Mutnedjmet (21st dynasty)

Mutnedjmet
Great Royal Wife
Burial	NRT III, Tanis
Spouse	Psusennes I
Issue	Amenemope (?)
Dynasty	21st Dynasty
Father	Pinedjem I
Mother	Duathathor-Henuttawy

Mutnedjmet [1] in hieroglyphs
Era: 3rd Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)

Mutnedjmet was an ancient Egyptian queen of the 21st Dynasty. She was the Great Royal Wife of her brother, Psusennes I.

Family

Parents and Siblings

She was the daughter of High Priest of Amun Pinedjem I, who was the de facto ruler of Southern Egypt from 1070 BCE onwards, then proclaimed himself pharaoh in 1054 BCE. Her mother was Duathathor-Henuttawy, a daughter of Ramesses XI, last ruler of the 20th dynasty. Three of her brothers succeeded each other as High Priests of Amun and a sister, Maatkare became God's Wife of Amun. ^[2]

Marriage and Children

It is generally assumed that she was the mother of Pharaoh Amenemope but, since genealogical evidence is lacking, this is primarily based on the fact that he succeeded to the throne. ^[3] That she was the mother of the Crown Prince Ramesses-Ankhefenmut ^{[4] [5]} has been challenged and now seems unlikely. ^[6]

Her titles were: King's Daughter of His Body; King's Sister; Great Royal Wife; Lady of the Two Lands; Second Prophet of Amun in Tanis. ^[4]

Death

Burial

She was buried in the tomb of her husband at Tanis, in a burial chamber parallel to his. Her burial chamber was later usurped by king Amenemope, but her name and some of her titles survived, mainly on the side of the sarcophagus which was turned to the wall. ^[7] Pierre Montet believes that a depiction of Mutnedjmet on the wall of the burial chamber may have been usurped and reworked into a goddess when turning the scene into a depiction of Amenemope turned out to be too much work. ^[8]

Mummy

The present whereabouts of her mummy remain unknown, but around 1980 some bronze ushabtis of her have surfaced on the antiquities market which suggests that her alternative burial (or a deposit of funerary equipment) may have been discovered. ^[9] Several burial items are now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. ^[4]

Bibliography

• G.T. Martin, On some Shabtis of Mutnodjmet, wife of Psusennes I, in: BSEG 7 (1982), 73-77.
• P. Montet, La Nécropole Royale de Tanis à la Fin de 1945, in: ASAE 46 (1947), 311-322.
• P. Montet, Les Constructions et le Tombeau de Psousennès à Tanis, Paris (1951). La Nécropole de Tanis II.

Sources

1. Grajetzki, Wolfram. Ancient Egyptian Queens: A Hieroglyphic Dictionary. London: Golden House Publications. ISBN   0-9547218-9-6 (2005), p. 80.
2. Dodson & Hilton, p. 206.
3. Kitchen, K., The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC). [1972]. 2nd ed. (1996). 3rd ed. Warminster: Aris & Phillips Limited, 1998, §221, p. 264. ISBN   0856682985.
4. Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan (2004). The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN   0-500-05128-3., p. 207.
5. K. Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC). [1972]. 2nd ed. (1996). 3rd ed. Warminster: Aris & Phillips Limited, 1998, §221, p. 264.
6. Jansen-Winkeln, K., Der Majordomus des Amun Anchefenmut, in: Discussions in Egyptology 38 (1997), pp. 29-36.
7. Montet, P., La Nécropole Royale de Tanis à la Fin de 1945, in: ASAE 46 (1947), p. 312. (in French).
8. Montet, P., Les Constructions et le Tombeau de Psousennès à Tanis, Paris (1951). La Nécropole de Tanis II, 159-160 with plate CXXVI. (in French).
9. G.T. Martin, On some Shabtis of Mutnodjmet, wife of Psusennes I, in: BSEG 7 (1982), pp. 73-77.