| Duathathor-Henuttawy | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King's Daughter Foremost Singer of Amun Lady of the Two Lands | |||||
 Duathathor-Henuttawy from her book of dead | |||||
| Burial | Reburied in DB320 | ||||
| Spouse | Pinedjem I | ||||
| Issue | Psusennes I Mutnedjmet Maatkare Henuttawy? Masaharta? Djedkhonsuefankh? Menkheperre? | ||||
| Egyptian name |
| ||||
| Dynasty | 20th dynasty | ||||
| Father | Probably Ramesses XI | ||||
| Mother | Tentamun | ||||
Duathathor-Henuttawy, Henuttawy or Henttawy("Adorer of Hathor; Mistress of the Two Lands") was an ancient Egyptian princess and later queen.
Henuttawy is likely to have been the daughter of Ramesses XI, last king of the 20th dynasty [1] by Tentamun. [2] [3]
The placement of Henuttawy in the royal families of the late 20th dynasty and the early 21st dynasty is not entirely clear and open to interpretation. Duathathor-Henuttawy held several titles, including King's Daughter; King's Wife; King's Mother; Lady of the Two Lands; Mistress of the Two Lands; Daughter of the Great Royal Wife; Foremost Singer of Amun; Mother of the Great Royal Wife; Mother of the High Priest of Amun; Mother of Generalissimo. [1]
Edward F. Wente had conjectured that Henuttawy was the daughter of Smendes and Queen Tentamun , the wife of Pinudjem I and the mother of King Psusennes and his wife, Mutnodjmet, The High Priest of Amun Menkheperre, the Generalissimo of the South and North, Menkheperre, and God's Wife of Amun Maatkare. Kenneth Kitchen had conjectured there were two women called Henuttawy during the period to explain some of the titles associated with the name Henuttawy. [4]
Wente had shown that Henuttawy was the wife of Pinedjem I, the Theban High Priest of Amun who was de facto ruler of Upper Egypt and took on pharaonic titles later on. [4] [5]
The titles attested for Henuttawy helps us identify which of Pinedjem's children were hers: Psusennes I, who went on to become pharaoh in Tanis; his wife Mutnedjmet; and Maatkare, who became God's Wife of Amun. It is likely she was also the mother of Henuttawy who is depicted along with Maatkare and Mutnedjmet in Karnak. [6] It is more difficult to identify the high priest referred to in her titles: three of Pinedjem's sons, Masaharta, Djedkhonsuefankh and Menkheperre became high priests, and one, two, or all three of them could have been Duathathor-Henuttawy's son. [7]
Niwiński conjectured that Henuttawy was the daughter of Ramesses XI and Tentamun. [4] Dodson recognizes two queens named Tentamun. One is the wife of Ramesses XI and the mother of Henuttawy. This queen is mentioned in the funerary papyrus of Queen Hennutawy. Another queen named Tentamun was presumably a daughter of Ramesses XI and possibly a full sister of Henuttawy, and she was married to Smendes. The latter Tentamun is mentioned in the Story of Wenamun. [8]
She is mentioned before her husband's ascendence to the throne on a chalice found in Tanis, on a door lintel and on a relief in the Khonsu temple in the Karnak temple complex. Even here she is mentioned as a queen, with her name written in a cartouche. Later she is also mentioned on a stela in Coptos, in Mut's temple in Karnak and on several objects found in her son's tomb in Tanis. She is depicted on the facade of the Khonsu temple in Karnak. [9]
Her mummy and coffins were found in the DB320 cache along with those of several members of her immediate family. [1] [3] She was buried elsewhere before being moved to the cache, but the original place of burial is not known. [3]
Henuttawy's mummy was found in a set of two wooden coffins. The coffins must have been covered in gold, but all of the gold had been adzed off. They are now in the Egyptian Museum of Cairo. The mummy was damaged by tomb robbers. In the search for the heart scarab the main part of the chest area had been penetrated. [3] Packing linen under a subject's skin had become common practice in 20th Dynasty mummification, but had caused the flesh on the face of Lady Henuttawy to burst open. The face was restored after discovery. [1]
Auguste Mariette purchased two large funerary papyrus rolls that are thought to have belonged to Queen Henuttawy. [3]
Herihor was an Egyptian army officer and High Priest of Amun at Thebes during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses XI.
Pinedjem I was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 1070 to 1032 BC and the de facto ruler of the south of the country from 1054 BC. He was the son of the High Priest Piankh. However, many Egyptologists today believe that the succession in the Amun priesthood actually ran from Piankh to Herihor to Pinedjem I.
Menkheperre, son of Pinedjem I by wife Duathathor-Henuttawy, was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes in ancient Egypt from 1045 BC to 992 BC and de facto ruler of the south of the country.
Psusennes I was the third pharaoh of the 21st Dynasty who ruled from Tanis between 1047 and 1001 BC. Psusennes is the Greek version of his original name Pasibkhanu or Pasebakhaenniut, which means "The Star Appearing in the City" while his throne name, Akheperre Setepenamun, translates as "Great are the Manifestations of Ra, chosen of Amun." He was the son of Pinedjem I and Henuttawy, Ramesses XI's daughter by Tentamun. He married his sister Mutnedjmet.
Hedjkheperre Setepenre Smendes was the founder of the Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt and succeeded to the throne after burying Ramesses XI in Lower Egypt – territory which he controlled. His Egyptian nomen or birth name was actually Nesbanebdjed meaning "He of the Ram, Lord of Mendes", but it was translated into Greek as Smendes by later classical writers such as Josephus and Sextus Africanus. According to the Story of Wenamun from c. 1000 BC, Smendes was a governor of Lower Egypt during the Era of the Renaissance under the reign of Ramesses XI, however, Egyptologists have questioned the historical accuracy of this story.
Masaharta or Masaherta was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes between 1054 and 1045 BC.
Pinedjem II was a High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 990 BC to 969 BC and was the de facto ruler of the south of the country. He was married to his full sister Isetemkheb D (both children of Menkheperre, the High Priest of Amun at Thebes, by Isetemkheb III, hence both nephew, niece and grandchildren of Psusennes I and also to his niece Nesikhons, the daughter of his brother Smendes II. He succeeded Smendes II, who had a short rule.
Smendes II was a High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt. He briefly governed from about 992 to 990 BC.
The High Priest of Amun or First Prophet of Amun was the highest-ranking priest in the priesthood of the ancient Egyptian god Amun. The first high priests of Amun appear in the New Kingdom of Egypt, at the beginning of the Eighteenth Dynasty.
Neskhons, once more commonly known as “Nsikhonsou”, was a noble lady of the 21st Dynasty of Egypt.
Henuttawy is the name of several royal ladies from Ancient Egypt.
Tentamun(“she of Amun”) was an ancient Egyptian queen, most likely the wife of Ramesses XI, last ruler of the 20th Dynasty. She is mentioned on the funerary papyrus of her daughter Duathathor-Henuttawy, who was the wife of Pinedjem I and probably the daughter of Ramesses XI. Tentamun's name is written in a cartouche.
Tentamun(“she of Amun”) was an ancient Egyptian queen. She is likely to have been the daughter of Ramesses XI, last ruler of the 20th Dynasty. Her mother may have been another Tentamun, who was the mother of Ramesses's other daughter, Duathathor-Henttawy.
Henuttawy B(“Lady of the Two Lands”) was an ancient Egyptian princess of the 21st Dynasty. Her father was Pinedjem I, High Priest of Amun and de facto ruler of Southern Egypt, her mother was Duathathor-Henuttawy, a daughter of Ramesses XI. She is depicted in the Luxor temple with her father and two sisters, Maatkare and Mutnedjmet. She was a Singer of Amun and Flautist of Mut.
Henuttawy D was an ancient Egyptian high priestess, a God's Wife of Amun, during the 21st Dynasty.
Maatkare(Mutemhat) was an ancient Egyptian high priestess, a God's Wife of Amun during the 21st Dynasty.
Mutnedjmet was an ancient Egyptian queen of the 21st Dynasty. She was the Great Royal Wife of her brother, Psusennes I.
Isetemkheb D was the sister-wife of the Theban High Priest of Amun Pinedjem II during the Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt.
Nodjmet, Nedjmet, or Notmit was an ancient Egyptian noblewoman of the late 20th-early 21st dynasties of Egypt, mainly known for being the wife of High Priest of Amun at Thebes, Herihor.
Henuttawy or Henettawy, was an ancient Egyptian princess and priestess during the 21st Dynasty.
