juba I and client king of Numidia and Mauretania. Aside from his very successful reign,he was a highly respected scholar and author. His first wife was Cleopatra Selene II,daughter of Queen Cleopatra VII of Ptolemaic Egypt and Roman Triumvir Mark Antony.
Ptolemy XV Caesar,nicknamed Caesarion,was the last pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt,reigning with his mother Cleopatra from 2 September 44 BC until her death by 12 August 30 BC,then as sole ruler until his death was ordered by Octavian.
Peter Morris Green is a British classical scholar and novelist noted for his works on the Greco-Persian Wars,Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age of ancient history,generally regarded as spanning the era from the death of Alexander in 323 BC up to either the date of the Battle of Actium or the death of Augustus in 14 AD. Green's most famous books are Alexander of Macedon, a historical biography first issued in 1970,then in a revised and expanded edition in 1974,which was first published in the United States in 1991;his Alexander to Actium,a general account of the Hellenistic Age,and other works. He is the author of a translation of the Satires of the Roman poet Juvenal,now in its third edition. He has also contributed poems to many journals,including to Arion and the Southern Humanities Review.
Ernst Badian was an Austrian-born classical scholar who served as a professor at Harvard University from 1971 to 1998.
Richard John Alexander Talbert is a British-American contemporary ancient historian and classicist on the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,where he is William Rand Kenan,Jr.,Professor of Ancient History and Classics. Talbert is a leading scholar of ancient geography and the idea of space in the ancient Mediterranean world.
Frank M. Snowden Jr.,was an American historian and classicist,best known for his study of black people in classical antiquity. He was a Distinguished Professor emeritus of classics at Howard University.
Anthony Arthur Long FBA is a British-American classical scholar who is the Chancellor's Professor Emeritus of Classics,Irving Stone Professor of Literature Emeritus,and Affiliated Professor of Philosophy and Rhetoric at the University of California,Berkeley.
William Vernon Harris was the William R. Shepherd Professor of History at Columbia University until December 2017. He is the author of numerous groundbreaking monographs on the Greco-Roman world,he is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts &Sciences,and he was awarded the Distinguished Achievement Award by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation in 2008.
The death of Cleopatra VII,the last ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt,occurred on either 10 or 12 August,30 BC,in Alexandria,when she was 39 years old. According to popular belief,Cleopatra killed herself by allowing an asp to bite her,but for the Roman-era writers Strabo,Plutarch,and Cassius Dio,Cleopatra poisoned herself using either a toxic ointment or by introducing the poison with a sharp implement such as a hairpin. Modern scholars debate the validity of ancient reports involving snakebites as the cause of death and if she was murdered or not. Some academics hypothesize that her Roman political rival Octavian forced her to kill herself in a manner of her choosing. The location of Cleopatra's tomb is unknown. It was recorded that Octavian allowed for her and her husband,the Roman politician and general Mark Antony,who stabbed himself with a sword,to be buried together properly.
Sarah Iles Johnston is an American academic working at Ohio State University. She is primarily known for her research into ancient Greek myths and religion,focusing on how myths helped to create and sustain belief in the gods;ancient ideas about what happened to the soul after death and how the dead and the living could interact;magic;and divination. Especially in her later work,she includes comparisons between ancient Greek ideas and practices and those of other cultures,both Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean. She also studies ghost stories from 1830s to present day,attempting to understand why they frighten and how this interlinks with religious belief.
Malichus I or Malchos I was a king of Nabataea who reigned from 59 to 30 BC.
The early life of Cleopatra VII of Ptolemaic Egypt began with her birth in early 69 BC to reigning pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes and her unknown mother,and lasted until her accession to the throne by March 51 BC. During her early childhood,Cleopatra was brought up in the palace of Alexandria in Egypt and received a primarily-Hellenistic Greek education from her tutor,Philostratus,who was a scholar in the well known library of Alexandria. By adulthood she was well-versed in many languages,including Egyptian,Ethiopian,Hebrew,Arabic,Median,Parthian,Latin,and her native Koine Greek.
The reign of Cleopatra VII of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt began with the death of her father,Ptolemy XII Auletes,by March 51 BC. It ended with her suicide in August 30 BC,which also marked the conclusion of the Hellenistic period and the annexation of Egypt into a Roman province. In the style of her Greek predecessors,Cleopatra reigned over Egypt and other territories as an absolute monarch,although the Roman Republic frequently interfered in its internal affairs. Her personal rule of Egypt was characterized by a continued reliance on agriculture,extensive trade and conflict with other states,the tackling of corruption,strategic management of the bureaucracy,and ambitious building projects.
Gongylos,from Eretria in Euboea,was a 5th-century Greek statesman who served as an intermediary between the Spartans and Xerxes I of the Achaemenid Empire,and was a supporter of the latter.
Prokles was a descendant of the exiled Spartan king Demaratus,and ruler of Pergamon in Asia Minor under the Achaemenid Empire. He was a brother of Eurysthenes,with whom he was a joint ruler.
Aba was a Tyrant ruler of the state of Olba in Ancient Anatolia.
Sarah B. Pomeroy is an American Professor of Classics.
The race of Cleopatra VII,the last active Hellenistic ruler of the Macedonian-led Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt,has caused some debate in some circles. Scholars have concluded that she was largely of Macedonian Greek ancestry,but others have wondered whether she had additional ancestries.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Arts and Sciences Web Services (2018). "Duane W. Roller: Professor Emeritus, Emeriti." Department of Classics, Ohio State University. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
- 1 2 3 Hindley, Meredith (July–August 2010). "Impertinent Questions with Duane W. Roller." Magazine of the National Endowment for the Humanities , Volume 31, Number 4. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Duane W. Roller, Professor Emeritus of Classics." Office of Academic Affairs, Ohio State University. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
- 1 2 "The Building Program of Herod the Great." University of California Press. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
- ↑ Simmons, Tracy Lee (April 1, 2010). "As I Am Egypt’s Queen." The New York Times . Retrieved 12 April 2018.
