List of ancient Egyptian royal consorts

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This is a list of known royal consorts of ancient Egypt from c.3100 BC to 30 BC. Reign dates follow those included on the list of Pharaohs page. Some information is debatable and interpretations of available evidence can vary between Egyptologists.

Contents

Background

Nefertari, wife of Ramesses II Maler der Grabkammer der Nefertari 004.jpg
Nefertari, wife of Ramesses II
Hatshepsut, wife of Thutmose II and later Pharaoh in her own right Hatshepsut-CollosalGraniteSphinx02 MetropolitanMuseum.png
Hatshepsut, wife of Thutmose II and later Pharaoh in her own right
Ahmose-Nefertari, wife of Ahmose Standing figure of Ahmose-Nefertari, 19th Dynasty, c. 1200 BCE. From Egypt. Neues Museum.jpg
Ahmose–Nefertari, wife of Ahmose
Ankhesenpepi II with her son Pepi II WLA brooklynmuseum Statuette of Queen Ankhnesmeryre II.jpg
Ankhesenpepi II with her son Pepi II

The Pharaoh's wives played an important role both in public and private life, and would be a source of political and religious power. [1] Pharaohs usually had many different wives, so that a successor could be guaranteed to succeed him. If a queen succeeded in producing an heir that inherited the throne, she would reach a position of great honour as King's Mother and may be able to rule Egypt on behalf of her son as regent if he was underage. [1] While there are many known cases of kings marrying their sisters, there were also wives of non–royal birth, such as Tiye and Nefertiti. [2] Kings such as Amenhotep III and Ramesses II are known to have married some of their daughters, though it is possible these marriages were symbolic and ceremonial rather than incestuous. [3] Apart from the chief consort, the Pharaoh would have many wives in the harem, who could be foreign–born princesses or lower–ranking Egyptian women who had little impact on politics. [4]

While women did occasionally rule as Pharaohs, they generally did not rule while married except during the Ptolemaic period. Thus, male consorts never existed during the time of the native Egyptian royal dynasties, and only Berenice IV and Cleopatra VII are listed as having male consorts who did not rule as Pharaohs.

List of female rulers and co–rulers

Most Queens included on this page did not rule as Pharaohs. However, some did rule in their own right following the deaths of their husbands. Four Queens from the Native Egyptian dynasties are known for certain to have ruled as Female Pharaohs:

  1. Sobekneferu (c. 1806–1802 BC) (Possibly wife of Amenemhat IV)
  2. Hatshepsut (c. 1479–1458 BC) (Wife of Thutmose II)
  3. Neferneferuaten (c. 1334–1332 BC) (Wife of either Akhenaten or Smenkhare depending on her identity)
  4. Twosret (c. 1191–1189 BC) (Wife of Seti II)

There has also been some debate on whether certain Queen regents such as Neithotep, Merneith, Khentkaus I and Khentkaus II did rule as Female Pharaohs or not. However, there is yet to be any concrete evidence that they did. The legendary Queen Nitocris was supposedly a Pharaoh at the end of the Sixth Dynasty, but no archeological evidence supports her existence.

The Ptolemaic Dynasty implemented a policy of co–rule between spouses. Therefore, many Queens from this dynasty are not listed as consorts as they were co–rulers of Egypt while married to their husbands.

Women who were dating their regnal years in royal protocols (alongside their co–rulers or independently) and thus were unquestionable Pharaohs were: [5]

  1. Cleopatra II (170–164, 163–127, 124–116 BC) initially Queen consort, then Queen regnant alongside her brother–husband Ptolemy VI, her younger brother (later husband) Ptolemy VIII, her son Ptolemy VII, her daughter Cleopatra III and briefly her grandson Ptolemy IX. She was the sole ruler of Egypt from 131 to 127 BC, the first woman to do so since Twosret over a millennia before. She was also first known Ptolemaic queen included in dating protocols as ruler alongside her spouses, making her unquestionably queen in her own right.
  2. Cleopatra III (142–131, 127–101 BC) ruled alongside her uncle–husband Ptolemy VIII, her mother Cleopatra II, her eldest son Ptolemy IX, her daughter Cleopatra IV and her second eldest son Ptolemy X.
  3. Berenice III (101–88, 81–80 BC) ruled alongside her uncle–husband Ptolemy X, her father Ptolemy IX and her brother–husband Ptolemy XI. She briefly ruled by herself from 81 BC to 80 BC before she was murdered on the orders of Ptolemy XI.
  4. Cleopatra V (79–68 BC) ruled alongside her husband Ptolemy XII.
  5. Cleopatra VI (58–57 BC) ruled alongside her sister Berenice IV. However, some historians theorise she may actually be the same person as Cleopatra V.
  6. Berenice IV (58–55 BC) briefly ruled alongside her sister (or possibly mother) Cleopatra VI, but otherwise spent most of her reign as the sole ruler of Egypt.
  7. Cleopatra VII (51–30 BC) ruled alongside her brother–husband Ptolemy XIII, her second brother–husband Ptolemy XIV and her son Ptolemy XV.

Evidence of co–rulership in early dynasty is ambiguous. List of Ptolemaic queens who could be co–rulers with their husband includes:

  1. Arsinoe II (c. 277–270 BC) possibly [5] ruled alongside her brother–husband Ptolemy II. She is considered Pharaoh by Sally Ann Ashton. [6]
  2. Berenice II (c. 244–222 BC) possibly [a] ruled alongside her husband Ptolemy III.
  3. Arsinoe III (220–204 BC) possibly [b] ruled alongside her brother–husband Ptolemy IV.
  4. Cleopatra I (193–176 BC) possibly [c] ruled alongside her husband Ptolemy V and as a regent [d] on behalf of her son Ptolemy VI.

The claimant queen of Egypt Arsinoe IV (48–47 BC) declared herself Pharaoh in opposition to her sister Cleopatra VII.

List of regents

Occasionally when the new Pharaoh was too young to rule, his mother or step–mother would rule temporarily as a regent on his behalf. Because they did not hold the title of 'King' during their time in power, they are generally not included on Lists of Pharaohs. The following Queens are likely to have ruled as regents:

  1. Neithhotep possibly ruled on behalf of her son Hor–Aha (c. 3050 BC)
  2. Merneith ruled on behalf of her son Den (c. 2970 BC)
  3. Nimaathap possibly ruled on behalf of her son Djoser (c. 2670 BC)
  4. Khentkaus I likely ruled as a regent, but her son or sons are unknown.
  5. Khentkaus II possibly ruled as a regent for one of her sons (Neferefre or Nyuserre Ini).
  6. Iput I possibly ruled as a regent for her son Pepi I (c. 2332 BC)
  7. Ankhesenpepi II ruled as a regent for her son Pepi II (c. 2278 BC)
  8. Ahhotep I ruled as a regent for her son Ahmose I (c. 1550 BC)
  9. Ahmose–Nefertari ruled as a regent for her son Amenhotep I (c. 1541 BC)
  10. Hatshepsut initially ruled as a regent for her step–son Thutmose III (c. 1479 BC) before becoming Pharaoh and co–ruler.
  11. Mutemwiya ruled as a regent for her son Amenhotep III (c. 1388 BC)
  12. Twosret ruled as a regent for Siptah who could be her step–son (c. 1197 BC)

Predynastic Period

Dynasty "Zero" (Before c. 3100 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Ka–Neith––––––An inscription of the queen's name was found at el–Beda. [7]

Early Dynastic Period

First Dynasty (c. 3100–2890 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
BoneLabelQueenNeithhotep-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg Neithhotep Narmer [8] Local Naqada Royalty(?) [8] Hor–Aha [8] – Tomb of Neithhotep, Naqada [8] Possibly ruled as regent for her son Hor–Aha. [9]
Benerib.JPG Benerib Hor–Aha [8] –––– Umm el–Qa'ab Tomb B14 [10] –
Khenthap –– Djer [8] ––Only known from the Palermo Stone, no known contemporary sources mention her.
Herneith Djer [8] [11] [12] –– Djet (?) [13] – Saqqara Tomb S3507(?) [8] –
Nachtneith.png Nakhtneith –––– Umm el–Qa'ab Tomb O Complex [11] –
Djer2.png Penebui –––––May have died due to decapitation [12] but this is disputed.
Merneith stele.jpg Merneith Djet [8] Djer(?) [8] – Den [8] – Umm el–Qa'ab Tomb Y [8] Ruled as Regent for her son Den. [14]
Seshemetka Den(?) [15] –––––May have been a wife of Djer. [16]
Semat ––––––
Serethor ––––––
Betrest Anedjib(?) [11] –– Semerkhet [15] ––May have been a wife of Den. [17]

Second Dynasty (c. 2890–2686 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
QueenMenka.png
Menka Unknown, Khasekhemwy (?) [18] –––––Attested by a basalt relief fragment similar in appearance to one attributed to Khasekhemwy. [18]
Ni maat hap - metjen.jpg Nimaathap Khasekhemwy [8] –– Djoser [8]
Sekhemkhet (?)
Sanakht (?)		–Beit Khallaf (Tomb K1) (?) [8] May have ruled as regent for her son Djoser. [19]

Old Kingdom

Third Dynasty (c. 2686–2613 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Hetephernebti.png Hetephernebti Djoser [20] Khasekhemwy (?) [21] –– Inetkaes [21] Saqqara (?) [20] –
Djeseret-Anch-Nebti.png Djeseretnebti Sekhemkhet (?) [22] –––––Her status as queen is a matter of debate due to lack of royal titles found beside the name. [22]
Djefatnebti.png Djefatnebti Huni (?) [23] [24] ––––––
Meresankh I –– Sneferu [25] Hetepheres I (?) [20] ––

Fourth Dynasty (c. 2613–2494 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Reisner-hetepheres-fig30.jpg Hetepheres I Sneferu [20] Huni [25] Meresankh I (?) [20] Khufu [20] – Tomb G 7000X, Giza –
Meritites I Khufu [26] Sneferu [26] – Kawab [27]
Djedefre (?) [26] 		Hetepheres II [27] Pyramid G1–b [26] –
Henutsen Sneferu (?) [26] – Khafra (?), [26]
Khufukhaf I,
Minkhaf I 		– Pyramid G1–c [26] –
Khentetka-cropped.jpg Khentetka Djedefre [26] ––––––
MeresankhII-Sarcophagus MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png Meresankh II 1) Prince Horbaef
2) Djedefre or Khafra 		Khufu (?) Meritites I (?)With Horbaef:
Djaty
Nebty–tepites 		With Horbaef:
Nefertkau III 		––
Group of Hetepheres II and Meresankh III-30.1456-IMG 4560-white.jpg Hetepheres II 1) Prince Kawab [27]
2) Djedefre [27]
3) Khafra (?) [26] 		Khufu [27] Meritites I [27] With Kawab:
Duaenhor [27]
Kaemsekhem [27]
Mindjedef [27] 		With Kawab:
Meresankh III [26]
With Djedefre:
Neferhetepes 		Giza Tomb G7530–7540 [26] –
Group of Hetepheres II and Meresankh III-30.1456-IMG 4562-white.jpg Meresankh III Khafra [26] [28] Kawab [26] Hetepheres II [26] Nebemakhet [27]
Duaenre [27]
Niuserre [27]
Khenterka [27] 		Shepsetkau [27] –
Khamerernebty I Khufu (?)– Menkaure [29] Khamerernebty II [30] ––
Persenet – Nikaure [31] – Giza Tomb LG88 [32] –
Hekenuhedjet –– Sekhemkare [31] –––
King Menkaura (Mycerinus) and queen-2.jpg Khamerernebty II Menkaure [28] Khafre [28] [32] Khamerernebty I [28] Khuenre [28] – Giza Tomb G3a or Tomb G3b (?) [33] –
Rekhetre Menkaure (?)––– Giza Tomb G8530 [34] –
Bunefer Shepseskaf (?) [35] –––– Giza Tomb G8408Unclear whether she was a wife or daughter of Shepseskaf [36]

Fifth Dynasty (c. 2494–2345 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Khentkaus I 2.jpg Khentkaus I Userkaf (?) [37] [38] Menkaure (?) [39] –Previously believed to have been mother of Sahure and Neferirkare Kakai, [37] [38] but newer evidence contradicts this theory.– Pyramid of Khentkaus I There has been much debate around this queen's identity. She may have ruled as regent for one or more of her sons. [40] Alternatively, her titles suggest that she may have ruled as Pharaoh in her own right, but this is disputed. She may have been in fact a wife of Shepseskaf or the ephemeral Thamphthis rather than Userkaf. She may even be the same person as Thampthis but this is not a widely accepted theory. [41]
Neferhetepes Userkaf [42] –– Sahure [42] Meretnebty(?) [43] Pyramid complex of Queen Neferhetepes –
Meretnebty Sahure [44] Userkaf Neferhetepes (?) [43] Neferirkare Kakai [45]
Horemsaf (?) [38]
Netjerirenre (?) [38]
Khakare (?) [38]
Nebankhre (?), [38]
Shepseskare (?)		––Known in older studies as Neferethanebty [44]
Naprstek Museum - NM Prague 60.JPG Khentkaus II Neferirkare Kakai [37] –– Neferefre [44]
Nyuserre Ini [44] 		– Pyramid of Khentkaus II May have ruled as regent or as Pharaoh in her own right.
Khentkaus III Neferefre Neferirkare Kakai Khentkaus II [46] Menkauhor Kaiu [47] or Shepseskare(?) [48] – Giza Tomb AC 30 [49] –
Reptynub Nyuserre Ini [50] ––Reputnebty (?) [51]
Khentykauhor (?) [52] 		Khamerernebty [50] ––
Khuit I Menkauhor Kaiu (?) [16] [53] –––– Saqqara Mastaba D 14–
MeresankhIV.jpg Meresankh IV –– Raemka (?) [54]
Kaemtjenent (?) [54]
Isesi–ankh (?) [55] 		– Saqqara Tomb 82 [54] May have been a wife of Djedkare Isesi [56]
Setibhor
[57] 		Djedkare Isesi [57] –––– Pyramid of Setibhor –
Nebet Unas [53] ––Unas–ankh (?) [58] Khentkaues (?) [58]
Neferut (?) [58]
Nefertkaues (?) [58] 		Double Mastaba north–east of Pyramid of Unas [54] –
Khenut ––– Iput I (?)–
Nebunebty Unknown––––Mastaba D18, Saqqara [59] Possibly married to either Neferirkare Kakai, Neferefre, Shepseskare or Nyuserre Ini. [60]
Nimaathap II
[61] 		Unknown [61] ––––Mastaba in Giza [61] –

Sixth Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC)

PictureNameSpouse
FatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Iput I Teti [62] [63] Unas [62] Nebet or Khenut (?) [62] Pepi I [62] –Pyramid of Iput IPossibly ruled as regent for her son Pepi I. [62]
Khuit II –– Tetiankhkem [64] –Pyramid of Khuit–
Khentkaus IV
[63] 		–– Userkare (?) [63] –––
Naert
[65] 		–––– Tomb of Queen Naert Funerary temple discovered in 2021. [66]
Ankhesenpepi I Pepi I [62] Khui of Abydos [62] Nebet [62] Merenre Nemtyemsaf I [62] Neith [62] Saqqara [62] –
Statuette of Queen Ankhnes-meryre II and her Son, Pepy II, front view.jpg Ankhesenpepi II 1) Pepi I [62]
2) Merenre Nemtyemsaf I [16] 		With Merenre I:
Pepi II [16] 		– Pyramid Complex of Pepi I [67] [68] Ruled as regent for her son Pepi II. [62]
Nubwenet Pepi I [67] [69] –––––
Inenek–Inti –––––
Mehaa
[68] 		––Hornetjerkhet [68] ––
Nedjeftet ––––––
'Weret–Yamtes'–––––The real name of this queen is unknown, 'Weret–Yamtes' is an alias meaning 'Great of Sceptre'. [70] She is mentioned on inscriptions found in the tomb of an official named Weni, which state that she conspired against the king but was punished when her plans were discovered. [71]
Flickr - pyramidtextsonline - Behenu Sketch.jpg Benehu
[72] 		Pepi I or Pepi II [72] ––––Pyramid in South Saqqara [72] Burial discovered in 2010. [72]
Neith Pepi II [62] [73] [74] Pepi I [62] Ankhesenpepi I [62] Merenre Nemtyemsaf II [62] – Pyramid Complex of Pepi II [62] [73] –
Iput II ––––
Meritites IV Pyramid Complex of Pepi I [74] Was originally thought to be a consort of Pepi I, but later excavations proved she was the daughter of Pepi I, and the wife of Neferkare (Pepi II)
Udjebten –––– Pyramid Complex of Pepi II [62] [73] –
Ankhesenpepi III Merenre Nemtyemsaf I [74] ––– Pyramid Complex of Pepi I [74] –
Ankhesenpepi IV –– Neferkare II [68] –Mortuary chapel of Iput II [68] –
Nitocris Merenre Nemtyemsaf II (according to Legend) [75] Pepi II (according to Legend) [75] Neith (according to Legend) [75] –––According to writings by Herodotus and Manetho, she was a queen who came to rule Egypt following the murder of her brother/husband and plotted a revenge against his murderers by building a special chamber that would flood with water from the Nile while they dined there, afterwards she committed suicide by running into a burning room. [62] Egyptologists now however believe that she was likely fictional and that her name is a misreading of the male pharaoh Neitiqerty Siptah. [62] No archeological evidence exists to support her historicity.

First Intermediate Period

Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Dynasties (c. 2181–2040 BC)

No known queens from these dynasties.

Early Eleventh Dynasty (c. 2130–2040 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Neferu I Mentuhotep I [76] [77] –– Intef I [78] –––
Neferukayet Intef II [79] Intef I [79] – Intef III [80] –––
Petroglyph queen Iah.jpg Iah Intef III [81] Intef II [81] – Mentuhotep II [81] Neferu II [81] ––
Henite
[82] 		––––––

Middle Kingdom

Eleventh Dynasty Continued (c. 2040–1991 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Tem Mentuhotep II [83] [81] –– Mentuhotep III [83] –Tomb DBXI.15, within the Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II. [83] –
Figurine Neferu Met.jpg Neferu II Intef III [83] Iah [83] ––Tomb TT319 [83] –
Shrine Ashayet Naville Cropped.png Ashayet ––––Tomb DBXI.17, within the Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II. [81] –
Sarcophagus of the Hathor Priestess Henhenet MET 07.230.1a-b EGDP011901.jpg Henhenet ––––Tomb DBXI.11, within the Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II. [81] Died in childbirth. [81]
Shrine Sadeh Naville.png Sadeh ––––Tomb DBXI.7, within the Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II. [83] –
Princess Kaiwit having her hair dressed, circa 2000BC. Wellcome M0006211.jpg Kawit ––––Tomb DBXI.9, within the Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II. [81] –
Relief Kemsit Munich.JPG Kemsit ––––Tomb TT308, within the Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II. [83] –
Queen Imi, Wady Hammamat.jpg Imi
[84] 		Mentuhotep III (?) [84] –– Mentuhotep IV [84] –––

Twelfth Dynasty (c. 1991–1802 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Neferitatjenen Amenemhat I [85] –– Senusret I [85] Neferu III [85]
Neferusherit [85] (?)
Kayet [85] (?)		 Pyramid Complex of Amenemhet I (?) [85] –
Neferu III Senusret I [85] Amenemhat I Neferitatjenen [85] Amenemhat II [85] – Pyramid Complex of Senusret I or possibly in Dahshur [86] –
Keminub Amenemhat II (?) [87] –––– Funerary enclosure of Amenemhat II [87] Previously believed to have been a wife of Amenemhet II, but evidence suggests that she may actually be a queen of the 13th Dynasty whose husband is unknown. [88]
Kaneferu
[87] 		––––––
Senet
[89] 		––––––
F0833 Louvre Reine Ouret E32564 rwk.jpg Khenemetneferhedjet I Senusret II [87] [86] Amenemhat II [87] [86] – Senusret III [87] – Mortuary Complex of Senusret II [87] –
Agyptisches Museum Kairo 2019-11-09 Nofret II 02.jpg Nofret II ––––
Itaweret ––– Funerary enclosure of Amenemhat II [87] –
Khenmet ––––
Sithathoriunet Senusret III [90] [87] [86] Senusret II [90] – Amenemhat III (?) [85] – Pyramid Complex of Senusret II [90] –
Khenemetneferhedjet II ––––Pyramid IX in the Dahshur Funerary Complex [87] –
Neferthenut ––––Tomb II in the Pyramid Complex of Senusret III [86] –
Stele kau Budge.png Meretseger –––––Due to lack of contemporary sources relating to her, it is thought she may not have existed but was rather a creation of the New Kingdom. [91]
Aat false door.JPG Aat Amenemhat III [87] [92] –––– Dahshur Funerary Complex [87] –
Khenemetneferhedjet III –––––
Hetepti
[87] 		Amenemhat III (?) [87] –– Amenemhat IV [87] ––Unknown if she was actually a wife of Amenemhat III, as she is not known to have held the title of "King's Wife". [93]
Statue of Sobekneferu (Berlin Egyptian Museum 14475).jpg Sobekneferu Amenemhat IV [94] (according to Manetho ) Amenemhat III [94] ––– Northern Mazghuna pyramid (?)First known woman to rule as Pharaoh in her own right (c. 1806–1802 BC) for which there is archeological evidence. It is however unknown for certain if Amenemhat IV was her husband or if she was ever married to a reigning Pharaoh at all prior to her own rule.

Second Intermediate Period

Thirteenth Dynasty (c. 1802–1649 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Nofret (III) Ameny Qemau (?)––– Hatshepsut –This queen is only known from one stele which states that she was a "king's wife" and was the mother of "king's daughter" Hatshepsut. However, it is unknown which king she was married to. [95] In 2017, a pyramid was discovered containing a canopic box naming "king's daughter" Hatshepsut and a stone slab with the name of king Ameny Qemau. [96] It is however unknown if these two king's daughters are one and the same.
Nubhetepti Hor (?) [97] –––––She held the title of "King's Mother", but it is unknown which king she was the mother of. [97]
Seneb[henas] I
[97] 		Khendjer (?)––––––
Senebhenas.jpg Senebhenas II Sobekhotep III [98] [97] ––––––
Neni ––– Iuhetibu Fendy
Dedetanqet (or Dedetanuq). [97] 		––
Senebsen Neferhotep I [98] ––––––
Tjan Sobekhotep IV [98] ––Amenhotep [99] Nebetiunet [100] ––
Nubhotepti
[101] 		Sobekhotep VI (?)––––––
Scarab Inni EA32311 Hall.png Ineni Merneferre Ay (?) [99] –––––One of the first queens to have her name written in a cartouche.
Louvre 032007 32.jpg Nubkhaes (I)Unknown–––––Either a wife of Sobekhotep V, Sobekhotep VI or Wahibre Ibiau. [97]
Aya Unknown–––––Either a wife of Sehetepkare Intef, [100] Imyremeshaw [100] or Sobekhotep II. [102]
Abetni Unknown–––––Married to an unknown king. [103]
Ahhotepi
[104] 		Unknown–––––Possibly married to a king who reigned between Hor and Khendjer. [104]
Wadjet
[104] 		Unknown–––––Possibly married to a king who reigned between Hor and Khendjer. [104]
Ankhmari
[104] 		Unknown–––––Possibly married to a king who reigned after Merneferre Ay. [104]
Nehyt
[104] 		Unknown–––––Possibly married to a king who reigned after Merneferre Ay. [104]
Nubhetepi II
[104] 		Unknown–––––Possibly married to a king who reigned after Merneferre Ay. [104]
Resunefer
[104] 		Unknown–––––Possibly married to a king who reigned after Merneferre Ay. [104]
Sithathor
[104] 		Unknown–––––Possibly married to a king who reigned after Merneferre Ay. [104]
Sitsobk
[104] 		Unknown–––––Possibly married to a king who reigned after Merneferre Ay. [104]

Fourteenth Dynasty (c. 1725–1650 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Scarab BM20824 Newberry.png Tati Sheshi [105] Kushite Rulers of Kerma [106] Nehesy [107] ––Newer evidence suggests that Nehesy may not have actually been Tati's son. [108]

Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos) (c. 1649–1550 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Tani
[109] 		Apepi (?) [109] ––––––

Sixteenth Dynasty (c. 1650–1582 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Mentuhotep Djehuti [110] Vizier Senebhenaf [110] Sobekhotep [110] –– Dra' Abu el–Naga' –
Sitmut
[111] 		Mentuhotep VI (?) [111] –––Herunefer [111] ––

Seventeenth Dynasty (c. 1582–1550 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Nubemhat Sobekemsaf I –––Sobekemheb [112] ––
Nubkhaes (II) Sobekemsaf II –––––Her burial was robbed in the late 20th Dynasty, along with that of her husband. [111]
Stele JE 16.2.22.23 Engelbach.jpg Sobekemsaf Nubkheperre Intef [111] –––Sobekemsaf [111] –Sister of an unidentified pharaoh, possibly either Sekhemre–Heruhirmaat Intef, Sobekemsaf II or Senakhtenre Ahmose. [113] Her mother is unknown, but was given a title of "King's daughter", suggesting that Sobekemsaf could have been a granddaughter of Rahotep. [114]
Haankhes Unknown––Ameni [111] –––
Stela of Ahmose Honouring Tetisheri (Egyptian Museum CG 34002) d2.jpg Tetisheri Senakhtenre Ahmose Tjenna [115] Neferu [115] Seqenenre Tao [115]
Kamose (?) [116] 		Ahhotep I [115] Ahmose Inhapy [115]
Sitdjehuti [115] 		Possibly KV41 –
Queen Ahhotep's coffin from Deir el-Bahri (closeup).jpg Ahhotep I Seqenenre Tao [117] [116] Senakhtenre Ahmose [117] [115] Tetisheri [117] [115] Ahmose I [116]
Ahmose Sapair [116]
Binpu [116] 		Ahmose–Nefertari [116] >
Ahmose–Henutemipet [116]
Ahmose–Tumerisy, [116] Ahmose–Nebetta [116]
Ahmose–Meritamon (?) [118] 		–Ruled as a regent for her son Ahmose I.
Ahmose Henuttamehu.jpg Ahmose Inhapy – Ahmose–Henuttamehu [116] ––
Queen Sitdjehuti's sarcophagus in Munich.jpg Sitdjehuti – Ahmose [116] ––
Queen Ahhotep II's sarcophagus.jpg Ahhotep II Kamose [119] ––– Ahmose–Sitkamose [119] ––

New Kingdom

Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1550–1292 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Ahmes Nefertari Grab 10.JPG Ahmose-Nefertari Ahmose I [120] [119] Seqenenre Tao [120] Ahhotep I [120] Ahmose-ankh [116]
Amenhotep I [120]
Siamun [116]
Ramose (?) [119] 		Ahmose-Meritamun [120]
Ahmose–Sitamun [116]
Mutnofret (?) [116] 		Dra' Abu el–Naga' [120] Ruled as regent for her son Amenhotep I. [121]
Mummy Ahmose-Sitkamose Smith.JPG Ahmose-Sitkamose Kamose [122] Ahhotep II [119] ––––
Ahmose Henuttamehu.jpg Ahmose-Henuttamehu Seqenenre Tao [123] Ahmose-Inhapy [116] ––––
British Museum Egypt 046.jpg Ahmose-Meritamun Amenhotep I [120] Ahmose I [120] Ahmose-Nefertari [120] ––Tomb TT358 [120] –
Sitkamose
[124] 		––––––
Hatshepsut's Mother, Queen Ahmose MET DP310771.jpg Ahmose Thutmose I [125] ––– Hatshepsut [120]
Nefrubity [120] 		Thebes [120] –
Mutnofret Ahmose I [126] – Thutmose II [126] –––
Hatshepsut.jpg Hatshepsut Thutmose II [127] [128] Thutmose I [127] Ahmose [127] – Neferure [127] KV20 [127] Initially ruled as regent for her stepson Thutmose III before becoming a reigning Pharaoh herself (c. 1479–1458).
Isis-tutmosis3.jpg Iset –– Thutmose III [128] –––
Thutmose III and family.jpg Satiah Thutmose III [129] – Ipu [130] Amenemhat (?) [130] ––Her father may have been Ahmose Pen–Nekhebet. [131]
Merytre-tomb-of-Ra.jpg Merytre-Hatshepsut – Hui [126] Menkheperre, [128] Amenhotep II [126] Nebetiunet [130]
Meritamen [126]
Iset [128]
Meritamen [e] 		Possibly KV35 –
Thutmose III and family.jpg Nebtu ––––––
Canopic Jar of Manhata MET 18.8.3a-b 02.jpg Menhet –––– Wady Gabbanat el–Qurud [128] Foreign wife of Syrian descent. [128]
Canopic Jar of Manuwai MET 18.8.12a-b 02.jpg Menwi ––––Foreign wife of Syrian descent. [128]
Canopic Jar of Maruta MET 18.8.5a-b 02.jpg Merti ––––Foreign wife of Syrian descent. [126]
Nebsemi [132] ––––––
By ovedc - Egyptian Museum (Cairo) - 1161.jpg Tiaa Amenhotep II [130] –– Thutmose IV [130] – KV32 [130] –
Nefertari-TuthmosisIV.jpg Nefertari Thutmose IV [129] ––––––
Iaret-TuthmosisIV.jpg Iaret Amenhotep II [128] –––––
Mutemwiya.jpg Mutemwiya –– Amenhotep III [126] ––Ruled as regent for her son Amenhotep III. [133]
Daughter of Artatama I of Mitanni [134] Artatama I ––––Known from Amarna Letter EA 29.
Agyptisches Museum Berlin 027 detail 01.jpg Tiye Amenhotep III [135] [136] Yuya [135] Tjuyu [135] Thutmose [135]
Akhenaten [135] 		Sitamun [137]
Iset [138]
Henuttaneb [139]
Nebetah [140]
Beketaten [139] 		––
Gilukhipa Shuttarna II of Mitanni [139] –––––
Fragment of a relief showing princess Sitamun (Sitamen). From the mortuary temple of Amenhotep II at Thebes, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London.jpg Sitamun Amenhotep III [136] Tiye [136] ––––
Iset and Henuttaneb.jpg Iset ––––
Daughter of Kurigalzu I of Babylon [16] Kurigalzu I –––––
Daughter of Kadashman–Enlil of Babylon [16] Kadashman–Enlil –––––
Daughter of Tarhundaradu of Arzawa [16] Tarhundaradu –––––
Daughter of the ruler of Ammia [16] Unknown king of Ammia–––––
Henut Amenhotep III (?)––––––
Tadukhipa Amenhotep III and Akhenaten [137] Tushratta of Mitanni [137] Juni [137] –––Some Egyptologists have theorised that she may the same person as Kiya. [137]
Nofretete Neues Museum.jpg Nefertiti Akhenaten [141] [142] Ay (?) [141] –– Meritaten [141]
Meketaten [141]
Ankhesenamun [141]
Neferneferuaten Tasherit [141]
Neferneferure [141]
Setepenre [141] 		–Likely candidate for the female pharaoh Neferneferuaten (c. 1334–1332).
KV55-CanopicJar-AmarnaQueen-CloseUp MetropolitanMuseum.png Kiya ––– Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit (?) [143] and/or Meritaten Tasherit (?) [143] Amarna (?) [143] Possibly the same person as Tadukhipa. [142] The usurpation of her monuments suggest that she may have been disgraced later in her husband's reign. [142]
TheYoungerLady-61072-RightProfileView-PlateXCIX-TheRoyalMummies-1912.gif The Younger Lady –– Tutankhamun – KV35 Unidentified sister–wife of Akhenaten. Possibly may be either Nebetah or Beketaten. [144]
Daughter of Burna–Buriash II [16] Burna–Buriash II ––––Known from Amarna Letter EA 11, in which her father complains of the small envoy of five chariots sent to convey her to Egypt. [145]
Daughter of Šatiya [146] Šatiya ––––Known from Amarna Letter EA 187.
PrincesseAmarna.jpg Meritaten Smenkhkare [142] Akhenaten [138] Nefertiti [138] – Meritaten Tasherit (?) [142]
Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit (?) [139] 		–Theorised by some Egyptologists to have ruled as the female pharaoh Neferneferuaten later in her father's reign. [142]
Tutankhamun and his wife B. C. 1330.jpg Ankhesenamun 1) Akhenaten [147]
2)Tutankhamun [139]
3) Ay [139] 		–With Tutankhamun:
Two stillborn daughters [137] 		KV21 (?)–
Royal couple-MAHG 12440-IMG 9578-detail Tey.JPG Tey Ay [148] –– Nakhtmin (?) [148] – WV23 (?) [149] –
Detail of the statue of king Horemheb and queen Mutnedjemet - Museo Egizio (Turin).jpg Mutnedjmet (I) Horemheb [149] Ay (?) [149] ––– KV57 [149] Theorised by some Egyptologists to be Nefertiti's sister.
Nebetnehat Unknown––––Tomb WB1, Wadi Gabbanat el–Qurud [150] Married to a king from the mid–18th dynasty but it is unknown which king. [151]

Nineteenth Dynasty (c. 1292–1189 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Drawing Sitre Petrie.png Sitre Ramesses I [152] –– Seti I [152] – QV38 [152] May have previously been known as Tia [152]
Tuya Vaticano. 02.JPG Tuya Seti I [153] Raia [153] (Lieutenant of the chariotry)Ruia [153] Ramesses II [153] Tia [153]
Henutmire(?) [153] 		QV80 [153] –
Tanedjemy.png Tanedjemet Seti I or Ramesses II [154] Ramesses I (?)––– QV33 –
Maler der Grabkammer der Nefertari 004.jpg Nefertari Ramesses II [155] [156] [157] [158] [159] [160] –– Amun–her–khepeshef [157]
Pareherwenemef [155]
Meryre [155]
Meryatum [155] 		Meritamen [159]
Henuttawy
Baketmut [155]
Nebettawy [155]
Nefertari (?) [155] 		QV66 [155] –
Isetnofret.jpg Isetnofret –– Ramesses [156]
Khaemweset [156]
Merneptah [156] 		Bintanath [156]
Isetnofret (?) [156] 		Valley of the Queens (?) [156] –
Henutmire.jpg Henutmire Seti I [157] Tuya [161] –– QV75 [157] –
Maathorneferure.jpg Maathorneferure Hattusili III [158] Puduhepa [158] –One daughter [158] Gurob (?) [158] –
Akhmim6.jpg Meritamen Ramesses II [159] Nefertari [159] –– QV68 [159] –
Bintanath-portrait.jpg Bintanath Isetnofret [157] –Unknown daughter [152] QV71 [157] –
Nebettawy.jpg Nebettawy Nefertari [160] –– QV60 [160] –
TanisStatueDetail.jpg Merytre
[162] 		––––
Isetnofret-II.jpg Isetnofret II Merneptah [163] Either Ramesses II or Khaemweset [163] – Seti II [163]
Merenptah [164]
Khaemwaset [164] 		Isetnofret [163] ––
Queen Takhat.png Takhat Seti II [165] Ramesses II (?) [165] – Amenmesse [165] Twosret (?) KV10 [165] Depending on whether Amenmesse was a son or brother of Seti II, she may actually be a wife of Merneptah.
Queen Tausret Emile Prisse d'Avennes.jpg Twosret – Takhat (?) Seti–Merenptah [166] Possibly one daughter [165] KV14 [165] Ruled as regent for her stepson Siptah before becoming Pharaoh in her own right (c. 1191–1190).
Tiaa ––––––
Sutailja Seti II or Amenmesse (depending on who is the father of Siptah)–– Siptah ––Of Canaanite origin.
Tiya
[ citation needed ]		 Amenmesse ––––––

Twentieth Dynasty (c. 1189–1077 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Relief Tiy-Merenese Petrie.jpg Tiy–Merenese Setnakhte [167] –– Ramesses III [167] –––
Iset-ramsesIII low.gif Iset Ta–Hemdjert Ramesses III [167] [168] [169] –Hemdjert [167] Ramesses VI [167] – QV51 [167] –
Queen Tyti of Egypt.jpg Tyti Setnakhte (?)– Ramesses IV [168]
Khaemwaset [154]
Amun–her–khepeshef [154]
Ramesses–Meryamen (?) [154] 		– QV52 [169] Previously believed to have been a wife of Ramesses X. [169]
Queen-prehirwenemef.jpg Tiye (II)–– Pentawer [169] ––Instigated a harem conspiracy against her husband. Her ultimate fate is unknown. [169]
Duatentopet.jpg Duatentopet Ramesses IV [170] Ramesses III [171] – Ramesses V [171] – QV74 [170] –
Henutwati Ramesses V [171] ––––––
Tawerettenru ––––––
Nubkhesbed Ramesses VI [171] –– Ramesses VII [171]
Amenherkhepshef [171]
Panebenkemyt [171] 		Iset [171] ––
Baketourel Ire.jpg Baketwernel Ramesses IX [170] –––– KV10 [170] –
Tentamun (I) Ramesses XI [171] Nebseny [171] –– Duathathor–Henuttawy [172]
Tentamun [172] (?)		––

Third Intermediate Period

Twenty-first Dynasty (c. 1077–943 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Tentamun (II) Smendes [173] Ramesses XI [172] Tentamun (?) [172] ––––
Mutnedjmet (II) Psusennes I [173] [174] Pinedjem I [173] Duathathor–Henuttawy [173] Amenemope (?)–NRT III, Tanis [173] –
Wiay
[174] 		–––Isetemkheb [174] ––
Karimala Siamun or Psusennes II [175] Osorkon the Elder [175] –––––

Wives of the High Priests of Amun (c. 1080–943 BC)

While they were not officially pharaohs, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes were the de facto rulers of Upper Egypt during the Twenty–first dynasty, writing their names in cartouches and being buried in royal tombs. Their wives would have held a similar status to most other queens.

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Hrere Piankh (?)––– Nodjmet –May have actually been a wife of Amenhotep.
QueenNodjmetAdoreOsiris.jpg Nodjmet Herihor [176] Amenhotep (High Priest of Amun) (?) [176] Hrere [176] Pinedjem I, [176]
Heqanefer,
Heqamaat,
Ankhefenmut		Faienmut TT320 [177] May have been also been married to Piankh. [176]
Duathathor-Henuttawy.jpg Duathathor–Henuttawy Pinedjem I [176] [178] Ramesses XI [176] Tentamun [172] Psusennes I, [176]
Masharta, [176]
Menkheperre [176] 		Mutnedjmet, [176]
Maatkare, [176]
Henuttawy [179] 		–
Isetemkheb
[178] 		––––––
Tentnabehenu
[178] 		––– Nauny [178] ––
Tayuheret
[178] 		Masaharta [178] –––– TT320 [180] –
Djedmutesankh
[178] 		Djedkhonsuefankh [178] –––– MMA 60 [181] –
Isetemkheb
[178] 		Menkheperre [178] Psusennes I [178] Wiay [178] Pinedjem II, [178]
Smendes II, [178]
Pasebkhanut [178]
Hori [178] 		Isetemkheb, [178]
Henuttawy, [178]
Meryetamun, [178]
Gautseshen [178] 		––
Henuttawy Smendes II [178] Menkheperre [178] Isetemkheb [178] –Isetemkheb [178] MMA 60 [178] –
Tahentdjehuty
[178] 		––– Neskhons [178] ––
Mummy Isetemkheb-D Smith.JPG Isetemkheb Pinedjem II [178] Menkheperre [178] Isetemkheb [178] Psusennes II [178] Harweben, [178]
Henuttawy [178] 		TT320 [182] [183] –
Petrie Museum painted wooden stele of Neskhons.jpg Neskhons Smendes II [178] Tahentdjehuty [178] Tjanefer, [178]
Masaharta [178] 		Itawy, [178]
Nesitanebetashru [178] 		–

Twenty-second Dynasty (First Libyan dynasty) (c. 943–720 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Apis Aakheperre 37 Mariette.jpg Karomama (I) Shoshenq I [174] –– Osorkon I [174] –––
Patareshnes –– Nimlot [174] –––
Maatkare Osorkon I [174] [184] Psusennes II [174] – Shoshenq [185] –––
Apis Aakheperre 37 Mariette.jpg Tashedkhonsu –– Takelot I [174] –––
Shepensopdet
[184] 		––Osorkon [184] –––
Nesitaudjatakhet Shoshenq II [184] ––Osorkon [184] –––
Nesitanebetashru –– Harsiese [184] –––
Apis Aakheperre 37 Mariette.jpg Kapes Takelot I [174] –– Osorkon II [174] –––
British Museum Egypt 095.jpg Karomama (II) Osorkon II [186] Takelot I [186] – Shoshenq [186]
Hornakht [186] 		Tashakheper [186]
Karomama [186]
[Ta?]iirmer [186] 		–Known as Karomama I.
Isetemkheb
[186] 		–––Tjesbastperu [186] ––
Apis Aakheperre 37 Mariette.jpg Djedmutesankh
[186] 		–– Nimlot [186] –––
Djedbastiusankh
[187] 		Shoshenq III [187] ––Takelot [187] –––
Tadibast II
[187] 		––Bakennefi [187] –––
Tentamenopet
[187] 		–––Ankhenesshoshenq [187] ––
Tjesbastperu
[188] 		Osorkon II [188] –––––
Louvre egide tete lionne.JPG Tadibast III Shoshenq V (?) [189] –– Osorkon IV [185] –––

Twenty-third Dynasty (Second Libyan dynasty) (c. 837–720 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Karomama (III) Takelot II [190] Nimlot [191] (High Priest of Amun)Tentsepeh [186] Osorkon III [192] –Thebes?Granddaughter of Osorkon II. Known as Karomama II.
Tashep––Nimlot [193] –––
Tabeketenasket–––Isetweret [193] ––
Tentsai Osorkon III [193] –– Takelot III [193] –––
Karoadjet––––––
Irtiubast Takelot III [191] Osorkon III (?) [191] –Osorkon [191] –––
Kakat–––Irbastwedjanefu [194] ––
Betjet
[ citation needed ]		––––––

Twenty-fourth Dynasty (c. 732–720 BC)

No known Queens from this dynasty.

Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Kushite Dynasty) (c. 760–656 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Pebatjma Kashta [195] –– Piye, [196]
Shabaka [196] 		Khensa, [196]
Peksater, [196]
Amenirdis I, [196]
Neferukakashta (?) [196] 		––
Tabiry Piye [197] Alara of Nubia [197] Kasaqa––Pyramid Ku53 in El–Kurru, Nubia [198] –
Abar.jpg Abar –– Taharqa [197] – Nuri, Tomb 35 (?) [199] Niece of Alara of Nubia. [197]
Khensa Kashta [200] Pebatjma [196] –– El–Kurru Pyramid Ku4 [195] –
Peksater ––Cemetery D in Abydos [198] –
Nefrukekashta
[195] 		Pebatjma (?) [201] –– El–Kurru Pyramid K.52 [195] –
Arty Shebitku [201] Piye [196] ––– El–Kurru Pyramid Ku6 [202] –
Qalhata Shabaka [201] – Tantamani [201] – El–Kurru Pyramid Ku5 [198] –
Mesbat
[203] 		–– Haremakhet (?) [203] –––
Tabekenamun Taharqa [197] Piye [197] ––––May be wife of Shabaka. [203]
Nubian-Queen.jpg Takahatenamun –––Tomb 21 at Nuri (?)–
Naparaye ––– El–Kurru Pyramid Ku3 [195] –
Atakhebasken –––– Nuri Tomb Nu36 [202] –
Stele of the Dream by Tantamani, Jebel Barkal, Sudan.jpg Piankharty
[201] 		Tantamani [201] ––––––
[..]salka
[201] 		––––––
Malaqaye Tantamani (?)––––––

Late Period

Twenty-sixth Dynasty (Saite Dynasty) (672–525 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Istemabet
[204] 		Necho I –– Psamtik I –––
Mehytenweskhet Ushabti.jpg Mehytenweskhet Psamtik I [205] Harsiese [205]
(High Priest of Re)		– Necho II [205] Nitocris I [205]
Meryetneith [205] 		Medinet Habu [205] –
November13-10 StoneSarcophagusLidOfQueenKhedebneithirbinet04 KunsthistorischesMuseum.jpg Khedebneithirbinet I Necho II [205] –– Psamtik II [205] – Sebennytos (?) [205] –
Takhuit Psamtik II [206] –– Apries [206] Ankhnesneferibre [206] Athribis [206] –
Tentkheta Amasis II [207] Padineith
(Priest of Ptah)		–Khnum–ib–Re [16]
Psamtik III [207] 		–––
Nakhtubasterau ––Pasenenkhonsu [207]
Ahmose [207] 		– Giza Tomb LG83 [207] –
Ladice Battus III of Cyrene Pheretima –––Married the Pharaoh some time after 548 BC and returned to Cyrene in 525 BC.
Khetbeneiterboni II
[208] 		Apries [208] –––––
Tadiasir
[207] 		–––Tashereniset [207] ––

Twenty-seventh Dynasty (First Persian Dynasty) (525–404 BC)

The Persian kings of Egypt generally ruled the country from afar and thus their wives played little to no part in Egyptian life and culture. [209] As stated by Egyptologist Joyce Tyldesley, "to all intents and purposes, Egypt was without a queen throughout the 27th and 31st Dynasties". [209]

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Atossa 1) Cambyses [210]
2) Darius I [210] 		Cyrus the Great [210] Cassandane [210] With Darius I:
Xerxes I, [210] Achaemenes, [210] Masistes, [210] Hystaspes [210] 		– Naqsh–e Rostam –
Roxane Cambyses [211] ––––A sister of Cambyses according to Herodotus. [211] However, Ctesias does not mention her being a sister of Cambyses. [211]
Phaidyme1) Bardiya [212]
2) Darius I [210] 		Otanes [210] –––––
Artystone Darius I [210] Cyrus the Great [210] Cassandane [210] Arsames, [210] Gobryas [210] Artazostre ––
Parmys Bardiya [210] – Ariomardus [210] –––
Phratogune–– Abrokomas, [210] Hyperantes [210] –––
Amestris Xerxes I [210] Otanes [210] A sister of Darius Darius, Hystaspes, Artaxerxes I, Achaemenes Amytis, Rhodogune––
Damaspia Artaxerxes I [210] –– Xerxes II [210] –––
Alogyne of Babylon –– Sogdianus –––
Cosmartidene of Babylon –– Darius II, [210] Arsites–––
Andia of Babylon ––Bogapaeus Parysatis ––
Parysatis Darius II [210] Artaxerxes I [210] Andia of Babylon Artaxerxes II, [210] Cyrus, [210] Artostes, [210] Ostanes, [210] Oxendra [210] Amestris, [210] Stateira [210] ––

Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Dynasties (404–380 BC)

No known Queens from these dynasties.

Thirtieth Dynasty (380–343 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Khedebneithirbinet II
[213] 		Nectanebo II [213] Teos [213] –––––

Thirty-first Dynasty (Second Persian Dynasty) (343–332 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Atossa
[214] 		Artaxerxes III [210] –– Arses [210] –––
BMVB1452-Justus Sustermans-La familia de Darius davant Alexandre el Gran.JPG Stateira I Darius III [210] ––Ariobarzanes [210] Stateira II, [210]
Drypetis [210] 		––

Hellenistic Period

Argead Dynasty (332–309 BC)

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersChildren of unknown sexBurial PlaceNotes
Il Sodoma. Marriage of Alexander and Roxana. detail. Villa Farnesina, Rome. fresco 3.jpg Roxana Alexander the Great [215] Oxyartes of Bactria [215] – Alexander IV [215] –Unnamed first child [216] –Married Alexander in 327 BC.
Fresco Alexander and Stateira.jpg Stateira II Darius III [210] Stateira I [210] –––Married Alexander in 324 BC.
Parysatis II Artaxerxes III [210] ––––
Eurydice II of Macedon Philip III [215] Amyntas IV [215] Cynna [215] ––––

Ptolemaic Dynasty (305–30 BC)

Most Queens of this dynasty starting with Arsinoe II held power as co–rulers with their husbands. Below is a list of consorts who are not known to have held power as co–rulers.

PictureNameSpouseFatherMotherSonsDaughtersBurial PlaceNotes
Eurydice Ptolemy I [217] Antipater [217] – Ptolemy Keraunos, [217]
Meleager, [217]
Agathocles (?), [217]
Argeus (?) [217] 		Ptolemais, [217] Lysandra [217] –
Ptolemy I and Berenike I.jpg Berenice I Magas of Macedon [217] Antigone of Macedon [217] Ptolemy II [217] Arsinoe II, [217] Philotera [217] ––
Arsinoe I Dekadrachme.jpg Arsinoe I Ptolemy II [217] Lysimachus [217] Nicaea of Macedon Ptolemy III, [217]
Lysimachus [217] 		Berenice [217] –Exiled to Coptos by Ptolemy II.
Cleopatra IV Ptolemy IX Soter Ptolemy VIII Physcon Cleopatra III – Berenice III (possibly)–First wife of Ptolemy IX. She was never included as co–ruler in protocols dating, nor she is known to have Pharaoh's titulary.
Cleopatra Selene Obverse.jpg Cleopatra Selene 1) Ptolemy IX [218]
2) Ptolemy X [218] 		Ptolemy VIII [218] Cleopatra III [218] –––Unlike most Queens of this period, she was not made co–ruler due to the influence of her mother Cleopatra III. After Ptolemy IX was driven out of Egypt by his mother in 107 BC, Cleopatra Selene married her brother Ptolemy X. In 102 BC, she was forced by her mother to divorce Ptolemy X and marry Antiochus VIII of the Seleucid Empire to seal an alliance. She is sometimes named Cleopatra V due to the general confusion over the numbering of the queens named Cleopatra. [218]
Seleucus VII Philometor Berenice IV Antiochus X Eusebes [219] Cleopatra Selene [219] –––Murdered on the orders of Berenice IV after a few days of marriage. [219] While he was technically a co–regent with Berenice, he is usually not included on Lists of Pharaohs.
Archelaus
[220] 		Archelaus [220] (General)––––While there is a possibility he was a co–regent, [220] there is no confirmed proof of this.
Marcus Antonius marble bust in the Vatican Museums.jpg Mark Antony Cleopatra VII [221] Marcus Antonius Creticus Julia Alexander Helios, [221]
Ptolemy Philadelphus [221] 		Cleopatra Selene II [221] ––

Notes

  1. ↑ Berenice did have titles of "female Horus" and "female Pharaoh", but was not included in dating protocols as co-ruler to her husband. [5] However she is considered Pharaoh by Sally Ann Ashton. [6]
  2. ↑ Arsinoe III did have title of "ruler", but was not included in dating protocols as co-ruler to her husband, making her status ambiguous. Tara Sewell-Lasater classifies her as queen-consort. [5] However Arsinoe is considered Pharaoh by Sally Ann Ashton. [6]
  3. ↑ While Cleopatra did have titles like "female Horus" and "female Pharaoh", she was not included in dating protocols as co-Pharaoh during her husband's reign. [5] However she is considered Pharaoh by Sally Ann Ashton. [6]
  4. ↑ She was included in dating protocols as senior monarch during her son's minority and is ambiguously described as "regent and co-ruler". [5]
  5. ↑ Thutmose III and Hatshepsut-Meryetre had two daughters named Meritamen. [126]

See also

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  171. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 186.
  172. 1 2 3 4 5 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 187.
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  174. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tyldesley, Joyce (2006). Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt. United Kingdom: Thames & Hudson. p.  181. ISBN   0-500-05145-3.
  175. 1 2 Chris Bennett, "Queen Karimala, Daughter of Osochor?" Göttinger Miszellen 173 (1999), pp. 7-8
  176. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Tyldesley, Joyce (2006). Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt. United Kingdom: Thames & Hudson. p.  175. ISBN   0-500-05145-3.
  177. ↑ Dodson & Hilton 2010, pp. 206, 208.
  178. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Dodson & Hilton 2010, pp. 200–201.
  179. ↑ Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 200.
  180. ↑ Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 209.
  181. ↑ Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 205.
  182. ↑ Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 206.
  183. ↑ Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 207.
  184. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 221.
  185. 1 2 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 222.
  186. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 213.
  187. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 212.
  188. 1 2 Nos ancêtres de l'Antiquité , 1991. Christian Settipani, p.153,163,164 and 166
  189. ↑ Kenneth Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC), 1996, Aris & Phillips Limited, Warminster, ISBN   0-85668-298-5, § 92
  190. ↑ Dodson & Hilton 2010, pp. 229, 231.
  191. 1 2 3 4 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 229.
  192. ↑ Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 227.
  193. 1 2 3 4 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 231.
  194. ↑ Dodson & Hilton 2010, pp. 226–227.
  195. 1 2 3 4 5 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 239.
  196. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Dodson & Hilton 2010, pp. 236–237.
  197. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 236.
  198. 1 2 3 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 240.
  199. ↑ Dunham, Dows; Macadam, M. F. Laming (1949). "Names and Relationships of the Royal Family of Napata". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 35: 139–149. doi:10.1177/030751334903500124. S2CID   192423817.
  200. ↑ Dodson & Hilton 2010, pp. 236–237, 239.
  201. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 237.
  202. 1 2 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 238.
  203. 1 2 3 R. Morkot: The Black Pharaohs, Egypt's Nubian Rulers, London 2000, p. 205 ISBN   0-948695-24-2
  204. ↑ Settipani, Christian (1991). Nos ancêtres de l'Antiquité, Étude des possibilités de liens généalogiques entre les familles de l'Antiquité et celles du haut Moyen Âge européen[Our ancient ancestors: study into possible genealogical links between families in Antiquity and those in the Middle Ages of Europe] (in French). Paris. pp. 153, 160, 161–162. ISBN   2864960508.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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  206. 1 2 3 4 Tyldesley, Joyce (2006). Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt. United Kingdom: Thames & Hudson. p.  186. ISBN   0-500-05145-3.
  207. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 247.
  208. 1 2 "Amasis". Livius. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  209. 1 2 Tyldesley, Joyce (2006). Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt. United Kingdom: Thames & Hudson. p.  187. ISBN   0-500-05145-3.
  210. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 251.
  211. 1 2 3 Brosius, Maria (2000). "Women i. In Pre-Islamic Persia". Encyclopaedia Iranica. London et al. Retrieved 2020-10-03.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  212. ↑ "Historical Persian Queens, Empresses, Warriors, Generals of Persia" . Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  213. 1 2 3 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 256.
  214. ↑ LeCoq, P. (1986). "Arses". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5. p. 548.
  215. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dodson & Hilton 2010, pp. 260–261.
  216. ↑ Metz Epitome 70
  217. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 266.
  218. 1 2 3 4 5 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 277.
  219. 1 2 3 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 281.
  220. 1 2 3 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 275.
  221. 1 2 3 4 Dodson & Hilton 2010, p. 268.

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